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Information Processing in Agriculture 2021年第2期8卷 284-298页

作者： Niranjan Panigrahi Bhabani Sankar Das Agricultural and food Engineering department Indian Institute of Technology KharagpurWest Bengal 721302India School of Water Energy and EnvironmentCranfield UniversityCranfield MK430ALUK

Optical remote sensing(RS)with robust algorithms is needed for accurate assessment of crop canopy *** intensive studies on algorithms,their performance using RS needs to be *** evaluated five different algorithms(partial-least-squares regression(PLSR),support vector regression(SVR),random forest regression(RFR),locally-weighted-PLSR(PLSRLW)and PLSR with feature selection(PLSRFS))for rapid assessment of leaf area index(LAI)and canopy water content(CWC)for rice canopies using canopy reflectance spectra over visible to short-wave infrared *** pooled datasets of LAI(600)and CWC(480)were collected from two replicated field experiments during 2014–15 and 2015–16 rice growing *** performance of each algorithm was evaluated using coefficient of determination(R^(2)).Results showed that PLSRLW performed more accurately than other algorithms with R^(2) values 0.77 and 0.66 for LAI and CWC,*** also used a bootstrapping approach to generate a kernel density estimator of root mean squared error values for each *** results suggested that the improvement in prediction accuracy of LAI and CWC can be achieved if a suitable algorithm is selected by assigning higher weights to calibration samples,which has similar canopy structure as the test *** of the canopy spectral data results large error values in test dataset,therefore the use of entire season canopy spectral data should be used for model calibration.

关键词： Rice canopy Reflectance spectroscopy Calibration Retrieval algorithms Partial-least-squares regression

Hepatitis B vaccination in patients with inflammatory bowel disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15358-15366页

作者： Ruwaida Ben Musa Anuhya Gampa Sanjib Basu Ali Keshavarzian Garth Swanson Michael Brown Rana Abraham Keith Bruninga John Losurdo Mark DeMeo Sohrab Mobarhan David Shapiro Ece Mutlu Graduate College Rush University Rush University department of Preventive Medicine Rush University department of Gastroenterology and nutrition Rush University department of Medicine Clinical Research Section of GastroenterologyHepatology and NutritionRush University

AIM:To determine the prevalence for hepatitis B virus(HBV) and HBV screening and vaccination practices for inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).METHODS:This study is a retrospective,cross-sectional observational study.A retrospective chart review was performed in 500 patients who have been consecutively treated for IBD between September 2008 and January 2013 at the Rush University Medical Center Gastroenterology *** patients were identified through the electronic medical record with the criteria that they attended the gastroenterology clinic,and that they had a diagnosis of IBD at the time of visit *** identified,each record was analyzed to determine whether the subject had been infected with HBV in the past,already been vaccinated against HBV,or advised to get vaccinated and followed through with the recommended ***:About 254 out of 500 patients(51%) had HBV screening *** those ordered to have screening tests,86% followed through with HBV *** physicians had significantly different screening ratios from each other(P < 0.001).There were no significant differences in the ratios of HBV screening when IBD specialists were compared to other gastroenterology physicians(0.505 ± 0.023 vs 0.536 ± 0.066,P = 0.66).Of those 220 patients screened,51% of IBD patients were found not to be immune against *** 50% of gastroenterology physicians recommended HBV vaccinations to their patients in whom serology was negative for antibodies against *** specialists recommended vaccinations to a higher percentage of their patients compared to other gastroenterology physicians(0.168 ± 0.019 vs 0.038 ± 0.026,P = 0.015).Present and/or past HBV infection was found in 3.6% of the patients who had serology *** was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) between our study and that reported in previous studies done in Spain(4/220 vs 14/2076 respectively,P

关键词： Inflammatory bowel disease Hepatitis B Prevalence

Post-Harvest Handling Practices and Losses for Legumes and Starchy Staples in Uganda

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Agricultural Sciences 2018年第1期9卷 141-156页

作者： Juliet E. Tibagonzeka Grace Akumu Florence Kiyimba Abel Atukwase Julius Wambete Joseph Bbemba John H. Muyonga School of food Technology Nutrition & Bioengineering Makerere University Kampala Uganda National Agricultural Research Organization Entebbe Uganda Volunteer Efforts for Development Concern Kampala Uganda

