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Effect of plastic mulch on crop yield and land degradation in south coastal saline soils of Bangladesh

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International soil and Water Conservation Research 2018年第4期6卷 317-324页

作者： Mohammad Asadul Haque Muhammad Jahiruddin Derek Clarke department of soil science Patuakhali Science and Technology UniversityBangladesh department of soil science Bangladesh Agricultural UniversityMymensinghBangladesh department of Civil and Environmental engineering University of SouthamptonUK

The experiment was conducted during dry season of 2016 and 2017 at farmer's field of Kalapara Upazila of Patuakhali district, Bangladesh to develop tools to reduce salinity impact in maize and to reduce salinity induced land degradation. There were five treatments in the experiment having three different color plastic mulch (blue, black and white) and rice straw mulch and a non mulch control (bare soil) treatment. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments white, blue and black plastic film mulch, and rice straw much had 149%, 109%, 78% and 25% grain yield increase in 2016, and 173%, 117%, 99% and 47% in 2017 over control, respectively. The white plastic mulch treatment had 4 ℃ and 3.5 ℃ higher temperature over rice straw mulch treatment and 2.0 ℃ higher than the control treatment in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The black plastic mulch had 0.2 and 1.0 ℃, and rice straw mulch had 2.0 and 1.5 ℃ lower temperature than control in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Use of plastic mulch significantly reduces electrical conductivity of soil. In non-mulch treatment sulfur content was extremely high;plastic mulch rather helps to decrease the excess availability of sulfur. The overall results suggest that use of plastic mulch would be a suitable tool for enhancing maize production maintaining good soil health in saline soils.

关键词： Land degradation Maize Plastic mulch Saline soil Straw mulch

Water Repellency in Calcareous soils Under Different Land Uses in Western Iran

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Pedosphere 2014年第3期24卷 378-390页

作者： P.AELAMANESH M.R.MOSADDEGHI A.A.MAHBOUBI B.AHRENS A.A.SAFARI SINEGANI department of soil science College of Agriculture Bu-Ali Sina University department of soil science College of Agriculture Isfahan University of Technology School of engineering University of Guelph department of Geography University of Guelph

soil wettability and water repellency, two important soil physical properties, play an important role in water retention and water conductivity in arid and semi-arid regions. To date, there is a lack of information on soil water repellency in calcareous soils of western lran. In this study, soil water repellency and its affecting factors were studied using 20 soil series collected from Hamadan Province~ western Iran. The effects of soil properties including organic carbon content （SOC）, total nitrogen （TN）, C：N ratio, texture, CaCO3 content, and both fungal and bacterial activities on water repellency were investigated using air-dried, oven-dried and heated soil samples. Water repellency index （WRI） was determined using the short-time sorptivity （water/ethanol） method. To distinguish the actual effects of SOC, a set of soil samples were heated at 300 ~C to remove SOC and then WRI was measured on the heated samples. Relative water repellency index （RWRI） was defined as the change of WRI due to heating relative to the oven-dry WRI value. Results of the WRI values showed that the soils were sub-critically water-repellent. Pasture soils had higher WRI values compared to tilled soils, resulting from high SOC and TN, and high activities of bacteria and fungi. It was observed that SOC, TN, fungal activity, and SOC：clay ratio had significant positive impacts on WRI. Strong positive correlations of RWRI with SOC, TN and fungal activity were also observed. Pedotransfer functions derived for predicting WRI showed that the WRI values had an increasing trend with the increases in fungal activity, salinity, alkalinity and fine clay content, but showed a decreasing trend with increasing bacterial activity.

关键词： calcareous soils pedotransfer functions soil sorptivity soil wettability water repellency index

Efect of Post-Irrigation Aeration on Growth and Quality of Greenhouse Cucumber

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Pedosphere 2013年第6期23卷 790-798页

作者： NIU Wen-Quan FAN Wen-Tao N.PERSAUD ZHOU Xiao-Bo Institute of soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F University College of Water Resources and Architectural engineering Northwest A&F University department of Crop and soil Environmental sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University department of Agricultural & biosystems engineering Iowa State University

Rhizosphere aeration, irrigation with aerated water, and post-irrigation aeration would positively impact crop growth and yield. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of 4 post-irrigation aeration levels on plant growth, yield, irrigation-use efficiency （IUE）, and fruit market and nutritional quality of greenhouse cucumber under subsurface drip irrigation （SDI） and furrow irrigation （FI）. The post-irrigation aeration levels were 0.00, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 times half the estimated porosity of the plot rhizosphere. The experimental design was a two-faetor split-plot in randomized complete blocks with irrigation （FI and SDI） as the main treatments and 4 aeration levels as the sub-treatments. Ridge and furrow main plots （2.4 m ~ 2.4 m） with 4 ridges were replicated 5 times. Each of the 4 ridges （1.44 m2 in area） in the main plots was used as a sub-treatment plot. The results showed that post-irrigation aeration enhanced greenhouse cucumber plant growth, yield, IUE, and fruit market and nutritional quality. These parameters generally increased with increasing aeration levels under both FI and SDI. The aeration effect was generally higher under SDI than FI, and the IUE under SDI was almost twice that under FI. Further investigation would be required to elucidate the plant physiological mechanisms and soil processes responsible for the observed effects.

