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Prevalence and serotype distribution of nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae among healthy children under 5 years of age in Hainan Province, China

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 42-52页

作者： Jian Wang Li Qiu Shuang Bai Wei Zhao Ao Zhang Jing Li Jun-Nan Zhang Shan-Shan Zhou Ren Qiu Zhu Huang Jv-Xia Liu Ting-Bin Wang Xue Sun Jiang Wu Qun Zheng Bin He Min Lv Beijing center for disease prevention and control BeijingChina Beijing Research center for Respiratory Infectious diseases BeijingChina Hainan Provincial center for disease control and prevention HaikouChina Haikou center for disease control and prevention HaikouHainanChina Wanning center for disease control and prevention WanningHainanChina Baisha county center for disease control and prevention BaishaHainanChina Qiongzhong county center for disease control and prevention QiongzhongHainanChina

Background The thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine(PCV13)is not included in the national immu-nization program and is administered voluntarily with informed consent in China.In preparation for assessing the impact of pilot introduction in Hainan Province,we conducted a carriage study among children under 5 years of age from four locations in Hainan Province,China.Methods From March to June 2022,nasopharyngeal(NP)swabs,collected from healthy children aged younger than 59 months who lived in the 4 different locations(Haikou,Wanning,Baisha and Qiongzhong)in Hainan Province,were tested for pneumococcus using conventional culture.Pneumococcal isolates were serotyped using the Quel-lung reaction.Risk factors associated with pneumococcal colonization were assessed using univariate analysis and multivariable logistic regression adjusting for age,daycare attendance and other factors.Results Pneumococcus was isolated in 710(30.4%)of the 2333 children enrolled.Of 737 pneumococci,29 serotypes were identifed;60.9%were PCV13 serotypes;the most common vaccine serotypes were 6B(20.4%),19F(13.0%),6A(11.9%)and 23F(6.1%);and the most common nonvaccine serotypes were 23A(12.9%),34(6.1%)and nontypeable(NT)pneumococci(5.6%).Children vaccinated with PCV13 had lower carriage(17.7%vs 32.5%;P=0.0001)and fewer PCV13 serotypes(41.9%vs 62.7%;P=0.0017)compared to unimmunized children.After adjustment,NP carriage Was higher among children attending daycare(aOR=2.3,95%CI:1.7-3.2),living in rural areas(aOR=1.4,95%CI:1.1-1.8),living with siblings(aOR=1.3,95%CI:1.0-1.6)and whose mothers had completed senior high/technical sec-ondary school(aOR=1.5,95%CI:1.1-2.0).In contrast,completion of 3-4 doses of PCV13 were associated with a lower carriage rate(aOR=0.6,95%CI:0.4-0.9).Conclusions We established the baseline of pneumococcal carriage,serotype distribution and PCV13 immuni-zation rates among healthy children under 5 years of age in Hainan Province,prior to the introduction of PCV13 into the national immunization program.The high proport

关键词： Pneumococcus Nasopharyngeal carriage Serotypes distribution Children Hainan Province China

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Relationship Between Climate Change and Marmot Plague of Marmota himalayana Plague Focus—the Altun Mountains of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,China,2000–2022

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China CDC weekly 2024年第4期6卷 69-74,I0006页

作者： Qun Duan Xiaojin Zheng Zhiqiang Gan Dongyue Lyu Hanyu Sha Xinmin Lu Xiaoling Zhao Asaiti Bukai Ran Duan Shuai Qin Li Wang Jinxiao Xi Di Wu Peng Zhang Deming Tang Zhaokai He Huaiqi Jing Biao Kan Xin Wang National Institute for Communicable disease control and prevention Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Akesai Kazak Autonomous county center for disease control and prevention Jiuquan CityGansu ProvinceChina Jiuquan center for disease control and prevention Jiuquan CityGansu ProvinceChina Gansu Provincial center for disease control and prevention Lanzhou CityGansu ProvinceChina

