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Mirizzi syndrome:Problems and strategies

Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第3期23卷 234-240页

作者： Jun Wu Shuang-Yong Cai Xu-Liang Chen Zhi-Tao Chen Shao-Hua Shi department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery People’s Hospital of Jiulongpo DistrictChongqing 400050China department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery Shulan(Hangzhou)Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical CollegeHangzhou 310003China

Mirizzi syndrome is a serious complication of gallstone *** is caused by the impacted stones in the gallbladder neck or cystic *** of the features of Mirizzi syndrome is severe inflammation or dense fibrosis at the Calot’s *** our clinical practice,bile duct,branches of right hepatic artery and right portal vein clinging to gallbladder infundibulum are often observed due to gallbladder infundibulum adhered to right hepatic *** intraoperative damage of branches of right hepatic artery occurs more easily than that of bile duct,all of which are hidden pitfalls for *** resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP)and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP)are the preferable tools for the diagnosis of Mirizzi *** cholecystectomy in Mirizzi syndrome is easy to damage branches of right hepatic artery and bile duct due to gallbladder infundibulum adhered to right hepatic *** cholecystectomy is an easy,safe and definitive approach to Mirizzi *** combined with the application of ERCP,a laparoscopic management of Mirizzi syndrome by well-trained surgeons is feasible and *** objective of this review was to highlight its existing problems:(1)low preoperative diagnostic rate,(2)easy to damage bile duct and branches of right hepatic artery,and(3)high concomitant gallbladder ***,the review aimed to discuss the possible therapeutic strategies:(1)to enhance its preoperative recognition by imaging findings,and(2)to avoid potential pitfalls during surgery.

关键词： Mirizzi syndrome Bile duct injury Artery injury Surgical treatment Subtotal cholecystectomy

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Individualized brain mapping for navigated neuromodulation

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Chinese medical Journal 2024年第5期137卷 508-523页

作者： Chaohong Gao Xia Wu Xinle Cheng Kristoffer Hougaard Madsen Congying Chu Zhengyi Yang Lingzhong Fan Sino–Danish College University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China Brainnetome Center National Laboratory of Pattern RecognitionInstitute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science Technical University of DenmarkKongens Lyngby 2800Denmark Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and ResearchCopenhagen University Hospital Amager and HvidovreHvidovre 2650Denmark CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Institute of AutomationChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Health and Life Sciences University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdaoShandong 266000China

The brain is a complex organ that requires precise mapping to understand its structure and *** atlases provide a powerful tool for studying brain circuits,discovering biological markers for early diagnosis,and developing personalized treatments for neuropsychiatric *** techniques,such as transcranial magnetic stimulation and deep brain stimulation,have revolutionized clinical therapies for neuropsychiatric ***,the lack of fine-scale brain atlases limits the precision and effectiveness of these *** in neuroimaging and machine learning techniques have led to the emergence of stereotactic-assisted neurosurgery and navigation ***,the individual variability among patients and the diversity of brain diseases make it necessary to develop personalized *** article provides an overview of recent advances in individualized brain mapping and navigated neuromodulation and discusses the methodological profiles,advantages,disadvantages,and future trends of these *** article concludes by posing open questions about the future development of individualized brain mapping and navigated neuromodulation.

关键词： Brain atlas Individualization Navigated neuromodulation Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging Transcranial magnetic stimulation Deep brain stimulation

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Mitochondria-specific near-infrared photoactivation of peroxynitrite upconversion luminescent nanogenerator for precision cancer gas therapy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第1期14卷 378-391页

作者： Hui Yu Aliya Tiemuer Xufeng Yao Mingyuan Zuo Hai-Yan Wang Yi Liu Xiaoyuan Chen department of Biomedical Engineering School of EngineeringChina Pharmaceutical UniversityNanjing 211198China School of Mechanical Engineering Southeast UniversityNanjing 211189China departments of diagnostic Radiology SurgeryChemical and Biomolecular Engineeringand Biomedical EngineeringYong Loo Lin School of Medicine and College of Design and EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore 119074Singapore Clinical imaging Research Centre Centre for Translational MedicineYong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117599Singapore Nanomedicine Translational Research Program Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore 117597Singapore Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Agency for ScienceTechnologyand Research(A*STAR)ProteosSingapore 138673Singapore