关键词： fruit quality furrow irrigation irrigation-use efficiency rhizosphere subsurface drip irrigation

Modeling and experimental validation of heat transfer and energy consumption in an innovative greenhouse structure

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2016年第3期3卷 157-174页

作者： Morteza Taki Yahya Ajabshirchi Seyed Faramarz Ranjbar Abbas Rohani Mansour Matloobi department of biosystems engineering Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of TabrizIran department of Mechanical engineering Mechanical Engineering FacultyUniversity of TabrizIran department of biosystems engineering Faculty of AgricultureFerdowsi University of MashhadIran department of Horticultural science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of TabrizTabrizIran

The commercial greenhouse is one of the most effective cultivation methods with a yield per cultivated area up to 10 times more than free land cultivation but the use of fossil fuels in this production field is very *** objectives of this paper are to modeling and experimental evaluation of heat and mass transfer functions in an innovative solar greenhouse with thermal *** this propose,a semi-solar greenhouse was designed and constructed at the North-West of Iran in Azerbaijan Province(38100N and 46180E with elevation of 1364 m above the sea level).The inside environment factors include inside air temperature below screen(Ta),inside air temperature above screen(Tas),crop temperature(Tc),inside soil temperature(Ts),cover temperature(Tri)and thermal screen temperature(Tsc)were collected as the experimental data *** dynamic heat and mass transfer model used to estimate the temperature in six different points of the semi-solar greenhouse with initial values and consider the crop *** results showed that dynamic model can predict the inside temperatures in four different points(Ta,Tc,Tri,Ts)with MAPE,RMSE and EF about 5-7%,1-2℃ and 80-91%for greenhouse without thermal screen and about 3-7%,0.6-1.8C and 89-96%for six different points of greenhouse with thermal screen(Ta,Tc,Tri,Ts,Tas,Tsc),*** results of using thermal screen at night(12 h)in autumn showed that this method can decrease the use of fossil fuels up to 58%and so decrease the final cost and air *** movable insulation caused about 15℃ difference between outside and inside air temperature and also made about 6℃ difference between Ta and *** experimental results showed that inside thermal screen can decrease the crop temperature fluctuation at night.

关键词： Semi-solar greenhouse Dynamic model Thermal screen Energy saving

Interface structure between epitaxial NiSi_2 and Si

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Journal of University of science and Technology Beijing 2006年第6期13卷 558-563页

作者： Wei-Long Liu Wen-Jauh Chen Ting-Kan Tsai Hsun-Heng Tsai Shu-Huei Hsieh department of Materials engineering Formosa University Yunlin China Taipei Graduate Institute of Materials engineering Pingtung University of Science and Technology 1 Pingtung China Taipei department of biosystems engineering Pingtung University of Science and Technology 1 Pingtung China Taipei

The interface structure between the Si and NiSi2 epitaxially grown on the （112） Si substrate was studied using high resolution transmission electron microscopy and computer image simulation. The results showed that the interface between Si and NiSi2 epitaxially grown on the （ 112 ） Si substrate has six different types： type A NiSi2 （111 ）/（ 111 ） Si, type A NiSi2 （001）/（001） Si, type B NiSi2 （ 111 ）/（ 111） Si, type B NiSi2 （ 112 ）/（ 1 12 ） Si, type B NiSi2 （ 271 ）/（001） Si, and type B NiSi2 （ 114 ）/（ 110 ） Si. And there are one or more different atomic structures for one type of interface.

关键词： nickel silicide interface high resolution image simulation atomic structure

Mechanical and thermal properties of sodium silicate treated moso bamboo particles reinforced PVC composites

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science China(Technological sciences) 2010年第11期53卷 2932-2935页

作者： WANG Hui SHENG KuiChuan CHEN Jie MAO HaiLiang QIAN XiangQun School of biosystems engineering and Food science Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310029China

The main objective of this research was to study the potential of sodium silicate modification on moso bamboo particles as reinforcements for thermoplastic. Moso bamboo particles were modified with sodium silicate aqueous solutions (of 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 5% and 10% concentrations). The mechanical properties of sodium silicate treated moso bamboo particles reinforced PVC composites (BPPC) were calculated and compared with raw bamboo particles filled samples. The thermal characteristics of the BPPC were studied to investigate the feasibility of sodium silicate treatment on moso bamboo particles. The particle morphology and BPPC microstructure were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that the tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of the BPPC increased before the concentration of sodium silicate solution reached 5% and got their maximum values of 15.72 MPa and 2956.80 MPa, respectively at 5% concentration. The modulus of rupture obtained the maximum value of 27.73 MPa at 2% concentration. The mechanical curve decreased as the concentration of solution went higher. Differential scanning calorimetric analysis illustrated that the sodium silicate solution treated BPPC possesses a better compatibility. More uniform dispersion of moso bamboo particles in PVC matrix was obtained after the sodium silicate treatment. Hence, the sodium silicate was a feasible and competitive agent of creating moso bamboo particles reinforced PVC composites.

