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Factors that influence the implementation of sustainable land management practices by rural households in Tigrai region, Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 183-198页

作者： Haftu Etsay Teklay Negash Metkel Aregay department of Agricultural and resource economics College of Drylands Agriculture and Natural ResourcesMekelle UniversityMekelleEthiopi

Background:Sustainable land management is considered as one of the useful approaches to combat the threat of various forms of land degradation in *** this,there is scant information regarding households’decision towards the implementation of sustainable land management *** paper,therefore,looks into the determinants for the continued use and choice of the sustainable land management practices by smallholder farmers and its productivity effect in three randomly chosen districts in Tigrai region,*** study uses data from household survey and key informant *** paper employs a binary logit to analyze the determinants for the decision of continued use of sustainable land management practices,and a multivariate probit to analyze the simultaneous adoption decision of sustainable land management practices using cross sectional data collected from 230 randomly selected *** impact of sustainable land management practices was also evaluated using propensity score ***:Farming techniques,wealth status,agro-ecological variations,and plot level characteristics were found to be associated with the implementation decision of sustainable land management practices by rural ***,institutional supports and access to basic infrastructures influenced the overall continued use of sustainable land management practices and the preference of households toward these *** study also finds that the value of crop production of sustainable land management users was on average 77–100%higher than that of ***:The results of the current study confirm that the implementation of various sustainable land management practices are influenced by farming technologies deployed by rural households,agro-ecological variations,plot characteristics,and institutional *** findings also affirm that most of the sustainable land management practices are complementary to one another,and implementing two or

关键词： Continued use Determinants Plot level Productivity effect Sustainable land management practice,Tigrai

Estimation of conservation value of myrtle(Myrtus communis)using a contingent valuation method:a case study in a Dooreh forest area,Lorestan Province,Iran

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第1期3卷 26-36页

作者： Neda Amiri Seyed F.Emadian Asghar Fallah Kamran Adeli Hamid Amirnejad department of forestry sari agricultural and natural resource universitySariIran department of forest sciences gorgan agricultural and natural resource universityGorganlran department of forestry college of natural resourcessari agricultural sciences and natural resources universitySariIran department of forestry faculty of agriculturaluniversity of lorestanlorestanIran department of agricultural economics sari agricultural and natural resource universitySariIran

Background： Around 2000 plant species occur naturally in Lorestan Province of which 250 species are medicinal and myrtle is one of them. Myrtle is a shrub whose leaves and fruits have medicinal value and thus, if managed and harvested properly, could produce sustained economic benefits. In recent years, however, over half of the myrtle site areas was destroyed, due to inappropriate management and excessive harvesting practices. Thus, coming up with a practical harvesting approach along with identifying those factors damaging the sites, seems to be very crucial. Methods： In our investigation, we calculated the conservation value per hectare of myrtle in the Dooreh forest area in Lorestan Province. Using the Contingent Valuation （CV） and Double Bounded Dichotomous Choice （DBDC） methods, we determined the willingness to pay （VVTP） for myrtle conservation. The VVTP was estimated with a Iogit model for which indices were obtained based on a maximum precision criterion. Results： The results showed that 86.67 per cent of people were willing to pay for the conservation of these myrtle sites. Average monthly WTP per family was calculated as $0.79. The annual conservation value in terms of WTP for the preservation of the myrtle sites in Dooreh was estimated as $102,525. Among the variables of the model presented, education had a positive impact, while the amount proposed for payment and family size had a negative impact on the WTP. Conclusions： Our estimate of the value of myrtle conservation should provide justification for policy makers and decision making bodies of natural resources to implement policies in order to conserve the natural sites of this species more effectively.

关键词： Conservation value Myrtle Contingent valuation method Double Bounded Dichotomous method Logit model

Adoption and Impact of Modern Rice Varieties on Poverty in Eastern India

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Rice science 2020年第1期27卷 56-66页

作者： Richard Kwasi BANNOR Gupta Amarnath Krishna KUMAR Helena OPPONG-KYEREMEH Camillus Abawiera WONGNAA department of Agricultural economics Agribusiness and ExtensionUniversity of Energy and Natural ResourcesSunyaniGhana Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Rice Research Institute Cuttack 753006OrissaIndia department of Agricultural economics Agribusiness and ExtensionKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana

The factors affecting the adoption of modern varieties(MVs) of rice and impact on poverty in Odisha, India were discussed. A total of 363 households from Cuttack and Sambalpur districts of Odisha via multistage sampling technique participated in the survey. The Cragg's Double hurdle model was used to model the determinants of adoption and intensity of adoption of MVs of rice, and the propensity score matching was used to analyze the impact of adoption on poverty. The results showed that age, education, risk aversion, land size, yield, perception of MVs as high yielding, resistant to diseases and availability of MVs positively influenced the decision to adopt. However, variables such as household size, experience of a farmer, off-farm job participation, amount of credit received, cost of seeds, insecticides and fertilizers negatively influenced the adoption of MVs. Intensity of adoption of MVs was negatively influenced by experience of a farmer, cost of fertilizer and marketability of MVs, and positively affected by household size, risk aversion, land size, cost of insecticides, perception of MVs as high yielding and availability of MV seeds. Poverty incidence, gap and severity were high among non-adopters to adopters of MVs. After matching adopters and non-adopters of MV groups using four different algorithms of nearest neighbour matching, stratification matching, radius matching and kernel matching, the impact of MV adoption resulted in higher per capita monthly household expenditure by about US$ 52.82 to US$ 63.17.