Gas therapy is emerging as a highly promising therapeutic strategy for cancer ***,there are limitations,including the lack of targeted subcellular organelle accuracy and spatiotemporal release precision,associated with gas *** this study,we developed a series of photoactivatable nitric oxide(NO)donors NRh-R-NO(R=Me,Et,Bn,iPr,and Ph)based on an N-nitrosated upconversion luminescent rhodamine *** the irradiation of 808 nm light,only NRh-Ph-NO could effectively release NO and NRh-Ph with a significant turn-on frequency upconversion luminescence(FUCL)signal at 740 nm,ascribed to lower N-N bond dissociation *** also investigated the involved multistage near-infrared-controlled cascade release of gas therapy,including the NO released from NRh-Ph-NO along with one NRh-Ph molecule generation,the superoxide anion O_(2)^(⋅−)produced by the photodynamic therapy(PDT)effect of NRh-Ph,and highly toxic peroxynitrite anion(ONOO‒)generated from the co-existence of NO and O_(2)^(⋅−).After mild nano-modification,the nanogenerator(NRh-Ph-NO NPs)empowered with superior biocompatibility could target *** an 808 nm laser irradiation,NRh-Ph-NO NPs could induce NO/ROS to generate RNS,causing a decrease in the mitochondrial membrane potential and initiating apoptosis by caspase-3 activation,which further induced tumor immunogenic cell death(ICD).In vivo therapeutic results of NRh-Ph-NO NPs showed augmented RNS-potentiated gas therapy,demonstrating excellent biocompatibility and effective tumor inhibition guided by real-time FUCL ***,this versatile strategy defines the targeted RNS-mediated cancer therapy.

关键词： Near infrared Photo-triggered Mitochondrion Upconversion luminescent bioimaging Peroxynitrite Nanogenerator Gas therapy In vivo

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First 150 years of catatonia:Looking back at its complicated history and forward to the road ahead

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第5期14卷 600-606页

作者： Levente Csihi Gabor S Ungvari Stanley N Caroff Gábor Gazdag department of Psychiatry and Psychiatric Rehabilitation Jahn Ferenc South Pest HospitalBudapest 1204Hungary Division of Psychiatry School of MedicineUniversity of Western AustraliaCrawley 6009Western AustraliaAustralia Section of Psychiatry University of Notre DameFremantle 6160Western AustraliaAustralia Behavioral Health Service Corporal Michael J CresenczVeterans Affairs Medical CenterPhiladelphiaPA 19104United States department of Psychiatry University of PennsylvaniaPerelman School of MedicinePhiladelphiaPA 19104United States department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Faculty of MedicineSemmelweis UniversityBudapest 1083Hungary

Karl Ludwig Kahlbaum(1828-1899)was the first to conceptualize and describe the main clinical features of a novel psychiatric illness,which he termed catatonia in his groundbreaking monograph published 150 years *** Kahlbaum postulated catatonia as a separate disease entity characterized by psychomotor symptoms and a cyclical course,a close examination of his 26 cases reveals that most of them presented with motor symptom complexes or syndromes associated with various psychiatric and medical *** his classification system,Kraepelin categorized catatonic motor symptoms that occur in combination with psychotic symptoms and typically have a poor prognosis within his dementia praecox(schizophrenia)disease *** of the substantial influence of Kraepelin’s classification,catatonia was predominantly perceived as a component of schizophrenia for most of the 20th ***,with the advent of the psychopharmacotherapy era starting from the early 1950s,interest in catatonia in both clinical practice and research subsided until the early *** past two decades have witnessed a resurgence of interest in *** diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition,marked a paradigmatic shift by acknowledging that catatonia can occur secondary to various psychiatric and medical *** introduction of an independent diagnostic category termed“Catatonia Not Otherwise Specified”significantly stimulated research in this *** authors briefly review the history and findings of recent catatonia research and highlight promising directions for future exploration.

关键词： Catatonia Historical overview Psychopharmacology diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 Wernicke-Kleist-Leonhard school

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Tacrolimus-induced posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome following liver transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 1-7页

作者： Arthur Dilibe Lakshmi Subramanian Tracy-Ann Poyser Osejie Oriaifo Ryan Brady Sashwath Srikanth Olanrewaju Adabale Olayiwola Akeem Bolaji Hassam Ali department of Medicine ECU Health Medical CenterGreenvilleNC 27834United States department of Medicine Unity Health-White County Medical CenterSearcyAR 72143United States department of Physical Medicine and Rehab ECU Health Medical CenterGreenvilleNC 27834United States department of Medicine University of Maryland Capital Region HealthLargoMD 20774United States Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology East Carolina University/Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27858United States

