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Historical relationships of areas of endemism of the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest： a cladistic biogeographic analysis of harvestman taxa （Arachnida： Opiliones）

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Current Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 525-535页

作者： Marcio B. DASILVA Ricardo PINTO-DA-ROCHA Juan J. MORRONE departamento de Sistematica e Ecologia CCEN Universidade Federal da Paraiba Cidade Universitaria Joao Pessoa PB Brazil departamento de Zoologia Instituto de Biociencias Universidade de Sao Paulo Sao Paulo SP Brazil Museo de Zoologia "Alfonso L. Herrera" Departamento de Biologia Evolutiva Facultad de Ciencias Universidad Nacional Autdnoma de Mexice (UNAM) 04510 Mexico City Mexico

Based on a cladistic biogeographic analysis of 6 species-level phylogenies of harvestman taxa, wesearched for congruence in the historical relationships of 12 areas of endemism of the BrazilianAtlantic Rain Forest. We constructed general area cladograms using Primary Brooks ParsimonyAnaJysis （BPA）, BPA of nodes, and paralogy-free subtree analysis. These analyses resulted in 6general area cladograms, that allow to infer a general pattern of the relationships among areas ofendemism from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest. Northern areas resulted related basally showingmain disjunctions at the Doce River Valley and Todos os Santos Bay/S^o Francisco River *** remaining areas of endemism were included in a southern and a southeastern block, sepa-rated by the Ribeira do Iguape Valley. Incongruence Length Differences tests showed no significantincongruence among the resulting cladograms and other matrix partitions. We concluded that tec-tonism and ancient marine transgressions were the probable processes responsible for the maindisjunctions, whereas Neogene refugia seem to have caused the more recent disjunctions. Thegeneral pattern and redundancy in area relationships suggest a model of main reiterative barriersin diversification at multiple times for the evolution of the Atlantic Rain Forest. The renewal of cla-distic biogeography and the search for common biogeographic patterns are discussed.

关键词： dispersal, historical biogeography, Mata Atlantica, speciation, vicariance.

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In vitro germination and shoot proliferation of the threatened species Cinchona officinalis L(Rubiaceae).

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Journal of Forestry Research 2016年第6期27卷 1229-1236页

作者： Rosa Armijos-Gonzalez Cesar Perez-Ruiz departamento de Ciencias Naturales Universidad Tecnica Particular de LojaCP 1101 608 LojaEcuador departamento de Biotecnologia y biologia Vegetal E.T.S.Ingenieros AgronomosUniversidad Politecnica de MadridCP 728040 MadridSpain

Cinchona officinalis （Rubiaceae） is an endemic species of the Loja Valley in southern Ecuador with medicinal uses. Because of over-exploitation in the nine- teenth century and more recent disturbances to its ecosystem, C. officinalis populations are threatened. Currently, natural regeneration of the populations is low, despite its high plant regeneration and seed formation capacity. In the present study, an efficient protocol for germination, shoot proliferation and plantlets regeneration was developed for this species. Phenolic content and germination rate of C. officinalis seeds were compared with a control species, C. pubescens. Nodal segments from seedlings of C. officinalis were cultured on Gamborg medium supplemented with different combinations of plant growth regulators. Because the phenol content is high in C. officinalis, the phenolic should be removed with hydrogen peroxide or water washes to stimulate germination. Shoots and callus developed from nodal segments within 45 days using most of the tested combinations of plant growth regulators. The best rates of shoot proliferation, callus formation and adventitious buds were obtained in medium supplemented with 5.0 mg L^-1 6-benzyl-aminopurine and 3.0 mg L^-1 indole- 3-butyfic acid.

关键词： Callus Cinchona officinalis Germination Phenols Rubiaceae Shoot

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Classical olfactory conditioning promotes long-term memory and improves odor-cued flight orientation in the South American native bumblebee Bombus pauloensis

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Current Zoology 2021年第5期67卷 561-563页

作者： denise NERY Florencia PALOTTINI Walter M.FARINA Laboratorio de Insectos Sociales Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biologia ExperimentalFacultad de Ciencias NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina Instituto de Fisiologia Biologia Molecular y Neurociencias(IFIBYNE)CONICET-Universidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

