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Spatial transcriptomics combined with single-nucleus RNA sequencing reveals glial cell heterogeneity in the human spinal cord

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第11期20卷 3302-3316页

作者： Yali Chen Yiyong Wei Jin Liu Tao Zhu Cheng Zhou Donghang Zhang Department of Anesthesiology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Laboratory of anesthesia and critical care Medicine National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Translational Medicine of AnesthesiologyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology Longgang District Maternity&Child Healthcare Hospital of Shenzhen City(Longgang Maternity and Child Institute of Shantou University Medical College)ShenzhenGuangdong ProvinceChina Department of Anesthesiology Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityZunyiGuizhou ProvinceChina

Glial cells play crucial roles in regulating physiological and pathological functions,including sensation,the response to infection and acute injury,and chronic neurodegenerative *** cells include astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system,and satellite glial cells and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous *** the greater understanding of glial cell types and functional heterogeneity achieved through single-cell and single-nucleus RNA sequencing in animal models,few studies have investigated the transcriptomic profiles of glial cells in the human spinal ***,we used high-throughput single-nucleus RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics to map the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes in the human spinal *** explore the conservation and divergence across species,we compared these findings with those from *** the human spinal cord,astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes were each divided into six distinct transcriptomic *** the mouse spinal cord,astrocytes,microglia,and oligodendrocytes were divided into five,four,and five distinct transcriptomic subclusters,*** comparative results revealed substantial heterogeneity in all glial cell types between humans and ***,we detected sex differences in gene expression in human spinal cord glial ***,in all astrocyte subtypes,the levels of NEAT1 and CHI3L1 were higher in males than in females,whereas the levels of CST3 were lower in males than in *** all microglial subtypes,all differentially expressed genes were located on the sex *** addition to sex-specific gene differences,the levels of MT-ND4,MT2A,MT-ATP6,MT-CO3,MT-ND2,MT-ND3,and MT-CO_(2) in all spinal cord oligodendrocyte subtypes were higher in females than in ***,the present dataset extensively characterizes glial cell heterogeneity and offers a valuable resource for explo

关键词： astrocyte glial cell human microglia oligodendrocyte sex differentiation single-nucleus RNA sequencing spatial transcriptomics species variation spinal cord

Brain endothelial cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathway in aging and neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2005-2007页

作者： Bryan Sun Lulin Li Jian Luo Palo Alto Veterans Institute for Research VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA Polytrauma System of care VA Palo Alto Health Care SystemPalo AltoCAUSA

The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase(cGAS)-stimulator of interferon genes(STING)signaling pathway has emerged as a key mediator of *** current studies primarily attribute its effects to neurons and glial cells,emerging research suggests that cGAS-STING signaling may play a critical role in cerebral vasculature,particularly in brain endothelial ***,studying the role 7of inflammation caused by the cGAS-STING pathway in brain endothelial cells could provide a more comprehensive understanding of neuroinflammatory disease and new avenues for therapeutic ***,we review the multifaceted role of global cGAS-STING signaling in various neurological and neuroinflammatory diseases and the potential contribution of cGAS-STING in brain endothelial cells.

关键词： stimulator interferon inflammation

Nucleus accumbens receives gastric vagal inputs

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Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2004年第3期25卷 17-21页

作者： Sangeeta MEHENDALE Department of anesthesia & critical care IL 60637 The Pritzker School of Medicine The University of Chicago USA and Tang Center for Herbal Medicine Research

AIM: To localize and characterize the response of single accumbal neurons to electrical stimulation of the gastric vagal fibers. METHODS: Unitary responses to electrical stimulation of the ventral and dorsal gastric vagal fibers which serve the proximal stomach were recorded extracellularly in the nucleus accumbens in anesthetized cats. RESULTS: The evoked units recorded in the nucleus accumbens consisted of phasic and tonic responses, with a mean latency of (396±43) ms. Convergence of ventral and dorsal gastric vagal inputs onto single phasic and tonic accumbal units was observed. For tonic inhibitory responses, convergence was exhibited when stimulation applied to both the ventral and dorsal gastric vagal branches resulted in a significantly longer inhibitory period than did stimulation of a single gastric vagal branch. Comparing the gastric vagally evoked accumbal unitary responses to the neuronal responses recorded in the nucleus tractus solitarius, parabrachial nucleus and hypothalamus in our previous studies, our data showed a higher percentage of single spike responses and shorter response duration’s in the nucleus accumbens than in the other nuclei. This suggests that the synaptic drive from the gastric vagal inputs to the nucleus accumbens is less powerful than in the other structures. CONCLUSION: The present study localized and characterized gastric vagally evoked responses in the nucleus accumbens, which suggest that the nucleus accumbens may process gastric signals concerned with the ingestive process.

