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Paleoenvironment evolution and organic matter enrichment mechanisms in the first member of the Qingshankou Formation,Songliao Basin,China

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2024年第2期18卷 364-383页

作者： Ying LI Min WANG Yu YAN Xin WANG Jinyou ZHANG Xuefeng BAI Yuchen ZHANG Jiaheng XUE Junsheng FEI Lianbin ZHANG Guojun WANG School of Geoscience China University of Petroleum(East China)Qingdao 266580China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas Qingdao 266580China Exploration and development Research Institute of daqing oilfield co.Ltd. Daqing 163712China Exploration Division PetroChina Daqing Oilfield CompanyDaqing 163453China Department of Physics Xiamen University MalaysiaBandar Sunsuria 43900Malaysia

Organic matter is the basis for oil and gas generation,and the depositional environment co.trols its *** first member of the Qingshankou Formation(K_(2)qn^(1))in Songliao Basin has a thick organic-rich shale and so is an important target section for shale oil exploration and *** the Gulong Sag,shale samples from this unit were co.lected over the full length of the *** characterization of the environments of deposition(EOD)of K_(2)qn^(1)was improved by utilizing lithological characteristics,thin section observations,elemental co.positions,and organic carbon *** with the normalization co.fficients proposed in this paper,an organic matter co.relation model was established to elucidate the factors that influence organic matter *** the bottom to the top of K2qn1,the lake depth gradually beco.es shallower,the primary productivity first decreases and then increases,the reducing co.ditions beco.e stronger and then weaker,the water salinity gradually decreases,the climate first beco.es semi-humid and then warm and humid,and the input of terrigenous debris first decreases and then increases.A major marine transgression at the base of the K_(2)qn^(1)᾽s brought in nutrients to increase primary productivity,and the density-stratified reducing environment preserved and enriched organic *** primary productivity occurred during the middle of the deposition of the K_(2)qn^(1),while terrigenous input is *** matter is preserved in reduced deep lake environments,resulting in organic matter-rich black *** lake became shallower,and the salinity decreased in the upper part of K_(2)qn^(1).Benthic organisms rapidly multiplied,co.suming large amounts of oxygen and destroying the previously depositional environment,resulting in a reducing environment disturbed by benthic organisms with poor preservation co.ditions and the lowest organic matter co.tent.

关键词： major and trace elements paleoenvironment evolution OM enrichment mechanism lacustrine shale Songliao Basin Qingshankou Formation

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Mechanical characteristics and reservoir stimulation mechanisms of the Gulong shale oil reservoirs, the northern Songliao Basin

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Petroleum Science 2024年第3期21卷 2023-2036页

作者： Si-Wei Meng Jia-Ping Tao Tian-Jiao Li Dong-Xu Li Su-Ling Wang Liu Yang Xin Liu Li-Hao Liang He Liu PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration development Beijing100083China National Key Laboratory of co.tinental Shale Oil Daqing 163002HeilongjiangChina Dalian University of Technology Dalian116024LiaoningChina PetroChina daqing oilfield co.Ltd. Daqing163002HeilongjiangChina Northeast Petroleum University Daqing163002HeilongjiangChina China University of Mining and Technology(Beijing) Beijing100083China

Shale oil of the Qingshankou Formation of the Gulong Sag,the northern Songliao Basin,represents the first attempt at large-scale development of pure-shale-type shale oil in *** integrating the multiscale refined reservoir characterization with macro-micro-scale mechanical testing,it is clarified that the Gulong shale is characterized by high clay mineral co.tent,high rock plasticity,highly-developed bedding,and prominent mechanical anisotropy.A three-dimensional(3D)fracture propagation model of hydraulic fracturing was built for the Gulong shale,which fully captures the hydraulic fracture distribution pattern affected by the high bedding density,in-situ stress,and fracturing treatment *** research showed that due to influences of bedding,hydraulic fracturing in the Gulong shale forms a co.plex fracture morphology featuring the main fracture with multiple perpendicular branches that have different lengths(like the outdoor directional TV antenna);however,the vertical propagation of fractures is inhibited,and the fracture height is co.monly less than 10 *** limited stimulated reservoir volume(SRV)is the main problem facing the fracturing stimulation of the Gulong shale *** density has vital effects on fracture morphology,so case-specific fracturing designs shall be developed for shale intervals with different bedding development *** reservoirs with welldeveloped bedding,it is suggested to properly increase the perforation cluster spacing and raise the volume and proportions of visco.s fluids of the pad,so as to effectively promote vertical fracture propagation and improve reservoir stimulation *** study integrates multi-scale fine reservoir characterization and macro-micro-scale mechanical testing,as well as the co.struction and numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing models for high-density layered shale reservoirs,providing a new approach and methodological framework for the fracturing research of high-density layer

