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Characterization of Evolutionarily ConservedMotifs Involved in Activity and Regulation of theABA-INSENSITIVE （ABI） 4 Transcription Factor

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molecular Plant 2014年第2期7卷 422-436页

作者： Josefat Gregorio Alma Fabiola Hernández-Bernal Elizabeth Cordoba Patricia León departamento de biología molecular de plantas Instituto de Biotecnología Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Av. Universidad # 2001 Col. Chamilpa Cuernavaca Morelos C.p. 62210 Mexico

In recent years, the transcription factor ABI4 has emerged as an important node of integration for externaland internal signals such as nutrient status and hormone signaling that modulates critical transitions during the growthand development of plants. For this reason, understanding the mechanism of action and regulation of this protein rep-resents an important step towards the elucidation of crosstalk mechanisms in plants. However, this understanding hasbeen hindered due to the negligible levels of this protein as a result of multiple posttranscriptional regulations. To betterunderstand the function and regulation of the ABI4 protein in this work, we performed a functional analysis of severalevolutionarily conserved motifs. Based on these conserved motifs, we identified ortholog genes of ABI4 in differentplant species. The functionality of the putative ortholog from Theobroma cacao was demonstrated in transient expres-sion assays and in complementation studies in plants. The function of the highly conserved motifs was analyzed aftertheir deletion or mutagenesis in the Arabidopsis ABI4 sequence using mesophyll protoplasts. This approach permitted usto immunologically detect the ABI4 protein and identify some of the mechanisms involved in its regulation. We identi-fied sequences required for the nuclear localization （AP2-associated motif） as well as those for transcriptional activationfunction （LRP motif）. Moreover, this approach showed that the protein stability of this transcription factor is controlledthrough protein degradation and subcellular localization and involves the AP2-associated and the PEST motifs. We dem-onstrated that the degradation of ABI4 protein through the PEST motif is mediated by the 26S proteasome in responseto changes in the sugar levels.

关键词： ABI4 posttranslational regulation transcription factor sugar signaling abscisic acid-insensitive protea-some nuclear localization signals

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Prefoldins 3 and 5 Play an Essential Role in Arabidopsis Tolerance to Salt Stress

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molecular Plant 2009年第3期2卷 526-534页

作者： Miguel A. Rodriguez-Milla Julio Salinas departamento de biologfa de plantas Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas-CSIC Ramiro de Maeztu 9 28040 Madrid Spain

During the last years, our understanding of the mechanisms that control plant response to salt stress has been steadily progressing. Pharmacological studies have allowed the suggestion that the cytoskeleton may be involved in regulating such a response. Nevertheless, genetic evidence establishing that the cytoskeleton has a role in plant tolerance to salt stress has not been reported yet. Here, we have characterized Arabidopsis T-DNA mutants for genes encoding proteins orthologous to prefoldin （PFD） subunits 3 and 5 from yeast and mammals. In these organisms, PFD subunits, also known as Genes Involved in Microtubule biogenesis （GIM）, form a heterohexameric PFD complex implicated in tubulin and actin folding. We show that, indeed, PFD3 and PFD5 can substitute for the loss of their yeast orthologs, as they are able to complement yeast gim2Δ and gim5Δ mutants, respectively. Our results indicate that pfd3 and pfd5 mutants have reduced levels of α- and β-tubulin compared to the wild-type plants when growing under both control and salt-stress conditions. In addition, pfd3 and pfd5 mutants display alterations in their developmental patterns and microtubule organization, and, more importantly, are hypersensitive to high concentrations of NaCl but not of LiCl or mannitol. These results demonstrate that the cytoskeleton plays an essential role in plant tolerance to salt stress.

关键词： Prefoldins cytoskeleton tubulin actin microtubule salt tolerance Arabidopsis

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Prefoldins Negatively Regulate Cold Acclimation in Arabidopsis thaliana by Promoting Nuclear Proteasome-Mediated HY5 degradation

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molecular Plant 2017年第6期10卷 791-804页

作者： Carlos Perea-Resa Miguel A. Rodriguez-Milla Elisa Iniesto Vicente Rubio Julio Salinas departamento de biologia Medioambiental Centro de Investigaciones Biologicas CSIC 28040 Madrid Spain departamento de Genetica molecular de plantas Centro Nacional de Biotecnologia CSIC 28049 Madrid Spain present address: department of molecular biology Massachusetts General Hospital Boston MA 02214 USA Present address: Unidad de Biotecnologia Celular Instituto de Salud Garlos Ⅲ 28222 Madrid Spain