Introduction:Plague is a zoonotic disease that occurs naturally in specific geographic areas.Climate change can influence the populations of the plague host or vector,leading to variations in the occurrence and epidemiology of plague in animals.Methods:In this study,we collected meteorological and plague epidemiological data from the Marmota himalayana plague focus in the Altun Mountains of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.The data spanned from 2000 to 2022.We describe the climatic factors and plague epidemic conditions and we describe their analysis by Pearson’s correlation.Results:During the period from 2000 to 2022,the isolation rates of Yersinia pestis(Y.pestis)from marmots and fleas were 9.27%(451/4,864)and 7.17%(118/1,646),respectively.Additionally,we observed a positive rate of F1 antibody of 11.25%(443/3,937)in marmots and 18.16%(142/782)in dogs.With regards to climate,there was little variation,and a decreasing trend in blowing-sand days was observed.The temperature in the previous year showed a negative correlation with the Y.pestis isolation rate in marmots(r=−0.555,P=0.011)and the positive rate of F1 antibody in marmots(r=−0.552,P=0.012)in the current year.The average annual precipitation in the previous two years showed a positive correlation with marmot density(r=0.514,P=0.024),while blowingsand days showed a negative correlation with marmot density(r=−0.701,P=0.001).Furthermore,the average annual precipitation in the previous three years showed a positive correlation with the isolation rate of Y.pestis from marmots(r=0.666,P=0.003),and blowing-sand days showed a negative correlation with marmot density(r=−0.597,P=0.009).Conclusions:The findings of this study indicate that there is a hysteresis effect of climate change on the prevalence of plague.Therefore,monitoring climate conditions can offer significant insights for implementing timely preventive and control measures to combat plague epidemics.

关键词： Plague epidemiology Plateau

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Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression in Assessing Dengue Fever Spread Factors in Yunnan Border Regions

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2024年第5期37卷 511-520页

作者： ZHU Xiao Xiang WANG Song Wang LI Yan Fei ZHANG Ye Wu SU Xue Mei ZHAO Xiao Tao National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102211China Yunnan Institute of Parasitic diseases Pu’er 665000YunnanChina

Objective This study employs the Geographically and Temporally Weighted Regression(GTWR)model to assess the impact of meteorological elements and imported cases on dengue fever outbreaks,emphasizing the spatial-temporal variability of these factors in border regions.Methods We conducted a descriptive analysis of dengue fever’s temporal-spatial distribution in Yunnan border areas.Utilizing annual data from 2013 to 2019,with each county in the Yunnan border serving as a spatial unit,we constructed a GTWR model to investigate the determinants of dengue fever and their spatio-temporal heterogeneity in this region.Results The GTWR model,proving more effective than Ordinary Least Squares(OLS)analysis,identified significant spatial and temporal heterogeneity in factors influencing dengue fever’s spread along the Yunnan border.Notably,the GTWR model revealed a substantial variation in the relationship between indigenous dengue fever incidence,meteorological variables,and imported cases across different counties.Conclusion In the Yunnan border areas,local dengue incidence is affected by temperature,humidity,precipitation,wind speed,and imported cases,with these factors’influence exhibiting notable spatial and temporal variation.

关键词： Dengue fever Meteorological factor Geographically and temporally weighted regression

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Epidemiology of Leprosy in China, 2021: An Update

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International Journal of Dermatology And Venereology 2024年第1期07卷 35-39页

作者： Shi Ying Sun Pei-Wen Wang Le Wang Hong-Sheng Yu Mei-Wen Gu Heng National center for Leprosy control Chinese center for disease control and prevention Hospital for Skin diseases (Institute of Dermatology) Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Nanjing Jiangsu 210042 China

Objective: Leprosy is an infectious diseases that remains a concerning public health issue. The infection ofMycobacterium leprae still exists at the county level in hard-to-access areas in southwest China. An accurate analysis of the prevalence of leprosy in various regions is necessary for the formulation of prevention and control strategies, so we conducted this study to describe the epidemiological characteristics of leprosy in China in 2021 and provide essential information for future national leprosy control and prevention strategies.Methods: We collected epidemiological data of leprosy from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities of China (except for Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan) provided by the Leprosy Management Information System. We performed a comparative analysis of the epidemiological features of patients with leprosy including age, sex, geographical distribution, and grade of disability.Results: In total, 374 newly detected leprosy cases were reported nationwide in China in 2021, giving an incidence rate of 0.27 per million population, which represented a decrease of 7.9% compared with 2020. Among the population with leprosy in 2021 that comprised 238 males (63.6%) and 136 females (36.4%), 1.9% (7/374) were children younger than 15 years, 92.8% (347/374) had multibacillary leprosy, and 18.2% (68/374) had grade 2 disability. More than half of the new leprosy cases (54.8%, 205/374) were distributed in southwest China. There were 33 relapsed leprosy cases reported in 2021. By the end of 2021, there were 1,897 registered leprosy cases reported nationwide, giving a prevalence rate of 1.35 per million population.Conclusion: The leprosy epidemic in China shows a downward trend in terms of the prevalence and incidence rates. However, the high prevalence of leprosy in southwest China is still a matter of concern.

