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Current Phthalate Exposure Risks of Rural Population in the Northwest China: Evidence from an Internal Exposure Study

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Environment & Health 2024年第8期2卷 586-595页

作者： Yawen Zheng Liting Hua Zining Zhang Lin Zhu Hongkai Zhu Hongwen Sun Hongzhi Zhao Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria College of Environmental Science and EngineeringNankai UniversityTianjin 300350China School of Urban and Environmental Sciences Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Earth Surface ProcessesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis Department of ChemistryHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina

Phthalates(PAEs)are synthetic chemicals widely used in industrial and personal consumer products as adhesives or *** have been demonstrated to have toxic effects on the human ***,biological monitoring data for the internal PAE exposure levels of Chinese rural residents are still *** present study investigated the exposure levels of ten phthalate metabolites(mPAEs)of rural residents in Northwest *** results showed that mPAEs were wildly prevalent in urine and the geometric mean concentration ofΣ10mPAEs was 957.02 ng mL^(–1)(adjusted by specific gravity).Mono-n-butyl phthalate(MBP)and metabolites of di(2-ethylhexyl)-phthalate(DEHP)were the most dominant mPAEs in urine,with specific gravity adjusted median concentrations of 174.67 and 156.30 ng mL^(–1),*** concentrations of mPAEs were significantly associated with age,body mass index and economic level(p<0.05).By calculating the percentage and relative conversion rate of DEHP metabolites,it was found that the degree of oxidative metabolism of DEHP in children was significantly higher than that in adults(p<0.05),indicating that the pathway and degree of DEHP oxidation were *** risk assessment showed that 59.12%of rural residents may have a noncancer risk from PAE *** study provides important basis for assessing the occurrence and exposure of urinary phthalate metabolites among rural residents in China.

关键词： Phthalate Metabolites Human Biomonitoring Health Risk Assessment Rural Residents

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A Valorized Scheme for Failure Prediction Using ANFIS: Application to Train Track Breaking System

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2020年第11期10卷 732-757页

作者： Tse Sparthan Wolfgang Nzie Bertin Sohfotsing Tibi Beda Olivier Garro department of Mechanical Engineering National Advance School of Agro-Industrial Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon department of Mechanical Engineering University Institute of Technology Fotso Victor University of Dschang Dschang Cameroon department of Physics Faculty of Science University of Ngaoundere Ngaoundere Cameroon

In the rolling stock sector, the ability to protect passengers, freight and services relies on heavy inborn maintenance. Initiating an accurate model suitable to foresee the change of attitude on components when operating rolling stock systems will assist in reducing lock down and favors heavy productivity. In that light, this paper showcases a suitable methodology to track degradation of components through the blinding of physic laws and artificial intelligent techniques. This model used to foresee failure deterioration rate and remaining useful life (RUL) speculation is case study to showcase its quality and perfection, within which behavioral data are obtained through simulated models initiated in Mathlab. For feature extraction and forecasting issues, different neuro-fuzzy inference systems are designed, learnt and authenticated with powerful outputs gained during this process.

关键词： Failure Prediction (FP) Remaining Useful Life (RUL) Artificial Intelligence (AI) Traintrack System ANFIS Modeling

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Measuring Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Interleukin-1 Beta Levels in Mustard Gas Exposed Patients

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2017年第4期8卷 134-141页

作者： Hoda Sheibani Mohammad Goudarzi Malek Ashtar Esfandiari Fatemeh Rousta Reza Haji Hosseini Graduate of Biochemistry Immunohematology Department Blood Transfusion Center High Institute for Research Center and Education in Transfiusion Medicine Tehran Iran Graduate of Biochemistry Payame Noor University Tehran Iran hygiene department Ministry of Education Tehran Iran department of Microbiology Islamic Azad University Science and Research Branch Tehran Iran department of Biochemistry Payame Noor University Tehran Iran

