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New insights into the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in microglia

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1397-1398页

作者： Veronika E.Neubrand M.Rosario Sepúlveda department of cell biology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of GranadaGranadaSpain

Microglial cells are the only resident immune cells in the central nervous system and constitute its frontline *** are extremely reactive against infections,trauma,or toxins,but are also responsible for mediating inflammation,taking part in the pathogenic course of many neuropathologies(Sierra et al.,2019).cell-specific staining,ultrastructural analysis by transmission electron microscopy(TEM),or two-photonmicroscopy imaging have been relevant for the characterization of microglia as well as their cell-cell interactions。

关键词： inflammation reticulum

Oncogenic MORC2 in cancer development and beyond

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第2期11卷 861-873页

作者： Shan Zhang Ayao Guo Huan Wang Jia Liu Chenshuang Dong Junyi Ren Guiling Wang Key Laboratory of cell biology Department of Cell BiologyMinistry of Public Health and Key Laboratory of Medical Cell BiologyMinistry of EducationChina Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110122China department of Breast Surgery The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110001China

Microrchidia CW-type zinc finger 2(MORC2)is a member of the MORC superfamily of nuclear *** evidence has shown that MORC2 not only participates in gene transcription and chromatin remodeling but also plays a key in human disease and tumor development by regulating the expression of downstream oncogenes or tumor *** present review provides an updated overview of MORC2 in the aspect of cancer hallmark and therapeutic resistance and summarizes its upstream regulators and downstream target *** systematic review may provide a favorable theoretical basis for emerging players of MORC2 in tumor development and new insight into the potential clinical application of basic science discoveries in the future.

关键词： Cancer development Hallmarks of cancer MORC2 Therapeutic target Treatment resistance

TRAIL and Celastrol Combinational Treatment Suppresses Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion of Human Glioblastoma cells via Targeting Wnt/β-catenin Signaling Pathway

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2024年第4期30卷 322-329页

作者： QIN Jing-jing NIU Meng-da CHA Zhe GENG Qing-hua LI Yu-lin REN Chun-guang David P.Molloy YU Hua-rong Research Center of neuroscience School of Basic Medical SciencesChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing(400016)China Laboratory of Developmental biology Department of Cell Biology and GeneticsSchool of Basic Medical SciencesChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing(400016)China department of Biochemistry and Molecular biology School of Basic Medical SciencesChongqing Medical UniversityChongqing(400016)China

Objective To investigate the mechanistic basis for the anti-proliferation and anti-invasion effect of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand(TRAIL)and celastrol combination treatment(TCCT)in glioblastoma *** cell counting kit-8 was used to detect the effects of different concentrations of celastrol(0-16µmol/L)and TRAIL(0-500 ng/mL)on the cell viability of glioblastoma cells.U87 cells were randomly divided into 4 groups,namely control,TRAIL(TRAIL 100 ng/mL),Cel(celastrol 0.5µmol/L)and TCCT(TRAIL 100 ng/mL+celastrol 0.5µmol/L).cell proliferation,migration,and invasion were detected by colony formation,wound healing,and Transwell assays,*** reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were performed to assess the levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition(EMT)markers(zona occludens,N-cadherin,vimentin,zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox,Slug,and β-catenin).Wnt pathway was activated by lithium chloride(LiCl,20 mol/L)and the mechanism for action of TCCT was *** Celastrol and TRAIL synergistically inhibited the proliferation,migration,invasion,and EMT of U87 cells(Pcells(Pcell migration,invasion,and EMT,potentially through inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin *** underlies a novel mechanism of action for TCCT as an effective therapy for glioblastoma.

关键词： celastrol Chinese medicine tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-induced ligand glioblastoma β-catenin Tripterygium wilfordii

Drug repurposing: A novel strategy to target cancer stem cells and therapeutic resistance

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Genes & Diseases 2024年第1期11卷 148-175页

作者： Divya Ajmeera Rajanna Ajumeera cell biology department ICMR-National Institute of Nutrition(NIN)HyderabadTelangana 500007India

Chemotherapy is an effortless and frequently used approach in cancer ***,in most cases,it can only prolong life expectancy and does not guarantee a complete ***,chemotherapy is associated with severe adverse effects,one of the major complications of effective cancer *** addition,newly published research outputs show that cancer stem cells are involved in cancer disease progression,drug resistance,metastasis,and recurrence and that they are functional in the trans-differentiation capacity of cancer stem cells to cancer cells in response to *** strategies are therefore required for better management of cancer *** prime approach would be to synthesize and develop novel drugs that need extensive resources,time,and endurance to be brought into therapeutic *** subsequent approach would be to screen the anti-cancer activity of avail-able non-cancerous *** concept of repurposing non-cancer drugs as an alternative to current cancer therapy has become popular in recent years because using existing anticancer drugs has several adverse *** have also been investigated for cancer ther-apy due to their significant anti-cancer effects with negligible or no side effects and availabil-ity in food *** this paper,we discuss an ideal hypothesis for screening available non-cancerous drugs with anticancer activity,with a focus on cancer stem cells and their clinical application for cancer ***,drug repurposing and the combination of micronu-trients that can target both cancers and cancer stem cells may result in a better therapeutic approach leading to maximum tumor growth control.