In this editorial,we talk about a compelling case focusing on posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome(PRES)as a complication in patients undergoing liver transplantation and treated with ***(FK 506),derived from Streptomyces tsukubaensis,is a potent immunosuppressive *** inhibits Tcell transcription by binding to FK-binding protein,and is able to amplify glucocorticoid and progesterone *** effectively prevents allograft rejection in transplant patients but has adverse effects such as Tacrolimus-related *** presents with various neurological symptoms alongside elevated blood pressure,and is primarily characterized by vasogenic edema on *** computed tomography detects initial lesions,magnetic resonance imaging,especially the Fluid-Attenuated Inversion Recovery sequence,is superior for diagnosing cortical and subcortical *** discussion centers on the incidence of PRES in solid organ transplant recipients,which ranges between 0.5 to 5+ACU-,with varying presentations,from seizures to visual *** case of a 66-year-old male status post liver transplantation highlights the diagnostic and management challenges associated with Tacrolimus-related *** evident in the parietal and occipital lobes,PRES underlines the need for heightened vigilance among healthcare *** editorial emphasizes the importance of early recognition,accurate diagnosis,and effective management of PRES to optimize outcomes in liver transplant *** case further explores the balance between the efficacy of immunosuppression with Tacrolimus and its potential neurological risks,underlining the necessity for careful monitoring and intervention strategies in this patient population.

关键词： Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome Liver transplantation Tacrolimus Immunocompromised patients Neurological complications Solid organ transplant

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Tricuspid mass-curious case of Li-Fraumeni syndrome: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2024年第11期12卷 1936-1939页

作者： Tyler Huffaker Stella Pak Anum Asif Prince Otchere department of Cardiology University of Texas Health San AntonioSan AntonioTX 78701United States department of Neurology Albany Medical CenterAlbanyNY 12208United States

BACKGROUND Li-Fraumeni syndrome(LFS)is a rare autosomal dominant cancer-predisposing syndrome,which can manifest as a polymorphic spectrum of *** is associated with an early onset in life,with the majority of cases occurring prior to the age of *** the infrequency of primary cardiac tumors,it behooves clinicians to remain vigilant in considering the differential diagnosis of such tumors in LFS patients who present with a cardiac *** is due to the markedly elevated risk for malignancy in this particular population,far surpassing that of the general *** SUMMARY Herein,we present a case of a 30-year-old female with LFS who was found to have a tricuspid valve leaflet *** This case exemplifies valuable learning points in the diagnostic approach for this exceptionally rare patient population.

关键词： Li-Fraumeni syndrome Cardiac mass Intracardiac thrombus Transesophageal echocardiogram Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging Case report

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Ductal carcinoma in situ within a fibroadenoma:A case report and review of literature

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World Journal of Radiology 2024年第3期16卷 58-68页

作者： Yazmin Olivares-Antúnez Yesika Janett Dávila-Zablah JoséRaúl Vázquez-Ávila Gabriela Sofía Gómez-Macías María Teresa Mireles-Aguilar Margarita Lilia Garza-Montemayor department of diagnostic Breast imaging Center Hospital Zambrano HellionTecnológico de MonterreyNuevo León 66260Mexico department of Patology Service Hospital San JoséTecnológico de MonterreyNuevo León 64710Mexico department of Faculty of Medicine Hospital Universitario de la UANLNuevo León 64710Mexico. department of Breast Surgery Center Hospital Zambrano HellionTecnológico de MonterreyNuevo León 66260Mexico

BACKGROUND Fibroadenoma(FA)is the most common tumor found in young women,although it can occur in any age *** carcinoma in situ(DCIS)that is confined in a FA is rare;it is most frequently reported as an incidental *** SUMMARY We report a case of DCIS within a FA in a 46-year-old female without cancerrelated personal and family *** patient was diagnosed with a breast conglomerate of nodules and was followed for 1 *** the current control image study,we found suspicious microcalcification,as a new finding,within one of the ***,a core biopsy of the tumor,which appeared hypoechoic,oval,and circumscribed,was *** pathological diagnosis was ductal carcinoma in situ within a fibroepithelial *** patient underwent breastconserving surgery and received radiotherapy as well as endocrine therapy(tamoxifen).CONCLUSION We recommend a multidisciplinary approach for adequate treatment and followup.