High postharvest losses in developing countries negate the efforts geared towards improving food security. Poor produce quality including high prevalence of mycotoxin contamination is another significant problem. Appropriate postharvest handling and processing provide opportunities to reduce postharvest losses and improve food safety. This study was aimed at establishing the postharvest handling practices and estimating qualitative and quantitative postharvest losses for maize, millet, sorghum, beans, groundnuts, cassava, and sweet potatoes among farmers in 3 districts (Kamuli, Apac and Nakasongola) in Uganda, representing different agro-ecological zones. The study was done in late August 2014 after the first season harvests (June-August). Farmer interviews, focus group discussions and key informant interviews were used to collect data on postharvest loss estimates and postharvest handling practices. Samples of the different foods were collected and analyzed for physical quality characteristics, mould count and aflatoxin contamination using standard laboratory procedures. The results show predominance of rudimentary and inappropriate postharvest handling methods. Postharvest loss estimates were generally high, with values of 41%, 33%, 33%, 26%, 31%, 22%, 17% and 19% for maize, millet, sorghum, beans, groundnuts, cowpea, sweet potatoes and cassava respectively. The highest loss for all the crops was recorded at storage. Prevalence of aflatoxin contamination was 44%, 91%, 55%, 36%, 35% and 60% for maize, sorghum, groundnuts, millet, sweet potatoes and cassava respectively. Sorghum, maize and groundnuts were found to have the highest aflatoxin contamination levels. Chi-square test (p = 0.024, odds ratio = 5) showed that grain dried on bare ground had higher aflatoxin levels than that dried on a covered surface. The findings of this study reveal a serious need for postharvest interventions as a strategy to address food security.

关键词： Aflatoxins Mould Contamination Postharvest Losses Postharvest Practices Grain Storage Crop Drying

Comparison of blood glucose responses by cane sugar(Saccharum offi cinarum)versus coconut jaggery(Cocos nucifera)in type 2 diabetes patients

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Journal of Future foods 2022年第3期2卷 261-265页

作者： Hewa Pathiranage Dilani Thilanka Hewa Pathirana Isuru Wijesekara Loku Liyana Waduge Chandi Yalegama Chaminda Garusinghe Madhura Arunoda Jayasinghe Kande Pramuditha Waidyarathne Coconut Processing Research Division Coconut Research InstituteLunuwila 61150Sri Lanka department of food Science and Technology Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversity of Sri JayewardenepuraNugegoda 10250Sri Lanka Endocrinology Unit National HospitalColombo 01000Sri Lanka Plant Physiology Division Coconut Research InstituteLunuwila 61150Sri Lanka

Type 2 diabetic mellitus is a predominant metabolic disorder that has a direct impact on human *** scientific data are deficit,coconut jaggery has been suggested as a better alternative for cane sugar by some *** study was conducted to assess the credibility of this *** jaggery was prepared at Coconut Research Institute,Sri Lanka and nutritional composition of coconut jaggery was compared with cane sugar using standard *** higher(P23.0).The mean fasting blood glucose level and HbA1c of the subjects were(149.05±54.88)mg/dL and(9.170±2.022)%,*** was no significant difference(P>0.05)in peak blood glucose concentrations or incremental area under the curve in blood glucose response of two test ***,coconut jaggery cannot be considered as a healthy substitute for cane sugar in type 2 diabetic patients.

关键词： Cane sugar Coconut jaggery Glycemic responses Type 2 diabetes

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以食物为基础的膳食模式与慢性疾病预防

英国医学杂志中文版 2021年第3期24卷 133-138页

作者： Matthias B Schulze Miguel A Martínez-González Teresa T Fung Alice H Lichtenstein Nita G Forouhi 陈夏燕(译) 王燕芳(译) 武阳丰(校) department of Molecular Epidemiology German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-RehbrueckeNuthetalGermany University of Potsdam Institute of Nutritional SciencesNuthetalGermany NutriAct—Competence Cluster nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam Germany department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health University of Navarra-ⅠdiSNAPamplonaSpain CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición(CIBERobn) Instituto de Salud Carlos III(ISCIII)Spain department of nutrition Harvard T H Chan School of Public HealthBostonUSA department of nutrition Simmons CollegeBostonUSA Friedman School of nutrition Science and Policy Tufts UniversityBostonUSA Cardiovascular nutrition Laboratory Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts UniversityBostonUSA Medical Research Council Epidemiology Unit University of CambridgeCambridgeUK 北京大学临床研究所