关键词： rice adoption poverty Cragg's Double hurdle model modern variety

Impact of insect-resistant GM rice on pesticide use and farmers' health in China

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2015年第5期58卷 466-471页

作者： HUANG JiKun HU RuiFa QIAO FangBin YIN YanHong LIU HuaiJu HUANG ZhuRong Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resource Research Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Management and economics Beijing Institute of Technology China economics and Management Academy Central University of Finance and Economics department of Neurology Chinese PLA General Hospital

The economic benefits of insect-resistant genetically modified(GM) crops have been well documented, but the impact of such crops and the consequent reduction in pesticide use on farmers' health remains largely unknown. Through the analysis of the data collected from the physical examination from farmers in China, we show that GM rice significantly reduces pesticide use and the resultant not only visible but also invisible adverse effects on farmers' neurological, hematological, and electrolyte system. Hence, the commercialization of GM rice is expected to improve the health of farmers in developing countries, where pesticide application is necessary to mitigate crop loss.

关键词： pesticide use farmers health genetically modified rice insect-resistance

Exclosures restored the density and root colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2017年第1期6卷 339-350页

作者： Emiru Birhane Kide Mogos Gebremedihin Tewodros Tadesse Mengsteab Hailemariam Negasi Solomon department of Land resources Management and Environmental protection Mekelle UniversityPO Box 231MekelleEthiopia Faculty of Environmental Sciences and natural resource Management Norwegian University of Life SciencesPO Box 50031432ÅsNorway department of natural resource economics and Management Mekelle UniversityPO Box 231MekelleEthiopia

Introduction:Exclusion of grazing animals and tree plantations were among the methods used for the restoration of degraded lands in tropical semiarid *** can foster secondary forest succession by improving soil conditions and modifying microclimate for understory *** paper compared the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(AMF)spore density,root colonization of woody plants and soil chemical properties under exclosure with increasing age,and grazing land at different slope ***:The study was conducted in northern Ethiopia from 12 exclosure sites paired each with adjacent grazing land in total from 24 sites with four treatments replicated three *** the entire study,216 plots were examined of which 108 were in exclosures and 108 in communal grazing *** were four age classes and three slope positions in each of the land *** soil and root samples were collected using nested plots measuring 100m2 from four sides of 1763 plants for spore enumeration and root *** for chemical properties were collected from the four corners and center of 5 m×5 m ***:All the 61 woody plant species that belong to 41 families were colonized by *** density and root colonization were significantly higher in exclosures as compared to grazing land and increased with increasing ages of *** slope had significantly higher spore density and root colonization than middle and upper *** chemical properties were significantly higher in the exclosure,oldest age of exclosure,and foot slope position(except P).AMF spore density and root colonization were significantly positively correlated with soil chemical ***:Exclosures are helpful to restore the AMF spore density and root colonization of woody species and soil fertility.

关键词： Spore density Root colonization Age of exclosure Slope position

Omnibus Weights of Evidence Method Implemented in GeoDAS GIS for Information Extraction and Integration

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Journal of China University of Geosciences 2008年第4期19卷 404-409页

作者：张生元成秋明陈志军 Institute of natural resource and Environment Engineering Shijiazhuang University of Economics State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral resources China University of Geosciences department of Earth and Space Science and Engineering York University

Weights of evidence （WofE） is an artificial intelligent method for integration of information from diverse sources for predictive purpose in supporting decision making. This method has been commonly used to predict point events by integrating point training layer and binary or ternary evidential layers （multiclass evidence less commonly used）. Omnibus weights of evidence integrates fuzzy training layer and diverse evidential layers. This method provides new features in comparison with the ordinary Wore method. This new method has been implemented in a geographic information system-geophysical data analysis system and the method includes the following contents：（1） dual fuzzy weights of evidence （DFWofE）, in which training layer and evidential layers can be treated as fuzzy sets. DFWofE can be used to predict not only point events but also area or line events. In this model a fuzzy training layer can be defined based on point, line, and areas using fuzzy membership function; and （2） degree-of-exploration model for WorE is implemented through building a degree of exploration map. This method can be used to assess possible spatial correlations between the degree of exploration and potential evidential layers. Importantly, it would also make it possible to estimate undiscovered resources, if the degree of exploration map is combined with other models that predict where such resources are most likely to occur. These methods and relevant systems were vafidated using a case study of mineral potential prediction in Gejiu （个旧） mineral district, Yunnan （云南）, China.