Sulfur mustard (SM) is an alkalizing chemical which has been used mostly as a weapon all over the world. Sulfur mustard can cause damages to many organs, especially the skin, respiratory system and the eyes. Generally, many complications of mustard gas result from its alkalizing potency and reaction with cellular components like DNA, RNA, proteins and lipid membranes. The damages caused by SM will lead to many complications which persist during the lifespan of exposed subjects. Pro-inflammatory cytokines including especially TNF-α and IL-1β can cause systemic inflammatory reactions and vast changes like altered cell signaling, migration, cytokine production changes and fever. This study was designed to analyze cytokine levels in mustard-gas-exposed people’s serum in the war between Iraq and Iran, who had the chronic dry-eye symptoms compared to the normal group, 30 years after exposure. In this study, 25 veterans who were exposed to mustard gas were compared to 25 healthy people as control group. The veterans with concurrent involvement of eye, lung, and skin were selected. We used ELISA method to assess the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum of people in both groups. All the results analyzed with T-test in SPSS 17 statistical software. The mean levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in serum of chemical exposed veterans were 52.3 ± 1.4 pg/ml and 3.43 ± 0.3 pg/ml while in the control group were 19.5±1.3 pg/ml and 2.25 ± 0.2 pg/ml, respectively. In the control group, the serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels were significantly lower than the exposed group (P < 0.05). This study showed that there is a meaningful difference between TNF-α and IL-1β serum levels in the SM exposed group compared to the control group. There are some differences between the present study and others. However, studies on local inflammatory changes in these patients are also limited and need more reviews.

关键词： Mustard Gas (SM) Cytokine TNF-α and IL-1β

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Simulating Medical Imaging X-Ray Tubes with Various Parameters Using BEAMnrc Monte Carlo Software

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Open Journal of Radiology 2022年第3期12卷 125-141页

作者： Nikolaos Chatzisavvas Thanasis Koustas Georgios Karpetas Ioannis Valais Georgios Priniotakis Dimitrios Nikolopoulos department of industrial Design and Production Engineering University of West Attica Athens Greece department of Medical Physics Medical School University of Patras Patra Greece Medical School University of Thessaly Larissa Greece department of Biomedical Engineering University of West Attica Athens Greece

Context: Medical imaging has a wide range of applications in today’s society. Basic projectional radiography, CT scans, mammograms and a range of other advanced technologies all use x-rays to create a large number of examinations every day across the world. The most essential component of such medical equipment is the x-ray tube, which creates and produces x-rays. Objective: We describe and investigate an abstract model-geometry of a simple x-ray tube utilizing the open-source software package of BEAMnrc of the EGSnrcmp family, which is well validated by several studies over the years, for high and low energy photons generation. Methodology: Our research focuses on two different electron beam energies: 120 keV and 30 keV. The 120 keV is the typical energy for simple projectional radiographic exams and CT examinations, whereas the 30 keV is the typical energy of mammography. Results: Two different anode materials are used for each case, Gold (Au) and Tungsten (W) for 120 keV because these are the most common in projectional radiography and CT;Molybdenum (Mo) and Rhodium (Rh) for 30 keV because with these targets most mammography exams are carried out. The aim of this work is to show how the BEAMnrc software package can simulate effectively x-ray generation of low-energy photons which are utilized in modern medical imaging procedures. We describe useful information on anode-target characteristics, such as anode angle, anode material, and metal filter materials, based on previous quality studies even by using software other than BEAMnrc. Conclusion: We demonstrate that BEAMnrc can be efficiently used for Monte Carlo modeling of low-energy photons.

关键词： Bremsstrahlung Filter Monte Carlo Spectral Distribution X-Ray Tube

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Classification of hyperspectral images for detection of hepatic carcinoma cells based on spectral-spatial features of nucleus

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2020年第1期3卷 123-131页

作者： Yao Chen Siqi Zhu Shenhe Fu Zhen Li Furong Huang Hao Yin Zhenqiang Chen Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Crystal and Laser Technology Guangzhou 510632P.R.China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communications Guangzhou 510632P.R.China department of Optoelectronic Engineering Jinan University Guangzhou 510632P.R.China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of industrial Ultrashort Pulse Laser Technology Shenzhen 518055.P.R.China

A distinguishing characteristic of normal and cancer cells is the difference in their nuclear chromatin content and *** difference can be revealed by the transmission spectra of nuclei stained with a pH-sensitive ***,we used hematoxylin-eosin(HE)to stain hepatic carcinoma tissues and obtained spectral-spatial data from their nuclei using hyper-spectral *** transmission spectra of the nuclei were then used to train a support vector machine(SVM)model for cell ***,we found that the chromatin distribution in cancer cells is more uniform,because of which the correlation coefficients for the spectra at different points in their nuclei are ***,we exploited this feature to improve the SVM *** sensitivity and specificity for the identification of cancer cells could be increased to 99%and 98%,*** also designed an image-processing method for the extraction of information from cell nuclei to automate the identification process.