The process of cold acclimation is an important adaptive response whereby many plants from temperate regions increase their freezing tolerance after being exposed to low non-freezing temperatures. The correct development of this response relies on proper accumulation of a number of transcription factors that regulate expression patterns of cold-responsive genes. Multiple studies have revealed a variety of molecular mechanisms involved in promoting the accumulation of these transcription factors. Interestingly, however, the mechanisms implicated in controlling such accumulation to ensure their adequate levels remain largely unknown. In this work, we demonstrate that prefoldins （PFDs） control the levels of HY5, an Arabidopsis transcription factor with a key role in cold acclimation by activating anthocyanin biosynthesis, in response to low temperature. Our results show that, under cold conditions, PFDs accumulate into the nucleus through a deLLA-dependent mechanism, where they interact with HY5, triggering its ubiquitination and subsequent degradation. The degradation of HY5 would result, in turn, in anthocyanin biosynthesis attenuation, ensuring the accurate development of cold acclimation. These findings uncover an unanticipated nuclear function for PFDs in plant responses to abiotic stresses.

关键词： prefoldins cold acclimation Arabidopsis HY5 anthocyanin deLLAs

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The transcriptional regulator JAZ8 interacts with the C2 protein from geminiviruses and limits the geminiviral infection in Arabidopsis

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Journal of Integrative Plant biology 2023年第7期65卷 1826-1840页

作者： Tabata Rosas-Diaz Pepe Cana-Quijada Mengshi Wu Du Hui Gemma Fernandez-Barbero Alberto PMacho Roberto Solano Araceli GCastillo Xiao-Wei Wang Rosa Lozano-Duran Eduardo R.Bejarano departamento de biología Celular Genética y FisiologíaFacultad de CienciasInstituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea“La Mayora”(IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC)Universidad de MálagaMálagaSpain Shanghai Center for Plant Stress biology CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201602China Institute of Insect Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China departamento de Genética molecular de plantas Centro Nacional de Biotecnología‐Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasMadrid 28049Spain department of Plant Biochemistry Centre for Plant Molecular BiologyEberhard Karls UniversityTübingen D‐72076Germany

Jasmonates(JAs) are phytohormones that finely regulate critical biological processes, including plant development and defense. JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN(JAZ) proteins are crucial transcriptional regulators that keep JA-responsive genes in a repressed state. In the presence of JA-Ile, JAZ repressors are ubiquitinated and targeted for degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome system,allowing the activation of downstream transcription factors and, consequently, the induction of JA-responsive genes. A growing body of evidence has shown that JA signaling is crucial in defending against plant viruses and their insect vectors. Here, we describe the interaction of C2proteins from two tomato-infecting geminiviruses from the genus Begomovirus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus(TYLCV) and tomato yellow curl Sardinia virus(TYLCSaV), with the transcriptional repressor JAZ8 from Arabidopsis thaliana and its closest orthologue in tomato, SlJAZ9. Both JAZ and C2proteins colocalize in the nucleus, forming discrete nuclear speckles. Overexpression of JAZ8did not lead to altered responses to TYLCV infection in Arabidopsis;however, knock-down of JAZ8 favors geminiviral infection. Low levels of JAZ8 likely affect the viral infection specifically,since JAZ8-silenced plants neither display obvious developmental phenotypes nor present differences in their interaction with the viral insect vector. In summary, our results show that the geminivirus-encoded C2 interacts with JAZ8 in the nucleus, and suggest that this plant protein exerts an anti-geminiviral effect.

关键词： C2 protein geminivirus jasmonates JAZ8 transcriptional repressor TYLCV

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Nanovesicles Are Secreted during Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth： A Possible Role in Fertilization

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molecular Plant 2014年第3期7卷 573-577页

作者： Noela Prado Juan de Dios Alche Juan Casado-Vela Salvador Mas Mayte Villalba Rosalia Rodriguez Eva Batanero departamento de Bioquimica y biologia molecular Facultad de Qu[mica Universidad Complutense de Madrid 28040 Madrid Spain departamento de Bioquimica Biologia Celular y Molecular de Plantas Estacion Experimental de1Zaidin (CSIC) E-18080 Granada Spain Spanish National Research Council (CSIC) Spanish National Centre for Biotechnoiogy (CNB) Darwin 3 Cantoblanco 28049 Madrid Spain

dear Editor, During recent decades, a novel mechanism of secretion has been identified in a wide range of mammalian cells. It involves the release of bioactive membrane nanovesicles （30-100 nm）, termed exosomes, upon the fusion of multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane （Thery et al., 2009）. Exosomes are implicated in diverse functions, such as scavenging of archaic proteins, intercellular messengers delivering cell-specific signals, and vehicles for transmissible pathogens. Exosomes have also been described in other organisms such as bacte- ria, Drosophila, and fungi.

