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Emerging evidence of the physiological role of hypoxia in mammary development and lactation

Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2014年第3期5卷 262-272页

作者： Yong Shao Feng-Qi Zhao Laboratory of Lactation and Metabolic physiology Department of Animal ScienceUniversity of Vermont

Hypoxia is a physiological or pathological condition of a deficiency of oxygen supply in the body as a whole or within a tissue. During hypoxia, tissues undergo a series of physiological responses to defend themselves against a low oxygen supply, including increased angiogenesis, erythropoiesis, and glucose uptake. The effects of hypoxia are mainly mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 （HIF-1）, which is a heterodimeric transcription factor consisting of o and 13 subunits. HIF-1β is constantly expressed, whereas HIF-1α is degraded under normal oxygen conditions. Hypoxia stabilizes HIF-1α and the HIF complex, and HIF then translocates into the nucleus to initiate the expression of target genes. Hypoxia has been extensively studied for its role in promoting tumor progression, and emerging evidence also indicates that hypoxia may play important roles in physiological processes, including mammary development and lactation. The mammary gland exhibits an increasing metabolic rate from pregnancy to lactation to support mammary growth, lactogenesis, and lactation. This process requires increasing amounts of oxygen consumption and results in localized chronic hypoxia as confirmed by the binding of the hypoxia marker pimonidazole HCI in mouse mammary gland. We hypothesized that this hypoxic condition promotes mammary development and lactation, a hypothesis that is supported by the following several lines of evidence： i） Mice with an HIF-1α deletion selective for the mammary gland have impaired mammary differentiation and lipid secretion, resulting in lactation failure and striking changes in milk compositions; ii） We recently observed that hypoxia significantly induces HIF-1α- dependent glucose uptake and GLUT1 expression in mammary epithelial cells, which may be responsible for the dramatic increases in glucose uptake and GLUT1 expression in the mammary gland during the transition period from late pregnancy to early lactation; and iii） Hypoxia and HIF-1α increase the phospho

关键词： Glucose transporter Hypoxia Hypoxia inducible factor Lactation Mammary development Metabolism

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Who is who after spinal cord injury and repair? Can the brain stem descending motor pathways take control of skilled hand motor function?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第11期10卷 1735-1736页

作者： Guillermo García-Alías V.Reggie Edgerton department of Integrative biology and physiology University of California

Over the last years,anatomical,electrophysiological and genetic studies have carefully dissected the pathways connecting the brain and the spinal *** and Kuypers（1968）described the organization of the descending motor pathways in the non-human primate spinal *** there are some differences between species regarding the precise anatomical location of each spinal pathway and the selective connectivity onto spinal interneurons and motoneurons, the pattern of organization described is con- served among the mammalian spinal cord （Courtine et al., 2007）. Based on their description, the major descending motor pathways are grouped depending on their anatomical origin and their termi- nal distribution pattern in the spinal grey matter. The motor cortex projects corticospinal axons to the spinal cord, which mostly run in the contralateral cord and innervate the mid and dorsal grey matter neurons.

关键词： stem Who is who after spinal cord injury and repair

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In vitro activities of acetonic extracts from leaves of three forage legumes(Calliandra calotyrsus,Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena diversifolia) on Haemonchus contortus

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2011年第2期4卷 125-128页

作者： Wabo Pone J Kenne Tameli Florence Mpoame Mbida Pamo Tedonkeng E Bilong Bilong CF department of animal biology Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DschangP O Box 067 DschangCameroon department of animal Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of DschangP O Box 222 DschangCameroon department of animal biology and physiology Laboratory of General BiologyFaculty of ScienceUniversity of Yaounde 1PO Box 812 YaoundeCameroon

