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Toll-like receptor 4 polymorphisms and bacterial infections in patients with cirrhosis and ascites

World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第1期10卷 124-133页

作者： Edilmar Alvarado-Tapias Carlos Guarner-Argente Elida Oblitas Elisabet Sánchez Silvia Vidal Eva Román Mar Concepción Maria Poca Cristina Gely Oana Pavel Juan Camilo Nieto Cándido Juárez Carlos Guarner Germán Soriano department of Gastroenterology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelona 08025Spain Instituto de Salud Carlos III Institut de Recerca IIBSant PauUniversitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra(Cerdanyola del Vallès)08193Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas(CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid 28029Spain department of Immunology Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelona 08025Spain Escola Universitària d’Infermeria EUI-Sant Pau Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelona 08025Spain

AIM To assess the relationship between the presence of toll-like receptor 4(TLR4) polymorphisms and bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients with ascites. METHODS We prospectively included consecutive patients with cirrhosis and ascites hospitalized during a 6-year period. Patients with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection or any other immunodeficiency, patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma(beyond Milan's criteria) or any other condition determining poor short-term prognosis, and patients with a permanent urinary catheter were excluded. The presence of D299 G and/or T399 I TLR4 polymorphisms was determined by sequencing and related to the incidence and probability of bacterial infections, other complications of cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and mortality during follow-up. A multivariate analysis to identify predictive variables of mortality in the whole series was performed. RESULTS We included 258 patients: 28(10.8%) were carriers of D299G and/or T399I TLR4 polymorphisms(polymorphism group) and 230 patients were not(wildtype group). The probability of developing any bacterial infection at one-year follow-up was 78% in the polymorphism group and 69% in the wild-type group(P = 0.54). The one-year probability of presenting infections caused by gram-negative bacilli(51% vs 44%, P = 0.68), infections caused by gram-positive cocci(49% vs 40%, P = 0.53), and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(29% vs 34%, respectively, P = 0.99) did not differ between the two groups. The oneyear probability of transplant-free survival was 55% in the polymorphism group and 66% in the wild-type group(P = 0.15). Multivariate analysis confirmed that age, Child-Pugh score, active alcohol intake, previous hepatic encephalopathy, hepatocellular carcinoma and serum creatinine were associated with a higher risk of death during follow-up. CONCLUSION Genetic polymorphisms D299 G and/or T399 I of TLR4 do not seem to play a relevant role in the predisposition of cirrhotic patie

关键词： Cirrhosis Genetic polymorphisms Toll-like receptor 4 Bacterial infections Ascites

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Using a modified PAP/RAC model and GIS-for mapping water erosion and causal risk factors:Case study of the Asfalou watershed,Morocco

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第2期10卷 254-272页

作者： Jad Tahouri Abdelhamid Sadiki L'houcine Karrat Verner Carl Johnson Ngai weng Chan Zhang Fei Hsiang Te Kung departement des Sciences de la Terre Université Sidi Mohammed Ben AbdellahFaculté des Sciences Dhar MahrazLaboratoire de GeosciencesEnvironnement et Ressources Associées(LGERA)B.P.1796FèsAtlasMorocco International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth’s Interior(IASPEI) Japan department of Physical and Environmental Sciences Colorado Mesa UniversityGrand JunctionCO81501USA School of Humanities University Sains Malaysia11800PenangMalaysia Resources and Environment department Xinjiang UniversityUrumqi830046People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Ministry of EducationXinjiang UniversityUrumqi830046People's Republic of China Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Wisdom City and Environment Modeling Urumqi830046People's Republic of China departments of Earth Sciences The University of MemphisMemphisTN38152USA

