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Machine learning applications in healthcare clinical practice and research

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2025年第1期13卷 16-21页

作者： Nikolaos-Achilleas Arkoudis Stavros P Papadakos Research Unit of radiology and Medical imaging School of MedicineNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11528Greece 2^(nd)department of radiology “Attikon”General University HospitalMedical SchoolNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensChaidari 12462Greece department of Gastroenterology Laiko General HospitalNational and Kapodistrian University of AthensAthens 11527Greece

Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human *** its various applications,it has proven groundbreaking in healthcare as well,both in clinical practice and *** this editorial,we succinctly introduce ML applications and present a study,featured in the latest issue of the World Journal of Clinical *** authors of this study conducted an analysis using both multiple linear regression(MLR)and ML methods to investigate the significant factors that may impact the estimated glomerular filtration rate in healthy women with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Their results implicated age as the most important determining factor in both groups,followed by lactic dehydrogenase,uric acid,forced expiratory volume in one second,and *** addition,for the NAFLD-group,the 5th and 6th most important impact factors were thyroid-stimulating hormone and systolic blood pressure,as compared to plasma calcium and body fat for the NAFLD+***,the study's distinctive contribution lies in its adoption of ML methodologies,showcasing their superiority over traditional statistical approaches(herein MLR),thereby highlighting the potential of ML to represent an invaluable advanced adjunct tool in clinical practice and research.

关键词： Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence Clinical Practice Research Glomerular filtration rate Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Medicine

Combined endovascular brachytherapy, sorafenib, and transarterial chemobolization therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma patients with portal vein tumor thrombus

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第43期23卷 7735-7745页

作者： Zi-Han Zhang Qing-Xin Liu Wen Zhang Jing-Qin Ma Jian-Hua Wang Jian-Jun Luo Ling-Xiao Liu Zhi-Ping Yan department of interventional radiology Zhongshan HospitalFudan University and Shanghai Institute of Medical Imaging

AIM To evaluate the safety and efficacy of combined endovascular brachytherapy(EVBT),transarterial chemoembolization(TACE),and sorafenib to treat hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients with main portal vein tumor thrombus(MPVTT).METHODS This single-center retrospective study involved 68 patients with unresectable HCC or those who were unfit for liver transplantation and percutaneous frequency ablation according to the BCLC classification. All patients had Child-Pugh classification grade A or B,Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG)performance status of 0-2,and MPVTT. The patients received either EVBT with stent placement,TACE,and sorafenib(group A,n = 37),or TACE with sorafenib(group B,n = 31). The time to progression(TTP) and overall survival(OS) were evaluated by propensity score *** In the entire cohort,the 6-,12-,and 24-mo survival rates were 88.9%,54.3%,and 14.1% in group A,and 45.8%,0%,and 0% in group B,respectively(P < 0.001). The median TTP and OS were significantly longer in group A than group B(TTP: 9.0 mo vs 3.4 mo,P < 0.001; OS: 12.3 mo vs 5.2 mo,P < 0.001). In the propensity score-matched cohort,the median OS was longer in group A than in group B(10.3 mo vs 6.0 mo,P < 0.001). Similarly,the median TTP was longer in group A than in group B(9.0 mo vs 3.4 mo,P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox analysis revealed that the EVBT combined with stent placement,TACE,and sorafenib strategy was an independent predictor of favorable OS(HR = 0.18,P < 0.001). CONCLUSION EVBT combined with stent placement,TACE,and sorafenib might be a safe and effective palliative treatment option for MPVTT.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma Transarterial chemoembolization Endovascular brachytherapy Main portal vein tumor thrombus Sorafenib

Image guided percutaneous gastrostomy catheter placement: How we do it safely and efficiently

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第4期26卷 383-392页

作者： Sasan Partovi Xin Li Eunice Moon Dustin Thompson Section of interventional radiology Imaging Institute Cleveland Clinic Foundation

Gastrostomy tube is an effective and safe long-term feeding access that is welltolerated by *** typical placement routes include surgical,endoscopic and interventional radiologic *** particular,percutaneous interventional radiologic gastrostomy(PIRG)has increasingly become the preferred method of choice in many *** many PIRG techniques have been developed since the 1980s,there is still a paucity of evidence supporting the choice of a most-optimal PIRG ***,there is a large variation in institutional approach to *** are a large,quaternary academic institution with an extensive experience in ***,we aim to present the“push”PIRG technique utilized in our institution,to review the current literature,to discuss the optimal choice of PIRG technique and to generate further interests in comparison studies.