Objective:To assess ovicidal activity of three acetonic extracts from the leaves of three forage legume,Calliandra calotyrsus(***),Gliricidia sepium(***) and Leucaena diversifolia(***) in vitro on Haemonchus contortus(***).Methods:Eggs were exposed for 24 hours to five different concentrations(0.075,0.15,0.3,0.6 and 1.25 mg/mL) of acetonic extracts at room temperature(24℃).Distilled water and 0.4%Tween were used in the bioassay as negative ***:The later did not affect embryonation and egg hatching of ***,significant effects were obtained with the acetonic extracts of leaves of all three plants and the maximum activity was observed with the highest concentration (1.25 mg/mL).The acetonic extract of *** was found to be more active(2.9%and 0.0% for embryonation and egg hatching,respectively) than the other substances 16.5%and 33.5%, respectively for ***,33.7%and 33.3%,respectively for L ***: These results suggest that the three forage legumes do possess ovicidal properties and further studies on larvae should be carried out.

关键词： Extract Calliandra calotyrsus Gliricidia sepium Leucaena diversifolia Mebendazole Haemonchus contortus Cameroon

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Effects of Crassocephalum bauchiense (Hutch) leaf aqueous extract on toxicity indicators and reproductive characteristics in Oryctolagus cuniculus exposed to potassium dichromate

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2019年第6期8卷 276-282页

作者： Ferdinand Ngoula Margaret Mary Momo Chongsi Omer Bébé Kenfack Ngouateu Alexane Marquise Ndekeng Makona Augustave Kenfack Bertin Narcisse Vemo Joseph Tchoumboue department of animal Science Faculty of Agronomy and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of DschangCameroon department of animal biology and physiology Faculty of SciencesUniversity of Yaounde ICameroon

Objective:To evaluate the effects of Crassocephalum(C.)bauchiense(Hutch)leaf aqueous extract on the biochemical markers of toxicity,oxidative stress indicators and reproductive parameters in rabbit does(Oryctolagus cuniculus)exposed to potassium ***:A total of 36 nulliparous and sexually mature female rabbit does,aged 8 months and weighing 2.8-3.0 kg,were divided into 6 groups of 6 *** mating,group T0 received distilled water(1 mL/kg body weight),while groups T0-,VC100,AE100,AE200 and AE400 were treated with 40 mg/mL/kg body weight of potassium *** addition,group VC100 received 100 mg/mL/kg body weight of vitamin C,while groups AE100,AE200 and AE400 received aqueous extract of *** leaves at 100,200 and 400 mg/mL/kg body weight,by oral gavage for 27 days,*** the 28th daypost-co?tum,animals were *** indicators such as creatinine,urea,alanine amino tranferase,aspartate amino transferase,total protein and total cholesterol were measured by using a *** stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone and progesterone were measured by enzyme-linked immuno sorbent *** stress markers like malondialdehyde,catalase,superoxide dismutase and total peroxidase in ovary homogenates were measured by ***:Serum concentrations of urea,creatinine,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and total cholesterol were significantly higher(P<0.05),and total protein level was significantly lower in T0-group(receiving potassium dichromate only)compared to other *** of ethanolic extract of *** significantly decreased serum concentrations of urea,creatinine,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase and total cholesterol,and significantly increased total protein ***,ethanolic extract of *** no significant effect on the foetotoxic *** serum concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone and l

关键词： Crassocephalum bauchiense Foetotoxicity Potassium dichromate Rabbit doe Reproduction

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Delayed treatment of secondary degeneration following acute optic nerve transection using a combination of ion channel inhibitors

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第2期12卷 307-316页

作者： Nathanael J.Yates Marcus K.Giacci Ryan L. O'Hare Doig Wissam Chiha Bethany E. Ashworth Jade Kenna Carole A. Bartlett Melinda Fitzgerald department of Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences School of Animal Biology The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia department of Experimental and Regenerative Neurosciences School of Anatomy Physiology and Human Biology The University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia

Studies have shown that a combined application of several ion channel inhibitors immediately after central nervous system injury can inhibit secondary degeneration. However, for clinical use, it is necessary to determine how long after injury the combined treatment of several ion channel inhibitors can be delayed and efficacy maintained. In this study, we delivered Ca^2＋ entry-inhibiting P2X7 receptor antagonist oxidized-ATP and AMPA receptor antagonist YM872 to the optic nerve injury site via an iPRECIO-@ pump immediately, 6 hours, 24 hours and 7 days after partial optic nerve transection surgery. In addition, all of the ion channel inhibitor treated rats were administered with calcium channel antagonist lomerizine hydrochloride. It is important to note that as a result of implantation of the particular pumps required for programmable delivery of therapeutics directly to the injury site, seromas occurred in a significant proportion of animals, indicating infection around the pumps in these animals. Improvements in visual function were observed only when treatment was delayed by 6 hours; phosphorylated Tau was reduced when treatment was delayed by 24 hours or 7 days. Improvements in structure of node/paranode of Ranvier and reductions in oxidative stress indicators were also only observed when treatment was delayed for 6 hours, 24 hours, or 7 days. Benefits of ion channel inhibitors were only observed with time-delayed treatment, suggesting that delayed therapy of Ca^2＋ ion channel inhibitors produces better neuroprotective effects on secondary degeneration, at least in the presence of seromas.

关键词： nerve regeneration optic nerve injury neurotrauma secondary degeneration seromas calcium channel inhibitor node of Ranvier Tau phosphorylation lipid peroxidation oxidative stress neural regeneration

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SPORTS1.0: A Tool for Annotating and Profiling Non-coding RNAs Optimized for rRNA-and tRNA-derived Small RNAs

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2018年第2期16卷 144-151页

作者： Junchao Shi Eun-A Ko Kenton M.Sanders Qi Chen Tong Zhou department of physiology and Cell biology University of Nevada Reno School of Medicine

High-throughput RNAoseq has revolutionized the process of small RNA （sRNA） discovery, leading to a rapid expansion of sRNA categories. In addition to the previously wellcharacterized sRNAs such as microRNAs （miRNAs）, piwi-interacting RNAs （piRNAs）, and small nucleolar RNA （snoRNAs）, recent emerging studies have spotlighted on tRNA-derived sRNAs （tsRNAs） and rRNA-derived sRNAs （rsRNAs） as new categories of sRNAs that bear versatile functions. Since existing software and pipelines for sRNA annotation are mostly focused on analyzing miRNAs or piRNAs, here we developed the sRNA annotation pipeline _optimized for rRNA- and tRNA-derived s_RNAs （SPORTS 1 .0）. SPORTS1.0 is optimized for analyzing tsRNAs and rsRNAs from sRNA-seq data, in addition to its capacity to annotate canonical sRNAs such as miRNAs and piRNAs. Moreover, SPORTS1.0 can predict potential RNA modification sites based on nucleotide mismatches within sRNAs. SPORTS1.0 is precompiled to annotate sRNAs for a wide range of 68 species across bacteria, yeast, plant, and animal kingdoms, while additional species for analyses could be readily expanded upon end users＇ input. For demonstration, by analyzing sRNA datasets using SPORTS1.0, we reveal that distinct signatures are present in tsRNAs and rsRNAs from different mouse cell types. We also find that compared to other sRNA species, tsRNAs bear the highest mismatch rate, which is consistent with their highly modified nature. SPORTS1.0 is an opensource software and can be publically accessed at https：//***/junchaoshi/sports1.0.

关键词： Small RNA RNA-seq data analysistsRNA rsRNA Annotation pipeline

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GLP1 and GIP are involved in the action of synbiotics in broiler chickens

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Journal of animal Science and Biotechnology 2018年第2期9卷 451-459页

作者： Pawel Antoni Kolodziejski Maciej Sassek Daniela Chalupka Natalia Leciejewska Leszek Nogowski Pawel Mackowiak Damian Jozefiak Katarzyna Stadnicka Maria Siwek Marek Bednarczyk Tomasz Szwaczkowski Ewa Pruszynska-Oszmalek department of animal physiology and Biochemistry Poznan University of Life Sciences department of animal Nutrition and Feed Management Poznan University of Life Sciences department of animal Biochemistry and Biotechnology UTP University of Science and Technology department of Genetics and animal Breeding Poznan University of Life Sciences