关键词： Hyperspectral imaging cancer cells biomedical detection

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Extraction of a novel tanning agent from indigenous plant bark and its application in leather processing

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Journal of Leather Science and Engineering 2022年第1期4卷 253-267页

作者： Raju Kumar Das Al Mizan Fatema Tuj Zohra Sobur Ahmed Khondoker Shahin Ahmed Hemayet Hossain Institute of Leather Engineering and Technology(ILET) University of Dhaka44-50HazaribaghDhaka 1209Bangladesh department of Leather Engineering Khulna University of Engineering&Technology(KUET)Khulna 9203Bangladesh department of Leather Engineering Faculty of EngineeringEge University35100 BornovaIzmirTurkey BCSIR Laboratories Chemical Research DivisionBangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research(BCSIR)DhanmondiDhaka 1205Bangladesh

The use of vegetable tanning materials in leather processing has drawn attention as an alternative to basic chromium sulphate for its natural abundance and environmental aspects. In this work, an attempt has been made to extract veg-etable tannins from Xylocarpus granatum bark using different solvents (e.g., water, methanol, ethanol, and chloroform) and compare with conventional vegetable tanning agents such as mimosa and quebracho. The highest extraction efficiency was observed 31.22% by methanol. The presence of tannin content and polyphenolic compounds, e.g. (-)epicatechin (503 mg/100 g dry extract), catechin hydrate (218 mg/100 g dry extract), catechol (29 mg/100 g dry extract) were ensured by UV-Vis, FT-IR spectroscopy and HPLC. Again, condensed tannins, moisture content, and pH of the methanol extracted tannin were found 47.80%, 5.82%, and 3.97 respectively. The leather tanned by Xylocar-pus granatum tannin showed a shrinkage temperature of 86.34 ± 1.52 °C. Other properties such as tensile strength, tear strength, grain cracking load, and distention at grain cracking were comparable to conventional vegetable- tanned leather. The cross-sectional morphology of the tanned leathers was also characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which revealed a compact structure of the leather fibers. In light of the findings from the study, X. granatum bark tannin could be a well alternative to chromium and a new source of vegetable tannin for the leather industry.

关键词： Vegetable tanning agent Strength properties Shrinkage temperature Chrome-free leather Alternative tannin Xylocarpus granatum

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Effect of Silicon Content and Shake-Out Time on Hardness and Grain Size Properties of GL 250 Cast Iron

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Journal of Minerals and Materials Characterization and Engineering 2011年第3期10卷 257-266页

作者： P. Atanda G. Oluwadare O. Oluwole industrial Chemistry department Bells University Nigeria. Materials Science and Engineering Dept. Obafemi Awolowo University Nigeria Mechanical Engineering Dpartment University of Ibadan Nigeria

The properties of cast iron grade GL 250 are dependent on the microstructures developed during casting. These microstructures are in turn dependent on the composition of the alloy, type of mould and other numerous casting practice variables such as shake-out time, pouring temperature, mould ambient conditions and inoculating technique. In this work, the effect of silicon content and shake-out time on the grain size (GS) and hardness properties of GL 250 cast iron was studied using a pouring temperature of 1400℃ and sand mould casting. Using charge materials consisting of pig iron and other additives, GL 250 castings containing silicon contents of 1.7, 2.1 and 2.7% were casted using a constant pouring temperature of 1400℃, molding sand of specified properties and ambient mould temperature of 32℃. Results showed that type A flake type was obtained at 30mins shakeout time for all samples for the C.I composition under study. Increasing shake-out time decreased hardness and increased carbide grain size. Increasing silicon content was observed to increase grain size and reduce free graphite but with resultant decrease in hardness. Two mathematical relationships were derived. One related grain-size to silicon content and shakeout time while the second related Brinnel Hardness to Silicon content and shake-out time. They are: Grain Size=0.40 Si+0.17Shake-out Time-0.15 and BHN=-60.53Si-7.15Shake-out Time+329.35 at 1400℃ pouring temperature in a molding sand of specified properties and sand mould ambient temperature of 32℃.