When collecting a flower,bumblebees learn to associate floral features with reward,preferring,and specializing in the most profitable ones they visit(Chittka et al.1999).The proboscis extension reflex(PER)occurs naturally in the feeding context allowing individuals to access the floral *** controlled conditions,the PER paradigm is a well-established controlled learning procedure used in honeybees(Takeda 1961),and some bumblebees of the genus Bombus(Laloi et al.1999).The assessment of cognitive capacities in an operant context has been studied mainly in *** and ***(Chittka 1998;Mirwan and Kevan 2014).However,little is known about the ability to evoke associative memories in an operant context,which had been acquired in a classical *** turn,on the contrary,the Bombus genus also has the capacity to form longterm memories(Chittka 1998;McAulay et al.2015).In particular,the South American bumblebee ***(***)can learn a pure odor when it is presented in a paired association with a sugar reward within a PER paradigm(Palottini et al.2018).As other species,this one is a commercially reared pollinator that is increasingly managed in pollination services of some South American countries and they could be important for increasing production of crops(Palottini et al.2018).

关键词： crops sugar associative

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Dynamics in the emergence of dormant and non-dormant herbaceous species from the soil seed bank from a Brazilian dry forest

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2020年第3期13卷 256-265页

作者： José Djalma de Souza Bruno Ayron de Souza Aguiar Danielle Melo dos Santos Vanessa Kelly Rodrigues de Araujo Júlia Arruda Simões Juliana Ramos de Andrade Elcida de Lima Araújo departamento de biologia Universidade Federal Rural de PernambucoRecifePernambucoBrazil2Universidade Federal de Pernambuco-Centro Acadêmico de VitóriaPernambucoBrazil

Aims In dry tropical forests,herbaceous species may have dormancy mechanisms and form persistent and transient seed banks in the *** acquired,these mechanisms are efficient for the establishment and survival of these herbs,especially in forests with unpredictable climates,such as the ***,our objective was to verify whether the studied herbaceous species adopt the physical dormancy mechanism and how these natural barriers are overcome,to understand the temporal dynamics existing in the soil seed bank from a Brazilian dry tropical *** Seeds of five native herbaceous species from the Caatinga forests were selected and submitted to pre-germinative treatments for verifying the presence of physical *** collected soil samples in the rainy and dry seasons for four consecutive years and monitored the emergence of the selected herbaceous in the *** verified the differences in germination and seed bank emergence in the soil by generalized linear *** Findings The presence and absence of physical dormancy were observed in seeds from Caatinga herbaceous *** found intraspecific and interspecific differences in the herbaceous emergence from soil seed banks between years and climatic *** perennial herbs,consecutive lack of emergence between seasons and years was frequent,which suggests a direct relationship with the mechanism of physical dormancy and the environmental conditions necessary to overcome integument *** these species,seed dimorphism and dormancy may confer additional advantages to their ***,presenting intermediate levels of physical dormancy in an annual species may be an evolutionary adjustment to rainfall *** contrast,we found that the annual herb without dormancy is more sensitive to seasonal and interannual climate changes,as evidenced by the increase and significant reduction of its emergence in the soil seed *** differences acquired evoluti

关键词： establishment herbaceous species physical dormancy seed bank seed germination semiarid

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Impacts of brood parasitism by shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis on the breeding success of a small host, the black-backed water tyrant Fluvicola albiventer

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Current Zoology 2024年第4期70卷 539-547页

作者： Lorena Vanesa Sovrano Evelina Jesica Leon Rodrigo Ezequiel Lorenzón Pamela Fernanda Olguin Adolfo Héctor Beltzer Alejandro Raúl Giraudo Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Conservacion de Tetrapodos Instituto Nacional de Limnologia(INALICONICET-UNL)Paraje El Pozo s/nSanta Fe(3000)Argentina departamento de biologia Universidad Autonoma de Entre RiosKm 10.5 RP 11Oro Verde(3100)Entre RiosArgentina departamento de biologia Universidad Nacional del LitoralFacultad de Humanidades y CienciasParaje Ei Pozo s/nSanta Fe(3000)Argentina