关键词： Percutaneous interventional radiologic gastrostomy Institutional approach Push technique

Autoimmune pancreatitis in the context of IgG4-related disease:Review of imaging findings

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15177-15189页

作者： Leslie K Lee Dushyant V Sahani Division of abdominal imaging and Intervention Department of RadiologyMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical School

Current understanding of autoimmune pancreatitis (AIP) recognizes a histopathological subtype of the disease to fall within the spectrum of IgG4-related disease. Along with clinical, laboratory, and histopathological data, imaging plays an important role in the diagnosis and management of AIP, and more broadly, within the spectrum of IgG4-related disease. In addition to the defined role of imaging in consensus diagnostic protocols, an array of imaging modalities can provide complementary data to address specific clinical concerns. These include contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for pancreatic parenchymal lesion localization and characterization, endoscopic retrograde and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (ERCP and MRCP) to assess for duct involvement, and more recently, positron emission tomography (PET) imaging to assess for extra-pancreatic sites of involvement. While the imaging appearance of AIP varies widely, certain imaging features are more likely to represent AIP than alternate diagnoses, such as pancreatic cancer. While nonspecific, imaging findings which favor a diagnosis of AIP rather than pancreatic cancer include: delayed enhancement of affected pancreas, mild dilatation of the main pancreatic duct over a long segment, the “capsule” and “penetrating duct” signs, and responsiveness to corticosteroid therapy. Systemic, extra-pancreatic sites of involvement are also often seen in AIP and IgG4-related disease, and typically respond to corticosteroid therapy. imaging by CT, MR, and PET also play a role in the diagnosis and monitoring after treatment of involved sites.

关键词： Autoimmune pancreatitis IgG4-related disease Pancreatic cancer imaging Computed tomography Magnetic resonance Positron emission tomography Review

Extracellular vesicles in Alzheimer’s disease:from pathology to therapeutic approaches

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 18-22页

作者： Marta Garcia-Contreras Avnesh S.Thakor interventional Regenerative Medicine and imaging Laboratory Department of RadiologyStanford UniversityPalo AltoCAUSA

Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive and fatal neurodegenerative disorder that starts many years before the onset of cognitive *** novel biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease has the potential for patient risk stratification,early diagnosis,and disease monitoring in response to therapy.A novel class of biomarkers is extracellular vesicles given their sensitivity and specificity to specific *** addition,extracellular vesicles can be used as novel biological therapeutics given their ability to efficiently and functionally deliver therapeutic *** is critical given the huge unmet need for novel treatment strategies for Alzheimer’s *** review summarizes and discusses the most recent findings in this field.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease brain diagnostic extracellular vesicles isolation methods microglia neurodegenerative diseases neuroinflammation neurons therapy

In Vivo Study on Degradation Behavior and Histologic Response of Pure Magnesium in Muscles

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2017年第5期33卷 469-474页

作者： Shanshan Chen Lili Tan Bingchun Zhang Yonghui Xia Ke Xu Ke Yang Institute of Metal Research Chinese Academy of Sciences department of radiology The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Imaging and Interventional RadiologyLiaoning Province