关键词： Shale oil Hydraulic fracturing High bedding density Fracture propagation model

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The determination of sedimentary environment and associated energy in deep-buried marine carbonates:insights from natural gamma ray spectrometry log

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2024年第1期18卷 204-218页

作者： Jingyan LIU Qian CHANG Junlong ZHANG Hui CHAI Feng HE Yizan YANG Shiqiang XIA School of Energy Resources China University of Geosciences(Beijing)Beijing 100083China Exploration and development Research Institute Daqing Oilfield CompanyPetroChinaDaqing 163712China China National Oil and Gas Exploration and development co. Ltd(CNODC)Beijing 100032China Beijing Research Institute of Uranium Geology Beijing 100029China co.lege of Mining Engineering North China University of Science and TechnologyTangshan 063210China

It has always been challenging to determine the ancient sedimentary environment and associated energy in deep-buried marine *** energy represents the hydrodynamic co.ditions that existed when the carbonates were *** energy includes light and chemical energies in co.pounds and kinetic energy in currents and mass ***-buried marine carbonates deposited during the Ordovician depositional period in the eastern Tarim Basin result from a co.plex interplay of tectonics,sedimentation,and *** a result,determining the ancient sedimentary environment and associated energy is *** natural gamma-ray spectrometry(GRS)log(from 12 wells)is used in this paper to co.duct studies on the sedimentary environment and associated energy in deep-buried marine *** findings show that the values of thorium(Th),uranium(U),potassium(K),and gamma-ray without uranium(KTh)in a natural GRS log can reveal lithological associations,mineral co.position,diagenetic environment,stratigraphic water activity,and ancient climatic *** the Ordovician,quantitative analysis and determination of sedimentary environment energy are carried out using a co.prehensive calculation of natural GRS log parameters in typical wells(penetrating through the Ordovician with co.es and thin sections)of well GC4,well GC6,well GC7,and well *** results show that GRS log can determine different lithology associations in typical wells than a sieve residue ***,co.es and thin sections can be used to validate the determination of lithology *** on the determination of lithology associations,the lithology associations that reflect the sedimentary environment and associated energy can be analyzed in a new ***,the sedimentary environment energy curve derived from a natural GRS log can reveal hydrodynamic fluctuations during depositional periods,which will aid in the disco.ery of carbonate reservoirs,establishing sequence stratigra

关键词： ancient sedimentary environment energy of sedimentary environment marine deep-buried carbonates natural GRS the Ordovician eastern Tarim Basin

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Analysis of sensitivity to hydrate blockage risk in natural gas gathering pipeline

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Petroleum Science 2024年第4期21卷 2723-2733页

作者： Ao-Yang Zhang Meng Cai Na Wei Hai-Tao Li Chao Zhang Jun Pei Xin-Wei Wang State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation Southwest Petroleum University Research Institute of Production Engineering Daqing Oilfield Co.Ltd.

During the operational process of natural gas gathering and transmission pipelines, the formation of hydrates is highly probable, leading to unco.trolled movement and aggregation of hydrates. The co.tinuous migration and accumulation of hydrates further co.tribute to the obstruction of natural gas pipelines, resulting in production reduction, shutdowns, and pressure build-ups. co.sequently, a cascade of risks is prone to occur. To address this issue, this study focuses on the operational process of natural gas gathering and transmission pipelines, where a co.prehensive framework is established. This framework includes theoretical models for pipeline temperature distribution, pipeline pressure distribution, multiphase flow within the pipeline, hydrate blockage, and numerical solution methods. By analyzing the influence of inlet temperature, inlet pressure, and terminal pressure on hydrate formation within the pipeline, the sensitivity patterns of hydrate blockage risks are derived. The research indicates that reducing inlet pressure and terminal pressure co.ld lead to a decreased maximum hydrate formation rate, potentially mitigating pipeline blockage during natural gas transportation. Furthermore, an increase in inlet temperature and terminal pressure, and a decrease in inlet pressure, results in a displacement of the most probable location for hydrate blockage towards the terminal station. However,it is crucial to note that operating under low-pressure co.ditions significantly elevates energy co.sumption within the gathering system, co.tradicting the operational goal of energy efficiency and reduction of energy co.sumption. co.sequently, for high-pressure gathering pipelines, measures such as raising the inlet temperature or employing inhibitors, electrical heat tracing, and thermal insulation should be adopted to prevent hydrate formation during natural gas transportation. Moreover, co.sidering abnormal co.ditions such as gas well production and pipeline network s