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Natural variation in maize ZmLecRK1 fine-tunes co-receptor interactions to boost immunity

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molecular Plant 2024年第12期17卷 1797-1799页

作者： Miguel-Ángel Torres Lucía Jordá Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de plantas Universidad Politécnica de Madrid(UPM)-Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria(INIA/CSIC)Campus de Montegancedo UPM28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón(Madrid)Spain departamento de Biotecnología-biología Vegetal Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería AgronómicaAlimentaría y de BiosistemasUPM28040 MadridSpain

Pattern recognition receptors(PRRs)are integral to plant immunity,functioning as the first line of defense against *** these,receptor kinases(RKs)play a critical role in recognizing external signals and initiating immune *** studies by Li et al.(2024)have identified the G-type lectin RK ZmLecRK1 in maize as essential for resistance to Pythium aphanidermatum and other fungal pathogens.A key finding is that a resistant variant of ZmLecRK1,which carries an alanine at position 404,has emerged in maize,while the ancestral form,with a serine at this position,is conserved across most *** amino acid substitution significantly influences the interaction with the co-receptor BRASSINOSTEROID INSENSITIVE 1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1(BAK1),enhancing immune complex formation and subsequent defense *** work underscores the importance of genetic variation in enhancing disease resistance,offering potential strategies for crop improvement through targeted genetic modification.

关键词： immunity offering maize

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Leaf Tissue Water Relations Are Associated with Drought-Induced Leaf Shedding in Tropical Montane Habitats

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2015年第13期6卷 2128-2135页

作者： M. A. Sobrado Laboratorio de biología Ambiental de plantas Departamento de Biología de Organismos Universidad Simón Bolívar Caracas Venezuela

In tropical montane areas, water limitation is a common occurrence, and both pioneer and forests species experience water stress during the dry season. Adjustments of leaf area during periods of drought allow for the maintenance of the water supply and physiological functions of the remaining leaves. Here, we compared leaf blade water relations between pioneer and forest tree species. Leaf pressure-volume (P-V) curves were determined from samples taken prior to the dry season, to assess how leaves of the different species were adapted to prepare for and endure water deficits. The following parameters were calculated: osmotic potential at full (Ψπ(100)) and zero (Ψπ(0)) turgor, relative water content at zero turgor (RWC0), volumetric elastic modulus (ε) as well as apoplasm (A) and symplasm (S) water content and their ratio (A/S). Although the pioneer and forest species occupied contrasting habitats, and both groups were clearly differentiated with respect to their water transport capability and water use efficiency, their leaf tissue water relations showed clear differences across species but not between the groups. Some species underwent leaf shedding and accumulated xylem embolisms during the dry season, and their leaves had high cell elasticity. Consequently, these species presented large cell volume changes with turgor loss. Conversely, species with rigid leaves were able to undergo lower leaf turgor with only small changes in cell volume during drought, which might aid to preserve leaf cell function, maintain water uptake, and consequently avoid accelerated leaf senescence and shedding during the dry season.

关键词： Apoplasm Cell Volume Reduction Drought Adaptations Drought-Induced Leaf-Sheding Forest Species Pioneer Trees Pressure-Volume Analysis Rigid Cells Symplasm Tropical Forests Volu-metric Elastic Modulus Water Relations

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Comparative transcriptomics reveals hidden issues in the plant response to arthropod herbivores

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Journal of Integrative Plant biology 2021年第2期63卷 312-326页

作者： M.Estrella Santamaria Alejandro Garcia Ana Amaiz Irene Rosa-Diaz Gara Romero-Hernandez Isabel Diaz Manuel Martinez Centro de Biotecnologia y Genomica de plantas Instituto Nacional de Investigacion y Tecnologia Agraria y AlimentariaUniversidad Politecnica de MadridMadridSpain departamento de Biotecnologia-biologia Vegetal Escuela Tecnica Superior de Ingenierfa AgronomicaAlimentaria y de BiosistemasUniversidad Politecnica de MadridMadridSpain