关键词： epidemiology leprosy China newly detected leprosy cases multibacillary leprosy paucibacillary leprosy incidence rate prevalence rate

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Epidemiological features of seasonal influenza transmission among 11 climate zones in Chinese mainland

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2024年第1期13卷 27-41页

作者： Xiaohan Si Liping Wang Kerrie Mengersen Wenbiao Hu Ecosystem Change and Population Health Research Group School of Public Health and Social WorkQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4059Australia Information center Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China School of Mathematical Sciences Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneQLD 4000Australia

Background Previous studies provided some evidence of meteorological factors influence seasonal influenza transmission patterns varying across regions and latitudes.However,research on seasonal influenza activities based on climate zones are still in lack.This study aims to utilize the ecological-based Koppen Geiger climate zones classif-cation system to compare the spatial and temporal epidemiological characteristics of seasonal influenza in Chinese mainland and assess the feasibility of developing an early warning system.Methods Weekly influenza cases number from 2014 to 2019 at the county and city level were sourced from China National Notifiable Infectious disease Report Information System.Epidemic temporal indices,time series seasonality decomposition,spatial modelling theories including Moran's/and local indicators of spatial association were applied to identify the spatial and temporal patterns of influenza transmission.Results All climate zones had peaks in Winter-Spring season.Arid,desert,cold(BWk)showed up the first peak.Only Tropical,savannah(Aw)and Temperate,dry winter with hot summer(Cwa)zones had unique summer peak.Temper-ate,no dry season and hot summer(Cfa)zone had highest average incidence rate(IR)at 1.047/100,000.The Global Moran's/showed that average IR had significant clustered trend(z=53.69,P<0.001),with local Moran's/identi-fied high-high cluster in Cfa and Cwa.IR differed among three age groups between climate zones(O-14 years old:F=26.80,P<0.001;15-64 years old:F=25.04,P<0.001;Above 65 years old:F=5.27,P<0.001).Age group 0-14 years had highest average IR in Cwa and Cfa(IR=6.23 and 6.21)with unique dual peaks in winter and spring season showed by seasonality decomposition.Conclusions Seasonal influenza exhibited distinct spatial and temporal patterns in different climate zones.Seasonal influenza primarily emerged in BWk,subsequently in Cfa and Cwa.Cfa,Cwa and BSk pose high risk for seasonal influ-enza epidemics.The research finds will provide scientific evidence for developing seasonal infl

关键词： Seasonal influenza Koppen Geiger climate zones classification system Chinese mainland Seasonality decomposition Local indicators of spatial association

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Genetic Insights into Glycine’s Protective Role Against CAD—European and East Asia,2015 and 2020

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China CDC weekly 2024年第9期6卷 168-172,I0003-I0008页

作者： Jiaying Yu Zhuolin Zhu Ting Wang Yuanhao Wei Lianjie Huang Qianru Zhang Yuting Zhang Yiran Wang Guiyou Liu Xiang Shu Rennan Feng Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene School of Public HealthHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin CityHeilongjiang ProvinceChina Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Health of Ministry of Education School of Public HealthHarbin Medical UniversityHarbin CityHeilongjiang ProvinceChina Songyang county center for disease prevention and control Songyang CityZhejiang Province China Department of Neurology Xuanwu HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew York CityNYUSA

Introduction:The purpose of this study is to examine the potential causal relationship between levels of circulating glycine and coronary artery disease(CAD)using a two-step Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis.Methods:We analyzed data from genome-wide association studies(GWAS)conducted on European and East Asian populations.To assess the causal effects of circulating glycine levels on the risk of CAD.We used the inverse-variance weighting(IVW),weighted median(WM),MR-Egger,and Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier(MR-PRESSO)methods.Furthermore,we conducted mediation analysis to investigate the contribution of blood pressure and other cardiovascular disease-related traits.Results:The two-step Mendelian randomization analysis revealed that higher levels of glycine in the blood were associated with a reduced risk of CAD in Europeans[odds ratio(OR)=0.84,95%confidence interval(CI):0.72,−0.98;P=0.029]and East Asians:(OR=0.76,95%CI:0.66,−0.89;P=3.57×10−4).Sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of these findings.Additionally,our results suggest that about 6.06%of the observed causal effect is mediated through genetically predicted systolic blood pressure(SBP)in the European population.Discussion:Our results contribute to the current knowledge regarding the involvement of glycine in the progression of CAD,and provide valuable methodological insights for the prevention and treatment of this condition.