Our work focuses on the assessment of trends,erosion states and causal risk factors for soil erosion of the Asfalou watershed through the use of the Priority Actions Program/Regional Activity Center(PAP/RAC).This qualitative study model for water erosion makes it possible to assess susceptibility and determine potential fragile areas in order to diagnose the state of soil *** adopted the PAP/RAC crossed matrices,the geographic information system(GIS)and remote sensing(RS)to develop the classical *** method is based on three main approaches:predictive,descriptive and *** soil types,slope length(LS)and climatic factors into our model,including rainfall erosivity(R),slope exposure,soil moisture index(SMI)and land surface temperature(LST),improved the reli-ability of our *** correlation analysis identified these factors that explain erosion states and the risk of soil *** coefficients of determination(R2)of the various erosive states resulting from the modified PAP/RAC approach explain respectively 98.30%,77%and 49.3%of the observed variability of the erosive *** factors provide information on the current state of soil degradation depending on the degree of influence of the different factors that control *** descriptive approach has shown that soil loss manifests itself in different forms,whether for sheet erosion(L)and ravines(C1)succes-sively affecting 79.95%and 17.84%of the *** integration approach identifies factors and areas requiring intervention to counter the effects of soil erosion in the Asfalou watershed effectively and sustainably.

关键词： Modified PAP/RAC Model GIS Water erosion Causative factors Soil erosion

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EFFECTS OF SPECTRAL dePENdeNCE IN PASS-THROUGH PHOTON-BASED BIOMEDICAL TRANSILLUMINATION

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Journal of Innovative Optical Health Sciences 2009年第3期2卷 235-244页

作者： PAULINO VACAS-JACQUES MARIJA STROJNIK GONZALO PAEZ Centro de Investigaciones en Optica Apartado Postal 1-94837000LeonGuanajuatoMexico

We have proposed an interferometric setup for biomedical analysis in transillumination *** dependence of optical properties must be considered for selecting source and sam*** expansion of the sample optical properties,around the central wavelength of emission,serves to account for spectral *** spectral values depend on the central moments of the source,and specific constants associated to the optical properties of the *** matching wavelength characteristics of source and sample,a first-order approximation is *** such case,the expected values are exactly the optical properties evaluated at the central ***,in the first-order approximation,the transillumination interferometer yields the integrated attenuation of the sample at the central wavelength of *** verify the latter assertion by performing a wavelength-dependent Monte Carlo analysis to calculate the response of the transillumination *** attenuation coefficients,for imaging and characterization scenarios,are in agreement with the value computed at the central wavelength of the source.

关键词： Transillumination wavelength-dependent Monte Carlo tissue characterization tissue imaging.

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Drought stress triggers alterations of adaxial and abaxial stomatal development in basil leaves increasing water-use efficiency

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Horticulture Research 2023年第6期10卷 96-109页

作者： Elisa Driesen Maurice de Proft Wouter Saeys department of Biosystems KU LeuvenWillem De Croylaan 423001 LeuvenBelgium

The physiological control of stomatal opening by which plants adjust for water availability has been extensively ***,the impact of water availability on stomatal development has not received as much attention,especially for amphistomatic ***,the acclimation of stomatal development in basil(Ocimum basilicum L.)leaves was *** results show that leaves developed under water-deficit conditions possess higher stomatal densities and decreased stomatal length for both the adaxial and abaxial leaf *** the stomatal developmental reaction to water deficit was similar for the two leaf surfaces,it was proven that adaxial stomata are more sensitive to water stress than abaxial stomata,with more closed adaxial stomata under water-deficit ***,plants with leaves containing smaller stomata at higher densities possessed a higher water use *** findings highlight the importance of stomatal development as a tool for long-term acclimation to limit water loss,with minimal reduction in biomass *** highlights the central role that stomata play in both the short(opening)and long-term(development)reaction of plants to water availability,making them key tools for efficient resource use and anticipation of future environmental changes.

关键词： stress stomatal limit

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On-chip wireless silicon photonics: from reconfigurable interconnects to lab-on-chip devices

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 517-527页

作者： Carlos García-Meca Sergio Lechago Antoine Brimont Amadeu Griol Sara Mas Luis Sánchez Laurent Bellieres Nuria S Losilla Javier Martí Nanophotonics Technology Center Universitat Politècnica de València46022 ValenciaSpain

Photonic integrated circuits are developing as key enabling components for high-performance computing and advanced networkon-chip,as well as other emerging technologies such as lab-on-chip sensors,with relevant applications in areas from medicine and biotechnology to *** demanding applications will require novel features,such as dynamically reconfigurable light pathways,obtained by properly harnessing on-chip optical *** this paper,we introduce a broadband,high directivity(4150),low loss and reconfigurable silicon photonics nanoantenna that fully enables on-chip radiation *** propose the use of these nanoantennas as versatile building blocks to develop wireless(unguided)silicon photonic devices,which considerably enhance the range of achievable integrated photonic *** examples of applications,we demonstrate 160 Gbit s−1 data transmission over mm-scale wireless interconnects,a compact low-crosstalk 12-port crossing and electrically reconfigurable pathways via optical beam ***,the realization of a flow micro-cytometer for particle characterization demonstrates the smart system integration potential of our approach as lab-on-chip devices.