关键词： Natural gas hydrates Gathering pipeline Temperature variation Hydrate formation rate Sensitivity analysis

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Anisotropy measurements and characterization of the Qingshankou shale

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Applied Geophysics 2024年第3期21卷 468-478,617页

作者： Li Qing-feng Yan Xue-hong Yan Wei-lin Ren Li Wang Peng Han Jian-qiang Xia Xue Chen Hao daqing oilfield Exploration Division Daqing163000HeilongjiangChina daqing Branch co.pany of CNPC Logging Daqing163000HeilongjiangChina Exploration and development Research Institute of daqing oilfield co. Ltd.Daqing163712China State Key Laboratory of Aco.stics Institute of AcousticsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China

Qingshankou shale(Gulong area,China)exhibits strong aco.stic anisotropy characteristics,posing significant challenges to its exploration and *** this study,the five full elastic co.stants and multipole response law of the Qingshankou shale were studied using experimental *** show that the anisotropy parametersϵandγin the study region are greater than 0.4,whereas the anisotropy parameterδis smaller,generally *** simulations show that the longitudinal and transverse wave velocities of these strong anisotropic rocks vary significantly with inclination angle,and significant differences in group velocity and phase velocity are also *** logging measures the group velocity in dipped boreholes;this differs from the phase velocity to some *** the dip angle increases,the longitudinal and SH wave velocities increase acco.dingly,while the qSV-wave velocity initially increases and then decreases,reaching its maximum value at a dip of approximately 40°.These results provide an effective guide for the co.rection and modeling of aco.stic logging time differences in the region.

关键词： Transverse isotropy anisotropy parameter sonic logging group velocity phase velocity

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Evaluating the stability and volumetric flowback rate of proppant packs in hydraulic fractures using the lattice Boltzmann-discrete element co.pling method

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2024年第6期16卷 2052-2063页

作者： Duo Wang Sanbai Li Rui Wang Binhui Li Zhejun Pan National Key Laboratory of co.tinental Shale Oil Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318China Institute of Unco.ventional Oil&Gas Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China National Center for Applied Mathematics Shenzhen(NCAMS) Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen518055China National Key Laboratory of co.tinental Shale Oil Daqing Oilfield of CNPCDaqing163002China daqing oilfield Exploration and development Research Institute DaqingHeilongjiang163712China

The stability and mobility of proppant packs in hydraulic fractures during hydrocarbon production are numerically investigated by the lattice Boltzmann-discrete element co.pling method(LB-DEM).This study starts with a preliminary proppant settling test,from which a solid volume fraction of 0.575 is calibrated for the proppant pack in the *** the established workflow to investigate proppant flowback,a displacement is applied to the fracture surfaces to co.pact the generated proppant pack as well as further mimicking proppant embedment under closure *** a pressure gradient is applied to drive the fluid-particle flow,a critical aperture-to-diameter ratio of 4 is observed,above which the proppant pack would *** results also show that the volumetric proppant flowback rate increases quadratically with the fracture aperture,while a linear variation between the particle flux and the pressure gradient is exhibited for a fixed fracture *** research outco.e co.tributes towards an improved understanding of proppant flowback in hydraulic fractures,which also supports an optimised proppant size selection for hydraulic fracturing operations.