Background: In order to discover new strategies to replace antibiotics in the post-antibiotic era in meat-type chicken production, two new synbiotics were tested:(Lactobacillus salivarius IBB3154 plus galactooligosaccharide(Syn1) and Lactobacillus plantarum IBB3036 plus raffinose family oligosaccharides(Syn2).Methods: The synbiotics were administered via syringe, using a special automatic system, into the egg air chamber of Cobb 500 broiler chicks on the 12 thday of egg incubation(2 mg of prebiotics + 105 cfu bacteria per egg).Hatched roosters(total 2,400) were reared on an experimental farm, kept in pens(75 animals per pen), with free access to feed and water. After 42 d animals were slaughtered. Blood serum, pancreas, duodenum and duodenum content were ***: Syn2 increased trypsin activity by 2.5-fold in the pancreas and 1.5-fold in the duodenal content. In the duodenum content, Syn2 resulted in ca 30% elevation in lipase activity and 70% reduction in amylase ***1 and Syn2 strongly decreased expression of m RNA for GLP-1 and GIP in the duodenum and for GLP-1 receptors in the pancreas. Simultaneously, concentrations of the incretins significantly diminished in the blood serum(P < 0.05). The decreased expression of incretins coincides with changed activity of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and in the duodenal content. The results indicate that incretins are involved in the action of Syn1 and Syn2 or that they may even be their target. No changes were observed in key hormones regulating metabolism(insulin, glucagon, corticosterone, thyroid hormones, and leptin) or in metabolic indices(glucose,NEFA, triglycerides, cholesterol). Additionally, synbiotics did not cause significant changes in the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in broiler chickens. Simultaneously, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase diminished after Syn2 and Syn1, ***: The selected synbiotics may be used as

关键词： GIP GLP-1 Incretins In ovo Synbiotics

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Testing the potential mechanisms for the maintenance of a genetic color polymorphism in bluefin killifish populations

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Current Zoology 2018年第6期64卷 733-743页

作者： Ashley M.JOHNSON Chia-Hao CHANG Rebecca C.FULLER department of animal biology School of Integrative BiologyUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignChampaignIL 61820USA

The maintenance of genetic variation in the face of natural selection is a long-standing question in evolutionary *** the bluefin killifish Lucania goodei,male coloration is *** can produce either red or yellow coloration in their anal fins,and both color morphs are present in all *** 2 morphs are heritable and how they are maintained in nature is ***, we tested 2 mechanisms for the maintenance of the red/yellow color *** frequency-dependent mating success predicts that rare males have a mating advantage over common males. Spatial variation in fitness predicts that different color morphs have an advantage in different microhabitat *** a breeding experiment,we tested these hypotheses by creating populations with different ratios of red to yellow males (5 red:1 yellow;1 red:5 yellow)and determining male mating success on shallow and deep spawning *** found no evidence of negative frequency-dependent mating *** morphs tended to have higher mating success, and this was particularly so on shallow spawning ***,on deep substrates,red males enjoyed higher mating success than yellow males,particularly so when red males were rare. However,yellow males did not have an advantage at either depth nor when *** suggest that preference for red males is expressed in deeper water,possibly due to alterations in the lighting ***,male pigment levels were correlated with one another and predicted male mating ***,pigmentation plays an important role in male mating success.