关键词： weights of evidence fuzzy set degree of exploration GIS GeoDAS

A Limited Dependent Variable Analysis of Integrated Pest Management Adoption in Uganda

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第10期2卷 1162-1174页

作者： Jackline Bonabana-Wabbt Daniel Blaine Taylor department of agribusiness and natural resource economics Makerere University Kampala Uganda department of Agricultural and Applied economics Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg VA 24060USA

Integrated Pest Management （IPM） technologies can reduce pest damage to crops by emphasizing non-chemical control methods thereby reducing potential negative effects of chemicals on the environment while preserving profitability. This study investigates the adoption of eight IPM practices including intercropping, crop rotation, two improved varieties, incorporating a ＂striga chaser＂ in sorghum production, changing planting dates, altering planting density and fertilizer use. Explanatory variables include economic factors, social factors, management factors, and institutional factors. Results were consistent across logit and ordered logit analyses. Most factors affecting adoption across all crops and technologies are economic factors, including labor availability, technology resource requirements, technology complexity, and the level of expected benefits. Social factors are generally less associated with IPM technology adoption than either market or institutional factors. Results indicate that the evaluated technologies were scale-neutral and that farmer age and education level did not affect technology adoption.

关键词： IPM logit cumulative logit adoption Uganda.

Response of Platanus orientalis leaves to urban pollution by heavy metals

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第4期30卷 1437-1445页

作者： Esmaiel Khosropour Pedram Attarod Anoushirvan Shirvany Thomas Grant Pypker Vilma Bayramzadeh Leila Hakimi Mazaher Moeinaddini department of Forestry and Forest economics Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of TehranKarajIran department of natural resource Sciences Faculty of ScienceThompson Rivers UniversityKamloopsCanada department of Wood Sciences Karaj BranchIslamic Azad UniversityKarajIran department of Horticulture College of AgricultureSaveh BranchIslamic Azad UniversitySavehIran department of Environment Faculty of Natural ResourcesUniversity of TehranKarajIran

Atmospheric pollution is an important concern in urban *** impact of urban pollution on the physiological,biochemical and anatomical properties of leaves of oriental plane(Platanus orientalis L.)was *** leaves were collected from an urban site(Tehran,Iran)and a non-urban forest park(Chitgar Forest Park).Anatomical(stomata,parenchyma,and cuticle)and physiological(chlorophyll content,enzyme activities)properties were *** concentrations of Cd(cadmium),Pb(lead),Ni(nickel),and Cr(chromium)in leaves were significantly higher and Zn(zinc)lower at the urban site relative to the forest *** a,total chlorophyll,and carotenoid content in leaves of the urban site were significantly less than those of the forest park,but there was no significant difference in chlorophyll *** addition,the activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase,ascorbate peroxidase,and guaiacol peroxidase in urban leaves were significantly higher than in the leaves of the forest *** the urban area,leaves experienced a significant decrease in leaf surface area,stomata density,stomata pore area,epidermis,and spongy mesophyll thickness,but a significant increase in cuticle and palisade thicknesses relative to forest park *** increase in enzyme activities may indicate that the trees are attempting to cope with increased reactive oxygen species(ROS)because of pollution-induced *** study suggests that oriental plane trees alter their physiological and anatomical properties when living in a polluted urban environment.

关键词： Heavy metals Leaf anatomy Leaf physiology Atmospheric pollution

China's meat and grain imports during 2000–2012 and beyond: A comparative perspective

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第6期14卷 1101-1114页

作者： YU Wu-sheng CAO Li-juan department of Food and resource economics University of Copenhagen College of economics and Management Nanjing Agricultural University China Center for Food Security Research Nanjing Agricultural Universtiy

This paper provides a review on China＇s meat trade for the 2000–2012 period and discusses its future development, with reference to China＇s grain trade. With marginal decreases in meat exports and slight increases in their imports, China＇s net imports of major meat products（including pork, beef, mutton and poultry but excluding meat offal） were just below 1 million tons in 2012, dwarfed by China＇s net imports of grains which reached 66.7 million tons in the same year. This slow growth in meat trade seems to contradict earlier expectations on increasing meat demand and imports, based upon projected shifts in consumption patterns driven by rapid per capita income growth. Several plausible explanations of this paradoxical trade pattern are offered, including mass imports of feed grains, persistent（but shrinking） gaps between Chinese and international meat prices, tariff barriers, and non-tariff measures. In the near future China may not be able to maintain such a lower profile on the world meat markets, as per capita income is projected to continue to rise and domestic production cost advantages erode due to rising labor costs. A model-based projection exercise indicates that under plausible assumptions China＇s meat imports may rise sharply by 2030.

关键词： imports and beyond tariff prices capita income excluding earlier projection quota