Matthias B Schulze及其同事讨论了目前已知的膳食模式与癌症、冠心病、卒中及2型糖尿病的关联,重点在仍不确定的领域和未来的研究方向。

关键词：膳食模式 2型糖尿病慢性疾病冠心病

Major cereal carbohydrates in relation to intestinal health of monogastric animals:A review

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Animal nutrition 2019年第4期5卷 331-339页

作者： Tolulope O.Adebowale Kang Yao Abimbola O.Oso University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100008China Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region Institute of Subtropical AgricultureChinese Academy of SciencesHunan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Healthy Livestock and Poultry ProductionScientific Observing and Experimental Station of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South-CentralMinistry of AgricultureChangsha410125China department of Animal nutrition Federal University of AgricultureAbeokutaPMB 2240Nigeria

Type,quality,and origin of cereals in diets of poultry and pigs could influence gut microbes and affect their diversity and function,thereby impacting the intestinal function of the monogastric *** this review,we focus on the major carbohydrates in cereals that interact directly with gut microbes and lead to the production of key metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids(SCFA),and discuss how cereal fiber impact intestinal health of poultry and *** overview of how the cereals and cereals-derived carbohydrates such as beta-glucans,resistant starch,cellulose,and arabinoxylans could promote intestinal health and reduce the use of in-feed antibiotics in animal production are *** metabolic pathway utilized by microbes and the mechanism of action underlying the produced SCFA on intestinal health of monogastric animals is also discussed.

关键词： Arabinoxylans Beta-glucans Resistant starch Cellulose SCFA Intestinal health

Low Ca diet leads to increased Ca retention by changing the gut flora and ileal pH value in laying hens

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Animal nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 270-281页

作者： Sha Jiang Xinyu Zou Miao Mao Mi Zhang Wenjun Tu Meilan Jin Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Animal food Safety College of Veterinary MedicineSouthwest UniversityChongqing400715China Immunology Research Center Medical Research InstituteSouthwest UniversityChongqing402460China Laboratory Animal Center Southwest UniversityChongqing400715China

Osteoporosis is a common degenerative metabolic bone disease in caged laying *** egg production mobilizing large amounts of Ca from bone for eggshell formation,consequently leading to Ca deficiency,has been recognized as a critical factor causing osteoporosis in commercial laying *** aim of this study was to examine the effect of Ca deficiency on the function of the gut microbiotaebone axis and related egg production traits and bone health in laying ***-four 48-week-old laying hens were fed a control diet(Control,3.72%)or a low Ca diet(LC,2.04%)for 60 d(n=12).Compared to the Control hens,the LC hens had higher levels of alkaline phosphatase and tartrate resistant acid phosphatase(P<0.05)with lower bone strength,eggshell thickness,and eggshell strength(P<0.05).In addition,the LC hens had higher plasma estradiol concentrations,while having lower concentrations of interleukin-1(IL-1)and *** LC hens also had a lower pH value in the ileum with an increased Ca *** principal co-ordinates analysis showed significantly separate cecal microbiota populations between the Control and LC *** Prevotellaceae_UCG-001,Subdoligranulum,Peptococcus,and Eubacterium_hallii_group(P<0.05)were higher,while the CHKC1001 and Sutterella(P<0.05)were lower at the genus level in the LC *** addition,Prevotellaceae_UCG-001,Subdoligranulum and Eubacter-ium_hallii_group had a negative correlation,while Sutterella was positively correlated with ileal pH *** transcriptome analysis revealed that the low Ca diet caused 20 and 31 genes to be signifi-cantly up-and down-regulated,*** gene expressions of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator,solute carrier family 26 member 3 of the anion exchangers,and mitogen-activated protein kinase 12 of pro-inflammatory factors were lower in the LC birds,which was corre-lated with the lower ileal pH *** results suggest that the hens with low Ca diet-induced osteoporosis have an incr

关键词： Low Ca diet Ca retention Microbiota Transcriptional profiling Hen

Phylogenetic Analysis and Taste Cell Expression of Calpain 9 in Catfish (<i>Ictalurus punctatus</i>)

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Natural Science 2015年第3期7卷 143-150页