关键词： composites moso bamboo particles polyvinylchloride mechanical properties thermal property

Multi-analyte biosensor interface for real-time monitoring of 3D microtissue spheroids in hanging-drop networks

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2016年第1期2卷 204-212页

作者： Patrick M.Misun Jörg Rothe Yannick R.F.Schmid Andreas Hierlemann Olivier Frey ETH Zürich Department of Biosystems Science and EngineeringBio Engineering LaboratoryMattenstrasse 26Basel CH-4058Switzerland

Microfluidics is becoming a technology of growing interest for building microphysiological systems with integrated read-out *** we present the integration of enzyme-based multi-analyte biosensors into a multi-tissue culture platform for‘body-on-a-chip’*** microfluidic platform is based on the technology of hanging-drop networks,which is designed for the formation,cultivation,and analysis of fluidically interconnected organotypic spherical three-dimensional(3D)microtissues of multiple cell *** sensor modules were designed as small glass plug-ins featuring four platinum working electrodes,a platinum counter electrode,and an Ag/AgCl reference *** were placed directly into the ceiling substrate from which the hanging drops that host the spheroid cultures are *** electrodes were functionalized with oxidase enzymes to enable continuous monitoring of lactate and glucose through *** biosensors featured high sensitivities of 322±41 nA mM^(−1) mm^(−2) for glucose and 443±37 nA mM^(−1) mm^(−2) for lactate;the corresponding limits of detection were below 10μ*** proposed technology enabled tissue-size-dependent,real-time detection of lactate secretion from single human colon cancer microtissues cultured in the hanging ***,glucose consumption and lactate secretion were monitored in parallel,and the impact of different culture conditions on the metabolism of cancer microtissues was recorded in real-time.

关键词： biosensor body on a chip glucose hanging drop lactate metabolism spheroid

Field scale measurement of greenhouse gas emissions from land applied swine manure

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Frontiers of Environmental science & engineering 2017年第3期11卷 19-33页

作者： Devin L. Maurer Jacek A. Koziel Kelsey Bruning department of Agricultural and biosystems engineering Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA

Greenhouse gas emissions （GHGs） from swine production systems are relatively well researched with the exception of emissions from land application of manure. GttGs inventories are needed for process- based modeling and science-based regulations. Thus, the objective of this observational study was to measure GHG fluxes from land application of swine manure on a typical corn field. Assessment of GHG emissions from deep injected land-applied swine manure, Phil and reapplication in the spring, on a typical US Midwestern corn-on-corn farm was completed. Static chambers were used Ibr flux measurement along with gas analysis on a GC-FID-ECD＋ Measured gas concentrations were used to estimate GHGs flux using four different models： linear regression, nonlinear regression, first order linear regression and the revised Hutchinson and Mosier （HMR） model, respectively for *** flux esmnates after manure apphcatmn of 5.85×10 g·ha^-1（1 ha = 0.01 km） of CO2 6.60×10^1g·ha^-1 of CH4 and3.48 ×10^3g·ha^-1 N2O for the fall trial and 3.11×10^6g·ha^-1 of CO2,2.95×10^3g·ha^-1 of OH4, and 1.47×10^4g·ha^-1 N2O after the spnng reapphcation trial were observed. The N2O net cumulative flux represents 0.595% of nitrogen applied in swine manure for the fall trial.

关键词： Climate change Emissions Greenhouse gases Land application Swine manure

Closed-loop drip irrigation control using a hybrid wireless sensor and actuator network

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science China(Information sciences) 2011年第3期54卷 577-588页

作者： FRANZEN Aaron department of biosystems and Agricultural engineering Oklahoma State University

In this research, a closed-loop drip irrigation control hybrid wireless sensor and actuator network (HWSAN) prototype were developed and deployed in a crop field for soil property precise measurement and precision irrigation in accordance with the measured soil property. The HWSAN was composed of a wireless sensor and actuator network (WSAN) used for in-field soil property monitoring and irrigation control and a laboratory supervising system. The WSAN included ten sensor nodes, five irrigation control nodes, a central node, a gateway and a cellular modem. The laboratory supervising system was formed by a web-server. The system could automatically sample soil properties including soil moisture, electrical conductivity, and nearsurface temperature at four different depths underground and transmit field data through cellular network to the web-server. Closed-loop control was achieved through the control nodes listening uploading packets from its paired sensor nodes to control drip irrigation. Results from the quality of service (QoS) evaluation included: the data packet transmission rate was 84.76%, data accuracy rate was greater than 97% and no in-field data transmission errors.

关键词： wireless sensor network drip irrigation soil property monitoring precision agriculture