关键词： Numerical simulation Hydraulic fracturing Proppant flowback Closure stress Particulate flow

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Implications for fault reactivation and seismicity induced by hydraulic fracturing

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Petroleum Science 2024年第2期21卷 1081-1098页

作者： Zi-Han Sun Ming-Guang Che Li-Hong Zhu Shu-Juan Zhang Ji-Yuan Lu Chang-Yu Jin Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines School of Resources and Civil Engineering and Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province on Deep Engineering and Intelligent TechnologyNortheastern UniversityShenyang110819LiaoningChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration&development PetroChina Company LimitedBeijing100084China The Exploration and development Research Institute of daqing oilfield Limited co.pany Daqing163458HeilongjiangChina

Evaluating the physical mechanisms that link hydraulic fracturing(HF) operations to induced earthquakes and the anticipated form of the resulting events is significant in informing subsurface fluid injection operations. Current understanding supports the overriding role of the effective stress magnitude in triggering earthquakes, while the impact of change rate of effective stress has not been systematically addressed. In this work, a modified critical stiffness was brought up to investigate the likelihood, impact,and mitigation of induced seismicity during and after hydraulic fracturing by developing a poroelastic model based on rate-and-state fraction law and linear stability analysis. In the new criterion, the change rate of effective stress was co.sidered a key variable to explore the evolution of this criterion and hence the likelihood of instability slip of fault. A co.pled fluid flow-deformation model was used to represent the entire hydraulic fracturing process in co.SOL Multiphysics. The possibility of triggering an earthquake throughout the entire hydraulic fracturing process, from fracturing to cessation, was investigated co.sidering different fault locations, orientations, and positions along the fault. The co.petition between the effects of the magnitude and change rate of effective stress was notable at each fracturing stage. The effective stress magnitude is a significant co.trolling factor during fracturing events, with the change rate dominating when fracturing is suddenly started or stopped. Instability dominates when the magnitude of the effective stress increases(co.stant injection at each fracturing stage) and the change rate of effective stress decreases(the injection process is suddenly stopped). Fracturing with a high injection rate, a fault adjacent to the hydraulic fracturing location and the position of the junction between the reservoir and fault are important to reduce the co.lomb failure stress(CFS) and enhance the critical stiffness as

关键词： Hydraulic fracturing co.lomb failure stress Rate-and-state fraction model Linear stability analysis Critical stiffness Seismically induced fault

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Unco.er the diagenetic water co.dition and dolomite formation in the Songliao Basin 91 Ma

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Journal of Earth Science 2024年

作者： Yuke Liu Huajian Wang Jinyou Zhang Yuntao Ye Xiaomei Wang Shuichang Zhang Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and development National Key Laboratory for Multi-resource co.laborated Green development of co.tinental Shale Oil Key Laboratory of Deep Petroleum Intelligent Exploration and development， Institute of Geology and Geophysics， Chinese Academy of Sciences PetroChina daqing oilfield co.， Ltd.

Lacustrine dolomite is receiving increasing attention to answer the diagenetic water co.dition of paleo-lake and “dolomite problem”. Here， a dolomite nodule from the Qingshankou Formation in the Songliao Basin was analyzed to explore the salinity， alkalinity， and redox co.ditions of the diagenetic water. Multiple proxies， including bulk boron （B） co.tent， B isotope co.position (δ11Bbul)， boron to gallium weight ratio （B/Ga） and carbonate oxygen isotope co.position (δ18Ocarb)， were used to determine the diagenetic water to be brackish-fresh. Through numerical simulation， we calculated the B co.tents， δ11B values and B/Ga in detritus （e.g.， clay， quartz and feldspar） and dolomite as two endmembers， co.firming the intense interference of clay minerals on δ11Bbul. By using the fitted δ11B of dolomite endmember （20.6‰）， we calculated the pH value of the diagenetic water to be 8.2. The negative δ11B value of detritus endmember （-12.9‰） might be related to the terrestrial weathering. The indicative nature of strontium to barium weight ratio （Sr/Ba） was discussed to deny its applicability as a proxy of salinity in carbonate system. High Sr/Ba ratio in this dolomite nodule indicated a sulfate-poor water co.dition， co.sistent with the iron-manganese （Fe-Mn） reduction environments reflected by the Mn/Fe molar ratio. The positive carbonate carbon isotopes (δ13Ccarb， 4.5‰-9.4‰) indicate that methanogenesis dominated the formation of dolomite， co.nciding with the weak sulfate reduction reaction in sulfate-poor water. The growth of dolomite nodule might be related to the microbial activities of methanogen and iron reducing bacteria， which had not only maintained the salinity， pH， and redox status of the diagenetic water， but also led to a ferric-methane transition zone （FMTZ）. This research depicts a scenario about the diagenetic water environment of lacustrine dolomite formed in brackish-fresh water， which is different from that occurred in sulfate-rich co.dition.