关键词： nucleus accumbens unitary response,electrical stimulation vagus nerve stomach

Overview of point-of-care ultrasound in diagnosing intestinal obstruction

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2022年第2期13卷 135-140页

作者： Rui-ting Li Yue Zhao Xiao-jing Zou Hua-qing Shu Ting Zhou Shang-wen Pan Xue-hui Gao Hai-yan Huang Hong Liu You Shang Department of critical care Medicine Institute of Anesthesia and Critical Care MedicineUnion HospitalTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430022China Department of critical care Medicine Jin Yin-tan HospitalWuhan 430048China

Intestinal obstruction(IO),which refers to a partial or complete blockage of the intestine,is an emergency gastrointestinal disorder commonly seen in the intensive care unit(ICU)and emergency department and associated with high morbidity and mortality.[1,2]Common etiologies of IO include adhesions,hernias,intussusception,foreign bodies,ischemia,tumors,*** in the diagnosis and management of IO is associated with higher mortality due to complications such as bowel necrosis,perforation,sepsis,and septic shock.[3]IO can be divided into small bowel obstruction(SBO)and colonic obstruction(CO).In SBO,74%of cases are caused by adhesions,which may respond to conservative *** is critical to identify which of those cases may progress and require emergent surgical intervention with the help of the diagnostic and assessment *** contrast to SBO,most cases of CO demand *** this instance,appropriate assessment tools are required to define the location of the obstruction,which will assist in the proper surgical procedure.[4]

关键词： intestine diagnosis ischemia

A 20-Year Follow-up after the Fontan Operation in a Population with Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

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Congenital Heart Disease 2022年第5期17卷 579-590页

作者： Eleni P.Asimacopoulos Steven J.Staffa Peter C.Laussen Kirsten C.Odegard Department of Boston Children’s Hospital Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Pain Medicine Division of Cardiac AnesthesiaBoston02115USA

Background:Thromboembolic events are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in the Fontan *** previously reported on coagulation profile changes in a cohort of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome(HLHS)from Stage I through Fontan *** this report,we examine their clinical status,anticoagulation and incidence of thromboembolic events up to 20 years post ***:A retrospective chart review was conducted for twenty(20)surviving patients,from 1998 through December *** who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation(OTx)were followed until their *** who were found in the original study to have a factor VIII activity level>160%,were examined ***:Most patients had follow-up within the last two years(2018–2020).Two patients underwent OTx and two patients *** strategy was *** patients were on aspirin *** was a total of twelve thrombotic events(63.2%).These included six cerebrovascular accidents(two of which were fatal).Three out of the seven patients with elevated factor VIII activity from the original study had thromboembolic events(42.9%).Fontan complications were *** degree of Fontan Associated Liver Disease was ***:This retrospective review of a group of single-ventricle patients post Fontan,illustrates the variability in anticoagulation therapy that exists in this population.A large proportion of patients suffered a significant thromboembolic event,including the patients with elevated factor *** investigation into the patients with elevated factor VIII may help determine whether a different antithrombotic strategy post Fontan would be beneficial.

关键词： Fontan procedure hypoplastic left heart syndrome antiplatelet drugs anticoagulation strategy thrombosis

Eosinophils in asthma

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Chinese Medical Journal 2004年第5期117卷 792-794页

作者：施焕中 Department of Pulmonary and critical care Medicine

The contribution of eosinophils to host-defense and inflammatory responses has undergone periodic reevalu-ations. Thirty years ago, eosinophil was considered as a principal effector cell in host-defense against parasites. Furthermore, the actions of eosinophil enzymes, like histaminase, were thought to suppress mast cell-released allergic mediators. Asthma is a chronic inflammatory condition of the airways that is characterized by a prominent eosinophilic inflammatory infiltration into the bronchial mucosa. Activated eosinophils secrete granular basic proteins that damage the bronchial epithelium and membrane-derived lipid mediators, which contract smooth muscle, increase mucous secretion, and cause vasodilation. The correlation between eosinophil numbers and disease severity supports the hypothesis that the eosinophil is the central effector cell in ongoing airway inflammation in asthma. However, it would be unwise to totally overestimate eosinophil\' s potential in the development of asthma unless we have effective and selective methods of depleting the cells from the tissues.

关键词： IL SCH Eosinophils in asthma

Novel flangeless video laryngoscope for limited mouth opening

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World Journal of critical care Medicine 2025年第1期14卷 118-121页

作者： Mohd Mustahsin Harshita Singh Division of critical care Medicine Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical CareEra UniversityLucknow 226003Uttar PradeshIndia Department of Anaesthesiology Era UniversityLucknow 226003Uttar PradeshIndia

Airway management plays a crucial role in providing adequate oxygenation and ventilation to patients during various medical procedures and *** patients have a limited mouth opening due to factors such as trauma,inflammation,or anatomical abnormalities airway management becomes challenging.A commonly utilized method to overcome this challenge is the use of video laryngoscopy(VL),which employs a specialized device equipped with a camera and a light source to allow a clear view of the larynx and vocal *** overcomes the limitations of direct laryngoscopy in patients with limited mouth opening,enabling better visualization and successful *** types of VL blades are *** devised a novel flangeless video laryngoscope for use in patients with a limited mouth opening and then tested it on a manikin.