Plants experience different abiotic/biotic stresses,which trigger their molecular machinery to cope with them. Besides general mechanisms prompted by many stresses, specific mechanisms have been introduced to optimize the response to individual threats. However, these key mechanisms are difficult to identify. Here, we introduce an in-depth species-specific transcriptomic analysis and conduct an extensive meta-analysis of the responses to related species to gain more knowledge about plant responses. The spider mite Tetranychus urticae was used as the individual species, several arthropod herbivores as the related species for meta-analysis, and Arabidopsis thaliana plants as the common host. The analysis of the transcriptomic data showed typical common responses to herbivory, such as jasmonate signaling or glucosinolate biosynthesis. Also, a specific set of genes likely involved in the particularities of the Arabidopsis-spider mite interaction was discovered. The new findings have determined a prominent role in this interaction of the jasmonateinduced pathways leading to the biosynthesis of anthocyanins and tocopherols. Therefore, tandem individual/general transcriptomic profiling has been revealed as an effective method to identify novel relevant processes and specificities in the plant response to environmental stresses.

关键词： Arabidopsis thaliana arthropod herbivore comparative transcriptomics plant defense Tetranychus urticae

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Nitrate regulates rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiosis in common bean(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

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Journal of Integrative Plant biology 2014年第3期56卷 281-298页

作者： Kalpana Nanjareddy Lourdes Blanco Manoj‐Kumar Arthikala Xochitl Alvarado Affantrange Federico Sánchez Miguel Lara Genómica Funcional de Eucariotes Centro de Ciencias Genómicas Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM Apartado Postal 510‐3Cuernavaca Morelos 62271 México Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores‐UNAM León Blvd.UNAM 2011 Predio El Saucillo y El PotreroComunidad de los Tepetates León Gto.C.P.37684 Mexico departamento de biología molecular de plantas Instituto de BiotecnologíaUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de México UNAM Apartado Postal 510‐3 Cuernavaca Morelos 62271 México

Nitrogen-limited conditions are considered to be a prerequisite for legume-rhizobial symbiosis, but the effects of nitrate-rich conditions on symbiotic status remain poorly understood. We addressed this issue by examining rhizobial （Rhizobim tropici） and arbusclar mycorrhizal （Glomus intraradices） symbiosis in Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Negro Jamapa under nitrate pre-incubation and continuous nitrate conditions. Our results indicate that nitrate pre-incubation, independent of the concentration, did not affect nodule development. However, the continuous supply of nitrate at high concentrations impaired nodule maturation and nodule numbers. Low nitrate conditions, in addition to positively regulating nodule number, biomass, and nitrogenase activity, also extended the span of nitrogen-fixing activity. By contrast, for arbuscular mycorrhizae, continuous 1o and 50mmol/L nitrate increased the percent root length colonization, concomitantly reduced arbuscule size, and enhanced ammonia transport without affecting phosphate transport. Therefore, in this manuscript, we have proposed the importance of nitrate as a positive regulator in promoting both rhizobial and mycorrhizal symbiosis in the common bean.

关键词： Arbuscule common bean mycorrhiza nitrate nodule Rhizobium

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Strategies for the analysis of single-tree plot experiments in Eucalyptus plantations

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Journal of Forestry Research 2021年第6期32卷 2437-2445页

作者： Heloisa Guimaraes Santos Flavia Maria Avelar Goncalves Jose Luis Lima Aurelio Mendes Aguiar Gabriel dehon Sampaio Pecanha Rezende Bruno Marco de Lima Magno Antonio Patto Ramalho departamento de biologia Setor de Genetica E Melhoramento de PlantasUniversidade Federal de Lavras-UFLALavrasMGBrasil Suzano Papel E Celulose Sao PauloSPBrasil Bracell SP Celulose Ltda Lencóis PaulistaSPBrasil

To verify if the response by Eucalyptus clones in a single-tree plot is influenced by neighboring plants and to determine the effect of missing and/or dominated plants,seven eucalyptus trials in four Brazilian states were analyzed in a randomized complete block design with one plant/plot and 30 *** annual increment(MAI,m^(3)ha^(-1)per year)was determined for three-year-old *** influence of neighboring clones was estimated by a linear regression coefficient between the MAI of each clone/plot and the average of a clonal MAI and its eight *** determine the effect of missing and/or dominated trees,a correction between the MAI and the area available/plant was *** analysis considered unadjusted and adjusted data for missing and dominated *** of accuracy and index of coincidence were used to compare the *** single-tree plots,clone performances were not influenced by neighboring *** accuracy was not increased by any of the adjustments employed and the clone ranking was not altered,and therefore did not justify their use.

关键词： Single-tree plot Missing plant adjustment Eucalyptus breeding

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