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Sciadopitysin exerts anticancer effects on HepG2 hepatocellular carcinoma cells by regulating reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling pathways

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BIOCELL 2024年第7期48卷 1055-1069页

作者： YAN-NAN LI YUN-HONG XIU YAN-JUN TANG JING-LONG CAO WEN-SHUANG HOU AN-QI WANG TIAN-ZHU LI CHENG-HAO JIN Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqingChina Hemodialysis Center Daqing Oilfield General HospitalDaqingChina Department of Food Science and Engineering Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqingChina Department of Molecular Biology Chifeng UniversityChifengChina National co.rse Cereals Engineering Research Center DaqingChina

Objectives:Sciadopitysin(SP)is aﬂavonoid in Ginkgo biloba that exhibits various pharmaco.ogical *** study aimed to investigate its antitumor effects and the underlying molecular mechanism of SP in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)***:Network pharmaco.ogy was used for target prediction *** co.nting Kit-8(CCK-8)assay was used to test the cell *** cytometry was used to test the cell cycle distribution,apoptosis status,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)*** and wound-healing assay was used to test the migration effect of SP on HepG2 *** Blot assay was used to test the expression levels of ***:Network pharmaco.ogy analysis results showed that the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and other signaling pathways are involved in the SP anti-HCC biological ***-8 assay results demonstrated that SP showed an obvious killing effect on three types of HCC cells and low cytotoxic effect on normal *** Blot andﬂow cytometry results showed that SP regulated MAPK/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)/nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)signaling pathway to induce mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis in HepG2 ***,SP can arrest the G0/G1 phase cell cycle via the protein kinase B(AKT)/p21/p27/cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK)/Cyclin signaling *** healing and transwell assays showed that SP inhibited cell motility and invasion through the AKT/glyco.en synthase kinase3β(GSK-3β)/vimentin/β-catenin signaling ***:Theseﬁndings demonstrated that SP induced mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis,arrested cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase,and inhibited cell migration by regulating the ROS-mediated signaling pathway in HepG2 ***,SP co.ld serve as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of human HCC.

关键词： Sciadopitysin Hepatocellular carcinoma Apoptosis Cell cycle Cell migration

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Research on a TOPSIS energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems based on a GA-BP neural network

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Petroleum Science 2024年第1期21卷 621-640页

作者： Xue-Qiang Zhang Qing-Lin Cheng Wei Sun Yi Zhao Zhi-Min Li Key Lab of Ministry of Education for Enhancing the Oil and Gas Reco.ery Ratio Northeast Petroleum UniversityDaqing163318HeilongjiangChina China Petroleum Pipeline Material and Equipment co. LtdLangfang065000HebeiChina Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering and Technology Sinopec Northwest Oilfield CompanyUrumqi830011XinjiangChina

As the main link of ground engineering,crude oil gathering and transportation systems require huge energy co.sumption and co.plex *** is necessary to establish an energy efficiency evaluation system for crude oil gathering and transportation systems and identify the energy efficiency *** this paper,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system in an oilfield in western China is *** with the big data analysis method,the GA-BP neural network is used to establish the energy efficiency index prediction model for crude oil gathering and transportation *** co.prehensive energy co.sumption,gas co.sumption,power co.sumption,energy utilization rate,heat utilization rate,and power utilization rate of crude oil gathering and transportation systems are *** the efficiency and unit co.sumption index of the crude oil gathering and transportation system,the energy efficiency evaluation system of the crude oil gathering and transportation system is established based on a game theory co.bined weighting method and TOPSIS evaluation method,and the subjective weight is determined by the triangular fuzzy analytic hierarchy *** entropy weight method determines the objective weight,and the co.bined weight of game theory co.bines subjectivity with objectivity to co.prehensively evaluate the co.prehensive energy efficiency of crude oil gathering and transportation systems and their ***,the weak links in energy utilization are identified,and energy co.servation and co.sumption reduction are *** above research provides technical support for the green,efficient and intelligent development of crude oil gathering and transportation systems.

关键词： Crude oil gathering and transportation system GA-BP neural network Energy efficiency evaluation TOPSIS evaluation method Energy saving and co.sumption reduction

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