关键词： Carcinoma in situ Fibroadenoma Mammography Ultrasound Magnetic resonance imaging Radiology Case report

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Magnetic resonance imaging-based lymph node radiomics for predicting the metastasis of evaluable lymph nodes in rectal cancer

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2024年第5期16卷 1849-1860页

作者： Yong-Xia Ye Liu Yang Zheng Kang Mei-Qin Wang Xiao-Dong Xie Ke-Xin Lou Jun Bao Mei Du Zhe-Xuan Li department of Radiology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University&Jiangsu Cancer Hospital&Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjing 210011Jiangsu ProvinceChina department of Colorectal Surgery Jiangsu Cancer Hospital and Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210000Jiangsu ProvinceChina1 department of Pathology The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University&Jiangsu Cancer Hospital&Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjing 210011Jiangsu ProvinceChina Colorectal Center The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University&Jiangsu Cancer Hospital&Jiangsu Institute of Cancer ResearchNanjing 210011Jiangsu ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Lymph node(LN)staging in rectal cancer(RC)affects treatment decisions and patient *** radiologists,the traditional preoperative assessment of LN metastasis(LNM)using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)poses a *** To explore the value of a nomogram model that combines Conventional MRI and radiomics features from the LNs of RC in assessing the preoperative metastasis of evaluable *** In this retrospective study,270 LNs(158 nonmetastatic,112 metastatic)were randomly split into training(n=189)and validation sets(n=81).LNs were classified based on pathology-MRI *** MRI features[size,shape,margin,T2-weighted imaging(T2WI)appearance,and CE-T1-weighted imaging(T1WI)enhancement]were *** radiomics models used 3D features from T1WI and T2WI ***,a nomogram model combining conventional MRI and radiomics features was *** model used univariate analysis and multivariable logistic *** employed the receiver operating characteristic curve,with DeLong test for comparing diagnostic *** performance was assessed using calibration and decision curve *** The nomogram model outperformed conventional MRI and single radiomics models in evaluating *** the training set,the nomogram model achieved an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.92,which was significantly higher than the AUCs of 0.82(P<0.001)and 0.89(P<0.001)of the conventional MRI and radiomics models,*** the validation set,the nomogram model achieved an AUC of 0.91,significantly surpassing 0.80(P<0.001)and 0.86(P<0.001),*** The nomogram model showed the best performance in predicting metastasis of evaluable LNs.

关键词： Radiomics Lymph node metastasis Rectal cancer Magnetic resonance imaging

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Transperineal laser ablation of the prostate as a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: The results of a Delphi consensus project

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Asian Journal of Urology 2024年第2期11卷 271-279页

作者： Andrea Cocci Marta Pezzoli Fernando Bianco Franco Blefari Pierluigi Bove Francois Cornud Gaetano De Rienzo Paolo Destefanis Danilo Di Trapani Alessandro Giacobbe Luca Giovanessi Antonino Laganà Giovanni Lughezzani Guglielmo Manenti Gianluca Muto Gianluigi Patelli Novello Pinzi Stefano Regusci Giorgio I.Russo Juan I.M.Salamanca Matteo Salvi Luigi Silvestri Fabrizio Verweij Eric Walser Riccardo GBertolo Valerio Iacovelli Alessandro Bertaccini Debora Marchiori Hugo Davila Pasquale Ditonno Paolo Gontero Gennaro Iapicca Theo M De Reijke Vito Ricapito Pierluca Pellegrini Andrea Minervini Sergio Serni Francesco Sessa department of Urology Careggi HospitalUniversity of FlorenceFlorenceItaly Urology Section University of FlorenceFlorenceItaly Urological Research Network MiamiFLUSA Urology Section Prato HospitalPratoItaly Torvergata Oncoscience Research Centre of Excellence TORDepartment of Experimental MedicineUniversity of Rome Tor VergataRomeItaly department of Urology San Carlo di Nancy HospitalRomeItaly department of Radiology Hôpital CochinParis Descartes UniversityParisFrance Urology and Andrology Unit II Department of Emergency and Organ TransplantationUniversity of BariBariItaly Unit of Urology Cittàdella Salute e della Scienza HospitalUniversity of TurinTurinItaly Urology Unit Buccheri La Ferla Fatebenefratelli HospitalPalermoItaly department of Urology Humanitas Gradenigo HospitalTurinItaly Urology Unit Surgical DepartmentFondazione Poliambulanza Istituto OspedalieroBresciaItaly Departement of Urology “S.Giovanni Evangelista”HospitalTivoliItaly Humanitas Clinical and Research CentereIRCCS Department of UrologyRozzanoItaly department of Biomedical Sciences Humanitas UniversityPieve EmanueleItaly department of Biomedicine and Prevention University of Rome“Tor Vergata”RomeItaly department of diagnostic imaging and Interventional Radiology University of Rome“Tor Vergata”RomeItaly department of Interventional Radiology Pesenti-Fenaroli Hospital-ASST Bergamo EstAlzano LombardoItaly department of Urology University of SienaSienaItaly Swiss International Prostate Center GenevaSwitzerland Clinique Générale Beaulieu GenevaSwitzerland department of Urology University of CataniaItaly department of Urology Puerta de Hierro-Majadahonda University HospitalMadridSpain Lyx Institute of Urology Universidad Francisco de VitoriaMadridSpain department of Medico-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies Sapienza University of RomeFaculty of Pharmacy and MedicineUrology Unit ICOTLatinaItaly department of Urology European Institute of Oncology(IEO)IRCCSMilanItaly department of Radiology D