关键词： integrated optics lab-on-a-chip devices nanoantenna sensing silicon photonics

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Absence of galectin-3 attenuates neuroinflammation improving functional recovery after spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2016年第1期11卷 92-93页

作者： Caio Andrade Prins Fernanda Martins Almeida Ana Maria Blanco Martinez Laboratorio de Neurodegeneracao e Reparo-departamento de Patologia-Faculdade de Medicina-HUCFF-UFRJ-Rio de Janeiro-RJ Brazil Instituto de Ciencia Biomedicas UFRJRio de JaneiroRJBrazil

After spinal cord injury （SCI）, a cascade of events begins. At first, there is physical damage with disruption of the blood-brain barrier （BBB） and the integrity of the nervous tissue. The disruption of central ner- vous system （CNS） BBB alters the endothelial permeability, the protein and chemokines expression and the propensity to release in situ inflam- matory cytokines, overcoming anti-inflammatory signals, facilitating the attraction and entry of immune system cells into the injured spinal cord parenchyma （Gaudet et al., 2011）. As a result, there is a neuroin- flammatory response with changes in blood flow, edema, cell infiltra- tion, apoptosis and release of axonal growth inhibitory factors. Nerve function loss occurs when the nerve impulse propagation is interrupted and do not reach its target. This disorder encompasses neuron and glia apoptosis, accompanied by Wallerian degeneration of disconnected axons, and CNS cells exposure to a hostile microenvironment that hampers axon regeneration （Mautes et al., 2000; Harkey et al., 2003）.

关键词： galectin disruption permeability facilitating attraction cascade macrophages cytokines morphologic exposure

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Anti-IgE IgG autoantibodies isolated from therapeutic normal IgG intravenous immunoglobulin induce basophil activation

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2020年第4期17卷 426-429页

作者： Caroline Galeotti Anupama Karnam Jordan D.Dimitrov Alain Chevailler Srini V.Kaveri Jagadeesh Bayry Institut National de la Santéet de la Recherche Médicale/Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers Equipe-Immunopathologie et Immunointervention ThérapeutiqueSorbonne UniversitéParis F-75006France Service de Rhumatologie Pédiatrique Centre de Référence des Maladies Auto-Inflammatoires Rares et des AmylosesCHU de Bicêtrele Kremlin Bicêtre F-94270France UniversitéParis descartes Sorbonne Paris CitéParis F-75006France Laboratoire d’Immunologie et d’Allergologie/CHU d’Angers Universitéd’Angers/INSERM Unité1232/LabEx IGO“Immuno-Graft-Onco”Angers F-49933France

Basophils are rare *** representing only~0.5%of all leukocytes,basophils have several important physiological functions.1,2 Although basophils lack the classic features of professional antigen-presenting cells,3–7 through the secretion of cytokines,they orient the immune response by polarizing Th2 differentiation and supporting B-cell differentiation and class *** are also critical for mediating protection against helminth infection.1,2,8,9 Basophils receive activation signals from diverse *** is well recognized that cytokines such as IL-3,granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GM-CSF),thymic stromal lymphopoietin(TSLP)and IL-33;various toll-like receptor ligands;allergen-bound IgE provide activation signals to basophils and induce the release of inflammatory mediators.10–15 In addition,several reports have also demonstrated the existence of anti-IgE autoantibodies that possess the capacity to induce basophil activation in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria(CSU),atopic or non-atopic asthma or autoimmune disease.16–21 However,isolation and functional exploration of such anti-IgE IgG autoantibodies from either healthy donors or patients have not been attempted *** using a pooled normal IgG preparation from healthy donors,specifically intravenous immunoglobulin G(IVIG)22 that represents the complete IgG repertoire of a normal individual,we attempted to address this outstanding question in the field.