关键词： Shake-out time Silicon content Hardness Grain-Size GL 250 C.I

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Preparation and Characterization of Raw and Chemically Modified Sponge-Gourd Fiber Reinforced Polylactic Acid Biocomposites

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2018年第2期9卷 281-304页

作者： Taimur -Al-Mobarak Md. Abdul Gafur Md. Forhad Mina department of Physics Bangladesh University of Engineering & Technology (BUET) Dhaka Bangladesh Pilot Plant & Process Development Center Bangladesh Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (BCSIR) Dhaka Bangladesh

This research work has been undertaken to fabricate environmentally friendly biocomposites for biomedical and household applications. Sponge-gourd fibers (SGF) obtained from Luffa cylindrica plant were chemically treated separately using 5 and 10 wt% NaOH, acetic anhydride and benzoyl chloride solutions. SGF reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) biocomposites were fabricated using melt compounding technique. Surface morphological, structural, mechanical and thermal properties, as well as antibacterial activities of raw and chemically modified SGF reinforced PLA (SGF-PLA) composites were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectrometry, X-ray diffractometry, universal testing method, thermogravimetry, and Kirby-Bauer agar diffusion method, respectively. Surface morphology indicates that after treatment of fibers, the interfacial adhesion between PLA and fibers is improved. X-ray diffractometry result shows that chemical treatment of fibers improves the crystallinity and exhibits new chemical bond formation in the composites. After chemical treatment, compressive strength of the composites is found to increase by 10% - 35%. The thermal stability of the treated fiber reinforced composites is also found to increase significantly. The composites have no antibacterial activities and no cytotoxic effect on non-cancer cell line. Soil burial test has confirmed that the composites are biodegradable. Benzoyl chloride treatment of fibers shows superior mechanical properties and enhances thermal stability among the composites.

关键词： Sponge-Gourd Fiber Polylactic Acid Chemical Modification Biocomposites Antibacterial Activities

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Nonaffine Network Structural Model for Molten Low-Density Polyethylene and High-Density Polyethylene in Oscillatory Shear

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Journal of Shanghai University(English Edition) 2002年第4期6卷 292-296页

作者：张娟瞿金平 Polymer Processing Equipment National Engineering and Research Center Department of Industrial Equipment and Control Engineering South China University of Technology Guangzhou China

We propose molten polymer's entanglement network deformation to be nonaffine and use transient network structural theory with the revised Liu's kinetics rate equation and the revised upper convected Maxwell constitutive equation to establish a nonaffine network structural constitutive model for studying the rheological behavior of molten Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) in oscillatory shear. As a result, when the strain amplitude or frequency increases, the shear stress amplitude increases. At the same time, the accuracy of the nonaffine network model is higher than that of affine network model. It is clear that there is a small amount of nonaffine network deformation for LDPE melts which have long chain branches, and there is a larger amount of nonaffine network deformation in oscillatory shear for HDPE melts which has no long chain branches. So we had better consider the network deformation nonaffine when we establish the constitutive equations of polymer melts in oscillatory shear.

关键词： kinetics rate equation nonaffine network structural model nonaffine deformation oscillatory shear.

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Posting of Graphical Bills: An Analytical Perception of Environmental Pollutions in Nigerian Cities

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2017年第10期8卷 1100-1118页

作者： Emmanuel Bankole Oladumiye B. A. Ogunlade F. Kayode Omole department of industrial Design School of Environmental Technology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria department of Fine and Applied Art Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Ogbomoso Nigeria department of Urban and Regional Planning School of Environmental Technology Federal University of Technology Akure Nigeria

More than ever before, environmental preservation has been a critical issue for the survival of the world’s habitat. An attempt to explore global trends in environmental monitoring using numerous ways based on different techniques is an exercise in the right direction. This is expedient, given the recent overwhelming growing rate of environmental pollution of advertisement graphical bills worldwide. Posting of advertisement graphical bills constitutes one of the biggest threats to man and his environment as it now appears and as we live in an age of growing sensitivity to environmental cleanliness. Pollution of the Nigerian cities through advertisement bills assumes the general term of outdoor advertising ranging from hand-printed signs, posters, painted bulletins and spectaculars. However this paper discusses the trends of posting graphic advertisement bills in Nigerian cities. Its impact on aesthetics, as well as the pollution problems associated with the urban development. The study areas are Abuja, Akure, Ibadan and Lagos. In order to ensure that each unit of the population is represented, random sampling technique was used to get the necessary information from the samples. The findings emphasize the importance of strict control and market regulations in posting of advertisement bill in built environment and eradication of pollution of the environment.

关键词： Graphical Bills Pollution Environmental Posting Perception

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