When an orthopedics device is implanted into bone injury site, it will contact the soft tissue （skeletal muscle, fascia, ligament etc.） except for bone. Magnesium based biodegradable metals are becoming an important research object in orthopedics due to their bioactivity to promote bone healing. In this study, pure Mg rods with and without chemical conversion coating were implanted into the muscle tissue of rabbits. Implants and their surrounding tissues were taken out for weight loss measurement, cross- sectional scanning electron microscopy observation, elemental distribution analysis and histological examination. The results showed that the chemical conversion coating would increase the in vivo cor- rosion resistance of pure Mg and decrease the accumulation of calcium （Ca） and phosphorus （P） elements around the implants. For the bare magnesium implant, both Ca and P contents in the surrounding tissues increased at the initial stage of implantation and then decreased at 12 weeks implantation, while for the magnesium with chemical conversion coating, Ca and P contents in the surrounding tissues de- creased with the implantation time, but were not significant. The histological results demonstrated that there was no calcification in the muscle tissue with implantation of magnesium for up to 12 weeks. The chemical conversion coating not only increased the in vivo corrosion resistance of pure Mg, but also avoided the depositions of Ca and P in the surrounding tissues, meaning that pure magnesium should be biosafe when contacting with muscle tissues,

关键词： Pure magnesium Degradation behavior Histologic response Muscle tissue

Hepatocellular Carcinoma:Diagnosis, Treatment Algorithms, and imaging Appearance after Transarterial Chemoembolization

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2018年第2期6卷 175-188页

作者： Patrick Vande Lune Ahmed K.Abdel Aal Sergio Klimkowski Jessica G.Zarzour Andrew J.Gunn University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine BirminghamALUSA Division of Vascular and interventional radiology Department of RadiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA department of radiology University of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA Division of abdominal imaging Department of RadiologyUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamALUSA

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)is a common cause of cancer-related death,with incidence increasing ***,the overall prognosis for patients with HCC is poor and many patients present with advanced stages of disease that preclude curative *** and interventional radiologists play a key role in the management of patients with *** radiologists can use contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging,and ultrasound to diagnose and stage HCC,without the need for pathologic confirmation,by following established *** staged,the interventional radiologist can treat the appropriate patients with percutaneous ablation,transarterial chemoem-bolization,or ***-up imaging after these liver-directed therapies for HCC can be characterized according to various radiologic response criteria;although,enhancement-based criteria,such as European Association for the Study of the Liver and modified Response Evaluation Criter in Solid Tumors,are more reflective of treatment effect in *** imaging technologies like volumetric analysis,dual-energy CT,cone beam CT and perfusion CT may provide additional benefits for patients with HCC.

关键词： interventional radiology interventional oncology Hepatocellular carcinoma Response criteria Transarterial chemoembolization Diagnostic radiology

Neuroinflammation as a therapeutic target in Huntington's disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第3期20卷 817-818页

作者： Andrea Kwakowsky Thulani H.Palpagama Center for Brain Research and department of Anatomy and Medical imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineGalway Neuroscience CentreUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland

In 1872, George Huntington presented his essay “On Chorea” to the Meigs and Mason Academy of Medicine and, in doing so, detailed a disease that would later bear his name. Huntington's disease(HD) is a genetic, neurodegenerative disease that manifests as the loss of motor control,cognitive impairment,and mood and psychiatric changes in paents.

关键词： Huntington inflammation Medicine

Glial response in the midcingulate cortex in Huntington’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 207-208页

作者： Thulani H.Palpagama Andrea Kwakowsky Center for Brain Research and department of Anatomy and Medical imaging Faculty of Medical and Health SciencesUniversity of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand Pharmacology and Therapeutics School of MedicineGalway Neuroscience CenterUniversity of GalwayGalwayIreland

Huntington’s disease(HD)is a genetic disease characterized by the progressive degeneration of the striatum and *** can present with a variety of symptoms that can broadly be classified into motor symptoms,inclusive of choreatic movements and rigidity,mood and psychiatric symptoms,such as depression and apathy,and cognitive symptoms,such as cognitive *** causal mutation underlying HD results from an expansion of a CAG repeat sequence on the IT15 gene,resulting in the formation and accumulation of a mutant huntingtin protein.

关键词： Huntington degeneration cortex