The shiny cowbird Molothrus bonariensis parasitizes many species with different life-history traits and has a detrimental effect on the survival of the progeny of the *** response,hosts have developed numerous antiparasitic ***,we examined the effects of brood parasitism by shiny cowbird on the clutch and brood sizes(83 nests)in a small host,the black-backed water tyrant Fluvicola *** also studied whether the death of parasite nestlings was related to the care of the foster parents and whether the host had any antiparasitic defense against the shiny *** results indicate that brood parasitism significantly decreased the host hatching and fledging *** majority of nest failures(57%)were caused by brood *** cowbird parasitism occurred in 52%of nests and the intensity of parasitism was 1.23±0.53 eggs per parasitized *** the total host eggs,54%were *** the incubation stage,20 nests(47%)were abandoned because of egg punctures by shiny cowbirds *** two parasitic fledglings were recorded,while the remaining nestlings either died from starvation(n=12)or predation(n=3).Foster parents abandoned parasitic nestlings between 5 and 10 days *** findings demonstrate that the shiny cowbird has very low rates of fledging success when parasitizing black-backed water ***,parasitism had a high reproductive cost in the black-backed water tyrant because a very low proportion(7%)of the parasitized nests(n=43)were successful.

关键词： brood parasitism host defenses nest desertion shiny cowbird small host.

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To Bring Flowers or Do a Runner：, Gibberellins Make the decision

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Molecular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 4-6页

作者： Auxiliadora O. Martins Adriano Nunes-Nesi Wagner L. Aradjo Alisdair R. Femie Max-Planck Partner Group at the departamento de biologia Vegetal Universidade Federal de Vi~osa 36570-900 Vicosa Minas Gerais Brazil departamento de biologia Vegetal Universidade Federal de Vi~osa 36570-900 Vk~osa Minas Gerais Brazil Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology 14476 Potsdam-Golm Germany

Gibberellins （GAs） are involved in several growth and develop- mental processes ranging from stem elongation, leaf expansion, transition to flowering, pollen maturation, fruit set, and seed germination （Figure 1）.

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Gustatory responsiveness in Vespula germanica workers:exploring the interplay between sensory perception and task specialization

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Insect Science 2024年第2期31卷 587-598页

作者： Analia Mattiacci Carolina Mengoni Gonalons MaitéMasciocchi Juan C.Corley Grupo de Ecologia de Poblaciones de Insectos IFAB(CONICETINTA EEA Bariloche)BarilocheArgentina departamento de Ecologia Centro Regional Universitario BarilocheUniversidad Nacional Del ComahueBarilocheArgentina departamento de Biodiversidad y biologia Experimental Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y NaturalesUniversidad de Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina

Workers'task specialization and division of labor are critical features of social insects'ecological *** has been proposed that the division of labor relies on response threshold models:individuals varying their sensitivity(and responsiveness)to biologically relevant stimuli and performing a specific task when a stimulus exceeds an internal *** this work,we study carbohydrate and protein responsiveness and their relation to worker task specialization in Vespula germanica,an invasive social *** sucrose and peptone responsiveness of two different subcastes,preforagers and foragers,was determined by stimulating the antenna of the wasps with increasing concentrations of the solution and quantifying whether each concentration elicited a licking *** studied responsiveness in five different ways:(1)response threshold,(2)concentration 50(concentration to which at least 50%of wasps responded),(3)maximum response,(4)mean scores and(5)median *** results suggest that V germanica foragers are more sensitive to sucrose(lower thresholds)than preforager ***,we found no differences for peptone thresholds(i.e.,a protein resource).Nonetheless,this is the first study to investigate response thresholds for protein *** intercaste variation in sucrose responsiveness shown in our work contributes to the existing knowledge about response threshold theory as a mechanism for task specialization observed in V germanica.

关键词： carbohydrates responsiveness division of labor protein responsiveness response thresholds models social insect yellow jacket

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The inception of a Paleotethyan magmatic arc in Iberia

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Geoscience Frontiers 2015年第2期6卷 297-306页

作者： M.F.Pereira A.Castro C.Fernández IDL Departamento de Geociências ECT Universidade de évora departamento de Geología Universidad de Huelva departamento de Geodinámica y Paleontología Universidad de Huelva

This paper presents a compilation of recent U-Pb （zircon） ages of late Carboniferous-early Permian （LC EP） calc-alkaline batholiths from lberia, together with a petrogenetic interpretation of magma generation based on comparisons with Mesozoic and Tertiary Cordilleran batholiths and experimental melts. Zircon U-Pb ages distributed over the range ca. 315-280 Ma, indicate a linkage between calc-alkaline magmatism, Iberian orocline generation and Paleotethys subduction. It is also shown that Iberian LC-EP calcalkaline batholiths present unequivocal subduction-related features comparable with typical Cordilleran batholiths of the Pacific Americas active margin, although geochemical features were partially obscured by local modifications of magmas at the level of emplacement by country rock assimilation. When and how LC-EP calc-alkaline batholiths formed in Iberia is then discussed, and a new and somewhat controversial interpretation for their sources and tectonic setting （plume-assisted relamination） is suggested. The batholiths are proposed to have formed during the subduction of the Paleotethys oceanic plate （Pangaea self-subduction） and, consequently, they are unrelated to Variscan collision. The origin of the Iberian batholiths is related to the Eurasian active margin and probably represents the inception of a Paleotethvan arc in the core of Pangaea.