关键词： Video laryngoscope Difficult intubation Intubation Airway management Laryngoscopy

High-dose dexamethasone regulates microglial polarization via the GR/JAK1/STAT3 signaling pathway after traumatic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第9期20卷 2611-2623页

作者： Mengshi Yang Miao Bai Yuan Zhuang Shenghua Lu Qianqian Ge Hao Li Yu Deng Hongbin Wu Xiaojian Xu Fei Niu Xinlong Dong Bin Zhang Baiyun Liu Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurology The First Hospital of Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Department of Neurotrauma and Beijing Key Laboratory of Central Nervous System Injury Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of critical care Medicine Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Center for Nerve Injury and Repair Beijing Institute of Brain DisordersChina National Clinical Research Center for Neurological DiseasesBeijingChina

Although microglial polarization and neuroinflammation are crucial cellular responses after traumatic brain injury,the fundamental regulatory and functional mechanisms remain insufficiently *** potent anti-inflammato ry agents,the use of glucoco rticoids in traumatic brain injury is still controversial,and their regulatory effects on microglial polarization are not yet *** the present study,we sought to determine whether exacerbation of traumatic brain injury caused by high-dose dexamethasone is related to its regulatory effects on microglial polarization and its mechanisms of *** vitro cultured BV2 cells and primary microglia and a controlled cortical impact mouse model were used to investigate the effects of dexamethasone on microglial ***,dexamethasone,RU486(a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist),and ruxolitinib(a Janus kinase 1 antagonist)were ***-sequencing data obtained from a C57BL/6 mouse model of traumatic brain injury were used to identify potential targets of *** Morris water maze,quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction,western blotting,immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy analysis,and TUNEL,Nissl,and Golgi staining were performed to investigate our ***-throughput sequencing results showed that arginase 1,a marker of M2 microglia,was significantly downregulated in the dexamethasone group compared with the traumatic brain injury group at3 days post-traumatic brain *** dexamethasone inhibited M1 and M2 microglia,with a more pronounced inhibitory effect on M2microglia in vitro and in *** receptor plays an indispensable role in microglial polarization after dexamethasone treatment following traumatic brain ***,glucocorticoid receptor activation increased the number of apoptotic cells and neuronal death,and also decreased the density of dendritic spines.A possible downstream receptor signaling mechanism is th

关键词： apoptosis BV2 microglia dexamethasone glucocorticoid receptor glucocorticoids innate immune system microglial polarization neuroinflammation primary microglia traumatic brain injury

Procalcitionin as a diagnostic marker to distinguish upper and lower gastrointestinal perforation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第24期23卷 4422-4427页

作者： Yang Gao Kai-Jiang Yu Kai Kang Hai-Tao Liu Xing Zhang Rui Huang Jing-Dong Qu Si-Cong Wang Rui-Jin Liu Yan-Song Liu Hong-Liang Wang Department of critical care Medicine the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Department of critical care Medicine the Cancer Hospital of Harbin Medical University Institute of critical care Medicine in Sino Russian Medical Research Center of Harbin Medical University Department of critical care Medicine the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University

AIM To assess the accuracy of serum procalcitionin(PCT)as a diagnostic marker in verifying upper and lower gastrointestinal perforation(GIP).METHODS This retrospective study included 46 patients from the surgical intensive care unit(ICU)of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University who were confirmed to have GIP between June 2013 and December *** and clinical patient data were recorded on admission to *** were divided into upper(n=19)and lower(n=27)GIP groups according to the perforation site(above or below Treitz ligament).PCT and WBC count was obtained before laparotomy and then compared between ***,the diagnostic accuracy of PCT was *** Patients with lower GIP exhibited significantly higher APACHE II score,SOFA score and serum PCT level than patients with upper GIP(P=0.017,0.004,and0.001,respectively).There was a significant positive correlation between serum PCT level and APACHE II score or SOFA score(r=0.715 and r=0.611,respectively),while there was a significant negative correlation between serum PCT level and prognosis(r=-0.414).WBC count was not significantly different between the two groups,and WBC count showed no significant correlation with serum PCT level,APACHE II score,SOFA score or *** area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of PCT level to distinguish upper or lower GIP was *** with a serum PCT level above 17.94 ng/d L had a high likelihood of lower GIP,with a sensitivity of 100%and a specificity of 42.1%.CONCLUSION Serum PCT level is a reliable and accurate diagnostic marker in identifying upper or lower GIP before laparotomy.

关键词： Procalcitionin White blood cell count Gastrointestinal perforation Sepsis APACHE II score SOFA score