关键词： Cancerstem cells Chemotherapy Combination therapy micronutrients Non-cancer drugs Novel strategies

Brain dysfunctions and neurotoxicity induced by psychostimulants in experimental models and humans:an overview of recent findings

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1908-1918页

作者： Marcello Serra Nicola Simola Alexia E.Pollack Giulia Costa department of Biomedical Sciences Section of NeuroscienceUniversity of CagliariCagliariItaly department of biology University of Massachusetts-BostonBostonMAUSA

Preclinical and clinical studies indicate that psychostimulants,in addition to having abuse potential,may elicit brain dysfunctions and/or neurotoxic *** toxicity induced by psychostimulants may pose serious health risks since the recreational use of these substances is on the rise among young people and *** present review provides an overview of recent research,conducted between 2018 and 2023,focusing on brain dysfunctions and neurotoxic effects elicited in experimental models and humans by amphetamine,cocaine,methamphetamine,3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine,methylphenidate,caffeine,and *** elucidation of factors and mechanisms that underlie psychostimulant-induced brain dysfunction and neurotoxicity is crucial for understanding the acute and enduring noxious brain effects that may occur in individuals who use psychostimulants for recreational and/or therapeutic purposes.

关键词： 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine amphetamine caffeine cell cultures cocaine methamphetamine methylphenidate neurotoxicity nicotine

Neurogenesis dynamics in the olfactory bulb:deciphering circuitry organization, function, and adaptive plasticity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1565-1581页

作者： Moawiah M.Naffaa department of Psychology and neuroscience Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA department of cell biology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA

Adult neurogenesis persists after birth in the subventricular zone, with new neurons migrating to the granule cell layer and glomerular layers of the olfactory bulb, where they integrate into existing circuitry as inhibitory interneurons. The generation of these new neurons in the olfactory bulb supports both structural and functional plasticity, aiding in circuit remodeling triggered by memory and learning processes. However, the presence of these neurons, coupled with the cellular diversity within the olfactory bulb, presents an ongoing challenge in understanding its network organization and function. Moreover,the continuous integration of new neurons in the olfactory bulb plays a pivotal role in regulating olfactory information processing. This adaptive process responds to changes in epithelial composition and contributes to the formation of olfactory memories by modulating cellular connectivity within the olfactory bulb and interacting intricately with higher-order brain regions. The role of adult neurogenesis in olfactory bulb functions remains a topic of debate. Nevertheless, the functionality of the olfactory bulb is intricately linked to the organization of granule cells around mitral and tufted cells. This organizational pattern significantly impacts output, network behavior, and synaptic plasticity, which are crucial for olfactory perception and memory. Additionally, this organization is further shaped by axon terminals originating from cortical and subcortical regions. Despite the crucial role of olfactory bulb in brain functions and behaviors related to olfaction, these complex and highly interconnected processes have not been comprehensively studied as a whole. Therefore, this manuscript aims to discuss our current understanding and explore how neural plasticity and olfactory neurogenesis contribute to enhancing the adaptability of the olfactory system. These mechanisms are thought to support olfactory learning and memory, potentially through increased

关键词： network adaptability neurogenesis neuronal communication olfactory bulb olfactory learning olfactory memory synaptic plasticity

Aberrant adult neurogenesis in intractable epilepsy:can GABAergic progenitor transplantation normalize this process?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第7期19卷 1419-1420页

作者： Muhammad N.Arshad Janice R.Naegele department of biology Wesleyan UniversityMiddletownCTUSA department of neuroscience Tufts University School of MedicineBostonMAUSA

Temporal lobe epilepsy(TLE) is a common type of focal epilepsy characterized by seizure foci within the temporal *** surgical resection of the foci is an established and effective approach for controlling seizures,both temporal lobes cannot be removed,due to their prominent roles in learning and ***,seizures induce changes to the temporal lobes that contribute to hyperexcitability,including mossy fiber sprouting,astrogliosis.

关键词： epilepsy progenitor seizures

A toast to a zebrafish germ cell induction cocktail

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第6期67卷 1314-1315页

作者： Mary C.Mullins department of cell and Developmental biology University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of MedicinePhiladelphia 19104USA

The zebrafish field is ringing in the new year with a publication from Yonghua Sun's laboratory(Wang et al.,2023)of a cocktail of germline factors that can induce all cells of the zebrafish embryo into primordial germ cells(PGCs)at phenomenal *** major advance is not only of great interest to germ cell biologists,but it has important applications to the entire zebrafish field,as shown in Wang et al.(2023).

关键词： fish zebra field

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Use of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived brain cells,organoids,assembloids,and blood-brain barrier models in understanding alcohol and anesthetic-induced brain injuries:an emerging perspective

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第5期19卷 953-954页

作者： Xiaowen Bai department of cell biology Neurobiology&AnatomyMedical College of WisconsinMilwaukeeWIUSA

Neurological disorders,including developmental disorders,Alzheimer’s disease(AD),and psychiatric conditions,have significant social and economic impacts *** extensive research into the underlying mechanisms of these disorders,effective treatments remain elusive,partly due to the complexity of the brain,the limited availability of human brain tissue,and the blood-brain barrier(BBB)’s impermeability to certain *** perspective article discusses the potential of human induced pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)-based models of brain cells,organoids,assembloids,and BBB to advance our understanding of the etiology,progression,and mechanisms of brain injuries induced by alcohol consumption and general *** models could also be used to develop protective and therapeutic approaches.

关键词： injuries protective drugs