关键词： activation attempted IgE

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Role of artificial intelligence in cardiology

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World Journal of Cardiology 2023年第4期15卷 116-118页

作者： Rafael Vidal-Perez Jose Manuel Vazquez-Rodriguez Servicio de Cardiología Unidad de Imagen y Función CardíacaComplexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Instituto de Salud Carlos ⅢA Coruña 15006A CoruñaSpain Servicio de Cardiología Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A CoruñaA Coruña 15006A CoruñaSpain

Artificial intelligence(AI)is the process of having a computational program that can perform tasks of human intelligence by mimicking human thought *** is a rapidly evolving transdisciplinary field which integrates many elements to develop algorithms that aim to simulate human intuition,decision-making,and object *** overarching aims of AI in cardiovascular medicine are threefold:To optimize patient care,improve efficiency,and improve clinical *** cardiology,there has been a growth in the potential sources of new patient data,as well as advances in investigations and therapies,which position the field well to uniquely benefit from *** this editorial,we highlight some of the main research priorities currently and where the next steps are heading us.

关键词： Artificial intelligence Machine learning deep learning Electrocardiography Cardiac imaging

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Small bowel capsule endoscopy and treat-to-target in Crohn’s disease: A systematic review

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第31期25卷 4534-4554页

作者： Catherine Le Berre Caroline Trang-Poisson Arnaud Bourreille Institut des Maladies de l’Appareil Digestif Nantes University Hospital

BACKGROUND Crohn’s disease(CD)can affect the entire gastrointestinal *** small bowel(SB)lesions are associated with a significant risk of stricturing disease and multiple abdominal *** assessment of SB in patients with CD is therefore necessary because it may have a significant impact on prognosis with potential therapeutic *** of the weak correlation that exists between symptoms and endoscopic disease activity,the“treat-to-target”paradigm has been developed,and the associated treatment goal is to achieve and maintain deep remission,encompassing both clinical and endoscopic *** bowel capsule endoscopy(SBCE)allows to visualize the mucosal surface of the entire *** that time,there is no recommendation regarding the use of SBCE during *** To investigate the impact of SBCE in a treat-to-target strategy in patients with *** An electronic literature search was conducted in PubMed and Cochrane library using the following search terms:“capsule endoscopy”,in combination with“Crohn’s disease”and“treat-to-target”or *** authors independently reviewed titles and abstracts identified by the search strategy after duplicates were *** the initial screening of abstracts,all articles containing information about SBCE in the context of treat-to-target strategy in patients with CD were ***-text articles were retrieved,reference lists were screened manually to identify additional *** Forty-seven articles were included in this *** indexes are currently used to quantify disease activity using SBCE,and there is good correlation between *** was shown to be useful for disease reclassification in patients who are suspected of having or who are diagnosed with CD,with a significant incremental diagnostic yield compared to other diagnostic *** studies also demonstrated that the mucosal healing can be evaluated by SBCE to monitor the effect of medical treatment

关键词： Wireless capsule endoscopy Inflammatory bowel disease Treat-to-target Monitoring Mucosal healing Post-operative recurrence Prognosis

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THE deMOCRATIC CONTROL OF PUBLIC SPENDING IN CLASSICAL ATHENS

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Journal of Ancient Civilizations 2019年第2期34卷 229-243,329页

作者： David M Pritchard L’Universitéde Lyon/The University of Queensland

This article challenges the famous argument of Lisa Kallet that the Athenian people did not understand public *** argues that the dēmos(“people”)had the necessary general knowledge and the necessary understanding of the state’s budget to make independent financial *** democratic council and politicians kept them well informed on the overall fiscal position of *** adjudicating public debates about the state’s budget they learnt a great deal about public *** time the votes that they cast in such debates came to reflect their own priorities for their *** the sums that Athenian democracy spent on different activities reflected the preferences of,not politicians,as Kallet argued,but the dēmos themselves.

关键词： CLASS argument reflected

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