作者： Tetsuya Ookura Eiki Koyama Anne Hansen John H. Teeter Yukio Kawamura Joseph G. Brand Monell Chemical Senses Center Philadelphia USA Division of food Function National Food Research Institute Tsukuba Japan department of Biochemistry School of Dental Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA Division of Orthopedic Surgery The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia USA Cell and Developmental Biology School of Medicine University of Colorado Denver USA department of food and nutrition Kyoto Women’s University Kyoto Japan Veterans Affairs Medical Center University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia USA

The calpains, calcium-activated neutral proteases, play important roles in calcium-regulated intra-cellular signal transduction cascades. Here we report the isolation and initial characterization of a cDNA encoding a calpain 9, digestive tract specific calpain, from catfish taste epithelium. This calpain 9 (Ip-CAPN9a) shares 61% identity with human calpain 9. Phylogenetic analysis provides evidence that catfish calpain 9 and the related enzymes from Oncorhynchus mykiss, Danio rerio, Xenopus laevis, Mus musculus, Rattus norvegicus and Homo sapiens make up a distinct clade within the tissue-specific calpain family. Northern blot analysis reveals that Ip-CAPN9a is predominantly expressed in barbell and digestive tract, but not expressed in brain. An antibody against the N-terminal segment of Ip-CAPN9a recognizes cells within the taste buds in catfish barbells.

关键词： Gene Evolution Taste Novel Type

State of arts on the bio-synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles and their biological application

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2021年第2期34卷 272-290页

作者： Kok Bing Tan Daohua Sun Jiale Huang Tareque Odoom-Wubah Qingbiao Li department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China department of Biomedical Engineering College of Engineering and Computer ScienceWentworth Institute of Technology550 Huntington AvenueBostonMA 02115United States College of food and Biology Engineering Jimei UniversityXiamen 361021China

Nanomaterials are materials in which at least one of the dimensions of the particles is 100 nm and *** are many types of nanomaterials,but noble metal nanoparticles are of interest due to their uniquely large surface-to-volume ratio,high surface area,optical and electronic properties,high stability,easy synthesis,and tunable surface *** importantly,noble metal nanoparticles are known to have excellent compatibility with bio-materials,which is why they are widely used in biological *** synthesis method of noble metal nanoparticles conventionally involves the reduction of the noble metal salt precursor by toxic reaction agents such as NaBH4,hydrazine,and *** is a major drawback for researchers involved in biological application ***,the bio-synthesis of noble metal nanoparticles(NPs)by bio-materials via bio-reduction provides an alternative method to synthesize noble metal nanoparticles which are potentially non-toxic and safer for biological *** this review,the bio-synthesis of noble metal nanoparticle including gold nanoparticle(AuNPs),silver nanoparticle(AgNPs),platinum nanoparticle(PtNPs),and palladium nanoparticle(PdNPs)are first *** is followed by a discussion of these biosynthesized noble metal in biological applications including antimicrobial,wound healing,anticancer drug,and *** on these,it can be concluded that the study on bio-synthesized noble metal nanoparticles will expand further involving bio-reduction by unexplored ***,many questions remain on the feasibility of bio-synthesized noble metal nanoparticles to replace existing methods on various biological ***,the current development of the biological application by bio-synthesized noble metal NPs is still intensively ongoing,and will eventually reach the goal of full commercialization.

关键词： Noble metal nanoparticles Bio-synthesis Bio-templating Bio-material Bio-logical application Nanomaterials

Review: Pathogenesis of cholestatic liver diseases

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World Journal of Hepatology 2020年第8期12卷 423-435页

作者： Raquel T Yokoda Eduardo A Rodriguez department of Anatomic and Clinical Pathology Montefiore Medical CenterAlbert Einstein College of MedicineBronxNY 10467United States department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and NutritionUniversity of UtahSalt Lake CityUT 84132United States

Cholestatic liver diseases(CLD)begin to develop after an impairment of bile flow start to affect the biliary *** actively participate in the liver response to injury and repair and the intensity of this reaction is a determinant factor for the development of *** cholangiopathies may ultimately lead to end-stage liver disease requiring at the end orthotopic liver *** narrative review will discuss cholangiocyte biology and pathogenesis mechanisms involved in four intrahepatic CLD:Primary biliary cholangitis,primary sclerosing cholangitis,cystic fibrosis involving the liver,and polycystic liver disease.

关键词： Cholestasis Cholangitis Epigenomics Immunogenetics Pathogenesis Bile acid