关键词： Permo-Carboniferous Calc-alkaline arc-related batholiths Pangaea Paleotethys subduction Variscan and Cimmerian cycles

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Life cycle and nymphal feeding of Besdolus ravizzarum （Plecoptera： Perlodidae）, a threatened stonefly

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Insect Science 2010年第2期17卷 149-153页

作者： Stefano Fenoglio Tiziano Bo Manuel Jesus Lepez-Rodriguez Jose Manuel Tierno de Figueroa Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita Universita del Piemonte Orientale Alessandria Italy departamento de biologia Animal Facultad de Ciencias Universidad de Granada Granada Spain

We have studied some aspects of Besdolus ravizzarum biology in the Apen- nines. This stonefly has a very localized distribution in southeastern France and northern Italy. This species is considered threatened. For this reason it is especially relevant to improve knowledge about its natural history, previously unknown. despite the large size of nymphs, this species shows a univoltine life cycle. The growth is slow but uniform from October to April or May when the short flight period occurs. The analysis of the gut con- tents indicates this species is a predator, feeding mainly on Baetidae and Chironomidae. It is notable that the development of this carnivorous species through cold periods coincides with the season with higher richness and density of potential prey in Apennine streams. Further studies are needed to improve knowledge of the distribution of the species and to start planning effective conservation efforts.

关键词： conservation life history northern Italy stonefly threatened species trophic role

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Ultrastructural and enzymatic alterations in the ovary of Rhodnius prolixus infected with Trypanosoma rangeli

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2022年第2期15卷 71-78页

作者： Guilherme S.Machado Rosane L.Lopes Simone S.C.Oliveira Simone P.C.Freitas Jacenir R.Santos-Mallet AndréL.S.Santos denise Feder Suzete A.O.Gomes Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Biotecnologia Instituto de BiologiaUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiteróiRJBrazil Laboratório de Biodiversidade de Insetos e Patógenos Departamento de Biologia GeralInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiteróiRJBrazil Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes Departamento de Microbiologia GeralInstituto de Microbiologia Paulo de GóesUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRJBrazil Fundação Oswaldo Cruz Piauí TeresinaPIBrazil Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Vigilância Entomológica em Díptera e Hemíptera Instituto Oswaldo CruzFundação Oswaldo CruzRio de JaneiroRJBrazil Universidade Iguaçu Nova IguaçuRJBrazil Laboratório de biologia de Insetos Departamento de Biologia GeralInstituto de BiologiaUniversidade Federal FluminenseNiteróiRJBrazil

Objective:To investigate the morphological structure of ovarian follicular cells and biochemical parameters of both ovaries and fat bodies(sites of vitellogenesis)from Rhodnius(R.)prolixus infected with Trypanosoma(T.)***:Adult virgin females of *** were fed upon a membrane apparatus containing heat-inactivated citrated rabbit blood and a suspension of *** epimastigotes(Macias strain).Females from the control group and all the males received parasite-free *** electron microscopy was used to reveal the morphological aspects of ovarian follicle cells in both control and parasite-infected *** profile,proteolytic activities and Western blotting analyses were performed in either ovary or fat body samples of control and parasite-infected ***:According to the ultrastructural data,*** infection elicited a degeneration process in the ovarian follicular cells of *** assays indicated a reduction in the activity of aspartic peptidases in the ovary and fat body from parasite-infected group,while a significant increase in the cysteine peptidase activity was measured in both insect ***,immunoblotting revealed that vitellogenin was overexpressed in the ovary of parasite-infected ***:*** infection seems to elicit an early programmed cell death in the ovarian follicle cells as well as induces the modulation on the activities of different peptidase classes in either ovaries or fat bodies and the overexpression of the vitellogenin in the ovary of ***.

关键词： Trypanosoma rangeli Rhodnius prolixus Ovarian follicle Vitellogenin Aspartic protease Cysteine protease

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