关键词： CAD prevention involvement

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Efficacy,safety and immunogenicity of hexavalent rotavirus vaccine in Chinese infants

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Virologica Sinica 2022年第5期37卷 724-730页

作者： Zhiwei Wu Qingliang Li Yan Liu Huakun Lv Zhaojun Mo Fangjun Li Qingchuan Yu Fei Jin Wei Chen Yong Zhang Teng Huang Xiaosong Hu Wei Xia Jiamei Gao Haisong Zhou Xuan Bai Yueyue Liu Zhenzhen Liang Zhijun Jiang Yingping Chen Jiuwei Zhang Jialiang Du Biao Yang Bo Xing Yantao Xing Ben Dong Qinghai Yang Chen Shi Tingdong Yan Bo Ruan Haiyun Shi Xingliang Fan Dongyang Feng Weigang Lv Dong Zhang Xiangchu Kong Liuyifan Zhou Dinghong Que Hong Chen Zhongbing Chen Xiang Guo Weiwei Zhou Cong Wu Qingrong Zhou Yuqing Liu Jian Qiao Ying Wang Xinguo Li Kai Duan Yuliang Zhao Gelin Xu Xiaoming Yang Hebei center for disease control and prevention Shijiazhuang050021China National Engineering Technology Research center for Combined Vaccines Wuhan Institute of Biological Product Co.Ltd.Wuhan430207China National Institutes for Food and Drug control Beijing100050China Zhejiang center for disease control and prevention Hangzhou310051China Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region center for disease control and prevention Nanning530028China Hunan center for disease control and prevention Changsha410005China Zhengding county center for disease control and prevention Shijiazhuang050800China Daming county center for disease control and prevention Handan056900China Liucheng county center for disease control and prevention Liuzhou545200China Xiangtan county center for disease control and prevention Xiangtan411228China Yuhuan county center for disease control and prevention Taizhou317600China Yongnian county center for disease control and prevention Handan056000China Rongshui Miao Autonomous county center for disease control and prevention Liuzhou545300China You county center for disease control and prevention Zhuzhou412315China Longyou county center for disease control and prevention Quzhou324400China Laishui county center for disease control and prevention Baoding 074100China Jiangshan county center for disease control and prevention Quzhou324100China China National Biotec Group Company Limited National Engineering Technology Research Center for Combined VaccinesWuhan430207China

A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled multicenter trial was conducted in healthy Chinese infants to assess the efficacy and safety of a hexavalent live human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine(HRV)against rotavirus gastroenteritis(RVGE).A total of 6400 participants aged 6-12 weeks were enrolled and randomly assigned to either HRV(n?3200)or placebo(n?3200)group.All the subjects received three oral doses of vaccine four weeks apart.The vaccine efficacy(VE)against RVGE caused by rotavirus serotypes contained in HRV was evaluated from 14 days after three doses of administration up until the end of the second rotavirus season.VE against severe RVGE,VE against RVGE hospitalization caused by serotypes contained in HRV,and VE against RVGE,severe RVGE,and RVGE hospitalization caused by natural infection of any serotype of rotavirus were also investigated.All adverse events(AEs)were collected for 30 days after each dose.Serious AEs(SAEs)and intussusception cases were collected during the entire study.Our data showed that VE against RVGE caused by serotypes contained in HRV was 69.21%(95%CI:53.31-79.69).VE against severe RVGE and RVGE hospitalization caused by serotypes contained in HRV were 91.36%(95%CI:78.45-96.53)and 89.21%(95%CI:64.51-96.72)respectively.VE against RVGE,severe RVGE,and RVGE hospitalization caused by natural infection of any serotype of rotavirus were 62.88%(95%CI:49.11-72.92),85.51%(95%CI:72.74-92.30)and 83.68%(95%CI:61.34-93.11).Incidences of AEs from the first dose to one month post the third dose in HRV and placebo groups were comparable.There was no significant difference in incidences of SAEs in HRV and placebo groups.This study shows that this hexavalent reassortant rotavirus vaccine is an effective,well-tolerated,and safe vaccine for Chinese infants.

关键词： Rotavirus gastroenteritis(RVGE) Infants Vaccine Efficacy Safety

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Epidemiological Investigation of an Inhalational Anthrax Patient Traveling for Medical Treatment in Beijing Municipality,China,August 2021

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China CDC weekly 2022年第1期4卷 4-7页

作者： Changying Lin Xiangfeng Dou Daitao Zhang Yinqi Sun Huiqiang Han Chunzhi Chen Xiaojun Zhang Shuang Li Yanwei Chen Hongbin Zhang Bin Wang Zhichao Liang Xin Zhang Feng Wei Jiangli Wang Feng Liu Quanyi Wang Jian Shi Peng Yang Beijing center for disease control and prevention BeijingChina Hebei Provincial center for disease control and prevention ShijiazhuangHebeiChina Chengde center for disease control and prevention ChengdeHebeiChina Haidian District center of disease control and prevention HaidianBeijingChina Weichang county center for disease control and prevention ChengdeHebeiChina.