关键词： carotenoid color polymorphism environmental heterogeneity melanin negative frequency dependence pterin

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Hepatic lipid metabolism changes in short-and long-term prehepatic portal hypertensive rats

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第42期12卷 6828-6834页

作者： Maria-Angeles Aller Elena Vara Cruz García Maria-Paz Nava Alejandra Angulo Fernando Sánchez-Patán Ana Calderón Patri Vergara Jaime Arias SurgeryⅠ department School of Medicine Complutense University of Madrid Spain Biochemical and Molecular biology department School of Medicine Complutense University of Madrid Spain animal physiology department (physiology Ⅱ) School of Biological Sciences Complutense University of Madrid Spain physiology Unit. Veterinary School Autonoma University of Barcelona Bellaterra Catalua Spain

AIM: To verify the impairment of the hepatic lipid metabolism in prehepatic portal hypertension. METHODS: The concentrations of free fatty acids, diacylglycerol, triglycerides, and phospholipids were assayed by using D-[U-14C] glucose incorporation in the different lipid fractions and thin-layer chromatography and cholesterol was measured by spectrophotometry, in liver samples of Wistar rats with partial portal vein ligation at short- (1 mo) and long-term (1 year) (i.e. portal hypertensive rats) and the control rats. RESULTS: In the portal hypertensive rats, liver phospholipid synthesis significantly decreased (7.42 ± 0.50 vs 4.70 ± 0.44 nCi/g protein; P < 0.01) and was associated with an increased synthesis of free fatty acids (2.08 ± 0.14 vs 3.36 ± 0.33 nCi/g protein; P < 0.05), diacylglycerol (1.93 ± 0.2 vs 2.26 ± 0.28 nCi/g protein), triglycerides (2.40 ± 0.30 vs 4.49 ± 0.15 nCi/g protein) and cholesterol (24.28 ± 2.12 vs 57.66 ± 3.26 mg/g protein; P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Prehepatic portal hypertension in rats impairs the liver lipid metabolism. This impairment consists in an increase in lipid deposits (triglycerides,diacylglycerol and cholesterol) in the liver, accompanied by a decrease in phospholipid synthesis.

关键词： Portal hypertension Free fatty acids Diacylglycerides Triglycerides Phospholipids Cholesterol

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Analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of hydroalcoholic extracts of Malva sylvestris, Carum carvi or Medicago sativa, and their combination in a rat model

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2020年第2期18卷 181-188页

作者： Masoud Seddighfar Sayid Mahdi Mirghazanfari Masoumeh Dadpay department of physiology and Iranian Medicine School of MedicineAJA University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran department of animal biology School of BiologyCollege of ScienceUniversity of TehranTehran ***Iran department of Pathology School of MedicineAJA University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the hydroalcoholic extracts of Malva sylvestris flowers or Carum carvi and Medicago sativa seeds, alone and in combination, which have been used in traditional Iranian ***: Male Wistar rats were divided into 6 treatment groups: distilled water, sodium salicylate(SS),M. sylvestris extract(600 mg/kg), C. carvi extract(600 mg/kg), M. sativa extract(300 mg/kg) and combined extract(including 300 mg/kg M. sylvestris and C. carvi extracts, and 150 mg/kg M. sativa extract). The formalin pain model was used to evaluate the antinociceptive effects of the treatments. For anti-inflammatory effect, acute(one hour after injection) and chronic(during a week after injection)paw inflammation was measured after subcutaneous injection of 2.5% formalin in the ***, tissue samples from all groups were prepared for histopathological ***: The combined extract significantly inhibited the nociception in the acute phase of the formalin test(P < 0.001). In the chronic phase, all the extracts and SS had significant analgesic effect(P < 0.001).Analgesic activity of the combined extract was significantly stronger than SS(P < 0.01). In the acute inflammation model, M. sylvestris, C. carvi and the combined drug had significant inhibitory effects against paw edema(P < 0.05). All extracts, individually and in combination, significantly alleviated chronic paw inflammation(P < 0.01). The combined extract had much more anti-inflammatory activity than SS(P < 0.05). Histopathological results indicated improvement and reduction of inflammatory factors in the treatment ***: M. sylvestris, C. carvi and M. sativa have analgesic and anti-inflammatory ***, each of these extracts or a mixture of them might be a valuable alternative drug to control pain and inflammation.

关键词： Analgesic Anti-inflammatory Formalin test Malva sylvestris Carum carvi Medicago sativa

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