Objective: To evaluate transperineal laser ablation (TPLA) with Echolaser® (Echolaser® TPLA, Elesta S.p.A., Calenzano, Italy) as a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa) using the Delphi consensus ***: Italian and international experts on BPH and PCa participated in a collaborative consensus project. During two rounds, they expressed their opinions on Echolaser® TPLA for the treatment of BPH and PCa answering online questionnaires on indications, methodology, and potential complications of this technology. Level of agreement or disagreement to reach consensus was set at 75%. If the consensus was not achieved, questions were modified after each round. A final round was performed during an online meeting, in which results were discussed and ***: Thirty-two out of forty invited experts participated and consensus was reached on all topics. Agreement was achieved on recommending Echolaser® TPLA as a treatment of BPH in patients with ample range of prostate volume, from 80 mL (80%), comorbidities (100%), antiplatelet or anticoagulant treatment (96%), indwelling catheter (77%), and strong will of preserving ejaculatory function (100%). Majority of respondents agreed that Echolaser® TPLA is a potential option for the treatment of localized PCa (78%) and recommended it for low-risk PCa (90%). During the final round, experts concluded that it can be used for intermediate-risk PCa and it should be proposed as an effective alternative to radical prostatectomy for patients with strong will of avoiding urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction. Almost all participants agreed that the transperineal approach of this organ-sparing technique is safer than transrectal and transurethral approaches typical of other techniques (97% of agreement among experts). Pre-procedural assessment, technical aspects, post-procedural catheterization, pharmacological therapy, and expected outcomes were discussed, leading t

关键词： Transperineal laser ablation Prostatecancer Benignprostatic hyperplasia Delphi consensus

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The differential effects of integrase strand transfer inhibitors and efavirenz on neuropsychiatric conditions and brain imaging in HIV-positive men who have sex with men

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生物安全与健康(英文) 2024年第04期06卷 216-224页

作者： He Yihui Zhang Yang Zhen Jiaxin Sun Guangqiang Li Zhen Yang Bo Yang Bin Chang Keyi Chen Xue Zhang Yulin Guo Caiping Wang Wen Wu Ping Zhang Tong Wang Lei Postgraduate Union Training Base of Jinzhou medical University PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center Beijing China department of Neurology PLA Rocket Force Characteristic Medical Center Beijing China Center for Infectious Disease Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research Beijing China Beijing Institute for Sexually Transmitted Disease Control Beijing China Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and National Center for Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection Capital Medical University Beijing China The Second Hospital of Beijing Beijing China department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Beijing Youan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing China National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Dependence Peking University Beijing China Key Discipline for Neuroscience of the Ministry of Education Department of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Peking University Health Science Center Beijing China

Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) have emerged as the first-line choice for treating human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection due to their superior efficacy and safety. However, the impact of INSTIs on the development of neuropsychiatric conditions in people living with HIV (PLWH) is not fully understood due to limited data. In this study, we conducted a cross-sectional examination of PLWH receiving antiretroviral therapy, with a specific focus on HIV-positive men who have sex with men (MSM) on INSTI-based regimens (n = 61) and efavirenz (EFV)-based regimens (n = 28). Participants underwent comprehensive neuropsychiatric evaluations and multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans, including T1-weighted images and resting-state functional MRI. Compared to the EFV group, the INSTI group exhibited primarily reduced gray matter volume (GMV) in the right superior parietal gyrus, higher regional homogeneity (ReHo) in the left post-central gyrus, lower ReHo in the right orbital part of the inferior frontal gyrus, and increased voxel-wise functional connectivity for the seed region in the left inferior temporal gyrus with clusters in the right cuneus. Furthermore, the analysis revealed a main effect of antiretroviral drugs on GMV changes, but no main effect of neuropsychiatric disorders or their interaction. The repeated analysis of participants who did not switch regimens confirmed the GMV changes in the INSTI group, validating the initial findings. Our study demonstrated gray matter atrophy and functional brain changes in PLWH on INSTI-based regimens compared to those on EFV-based regimens. These neuroimaging results provide valuable insights into the characteristics of brain network modifications in PLWH receiving INSTI-based regimens.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) Efavirenz (EFV)

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