Summary What is already known about this topic?Inhalational anthrax,also known as pulmonary anthrax,is an infectious disease caused by Bacillus anthracis.The patients are usually infected by inhaling aerosolized B.anthracis spores from dead animals or animal products.Compared to cutaneous anthrax,inhalational anthrax is rare and deadly and few cases in China were reported.What is added by this report?This report covers all information of clinical features,laboratory testing,and epidemiological characteristics as well as exposure history of a recent primary inhalational anthrax patient who was seeking medical treatment in Beijing Municipality in August 2021.New laboratory techniques,including second-generation sequencing,polymerase chain reaction,and rapid test for serum antibody,played an important role in the process.What are the implications for public health practice?The information provided in this report,including the correct sample type,epidemiological investigation details,and application of the new diagnostic criteria of anthrax,could assist public health professionals in dealing with anthrax epidemics.

关键词： clinical details dealing

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Anaplasma bovis Infection in Fever and Thrombocytopenia Patients——Anhui Province,China,2021

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China CDC weekly 2022年第12期4卷 249-253,I0005,I0006页

作者： Miao Lu Qingqing Chen Xincheng Qin Yong Lyu Zhongqiu Teng Kun Li Liang Yu Xiaojing Jin Hongwei Chang Wen Wang Dayin Hong Yong Sun Biao Kan Lei Gong Tian Qin State Key Laboratory of Infectious disease prevention and control National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijingChina Anhui Provincial center for disease control and prevention Hefei CityAnhui ProvinceChina Lu’an Municipal center for disease control and prevention Lu’an CityAnhui ProvinceChina Jinzhai county center for disease control and prevention Lu’an CityAnhui ProvinceChina Jinzhai county People’s Hospital Lu’an CityAnhui ProvinceChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?The genus Anaplasma contains seven recognized bacterial species,mainly transmitted by tick bites.The two species,A.phagocytophilum and A.capra,are known commonly to cause diseases in humans.What is added by this report?Anaplasma bovis was initially thought to be only an animal agent until the first patient case was reported in 2019.This study investigated another two patients who became sick within one month in the same township and were infected with A.bovis in Anhui Province.

关键词： Anhui Province. initially

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Prevalence,Incidence,and Characteristics of Tuberculosis Among Known Diabetes Patients—A Prospective Cohort Study in 10 Sites,2013–2015

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China CDC weekly 2022年第3期4卷 41-46页

作者： Jun Cheng Yanling Yu Qiongjin Ma Zhijian Wang Qingrong Zhou Guolong Zhang Shuangyi Hou Lin Zhou Feiying Liu Lan Xia Lin Xu Canyou Zhang Yinyin Xia Hui Chen Hui Zhang Lixia Wang National center for Tuberculosis control and prevention China CDCBeijingChina Heilongjiang Provincial center for disease control and prevention HarbinHeilongjiangChina Minhang District center for disease control and prevention ShanghaiChina center for disease control and prevention of Danyang county DanyangJiangsuChina center for disease control and prevention of Jiangshan city JiangshanZhejiangChina Henan Provincial center for disease control and prevention ZhengzhouHenanChina Hubei Provincial center for disease control and prevention WuhanHubeiChina center for Tuberculosis control of Guangdong Province GuangzhouGuangdongChina Guangxi center for disease prevention and control NanningGuangxi Zhuang Autonomous RegionChina Sichuan Provincial center for disease control and prevention ChengduSichuanChina Yunnan Provincial center for disease control and prevention KunmingYunnanChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?The association of diabetes mellitus(DM)with both increased risk of tuberculosis(TB)and unfavorable treatment outcomes has been identified by many studies(1).However,epidemic data for TB cases in DM patients is absent in China.What is added by this report?This current population-based prospective cohort study,conducted in ten counties located in eastern,central,and western China during 2013–2015,revealed a high prevalence and incidence of TB in known DM patients.Most TB cases were captured by active case-finding and a much higher presence of being asymptomatic among TB/DM patients was obtained.What are the implications for public health practice?Active case-finding should be carried out in DM patients and populations at high risk for developing TB.A TB symptom screening-based case-finding strategy is not enough;chest radiography check should be done once a year for these patients.

关键词： finding Diabetes Patients

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