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Use of bio-based products towards more sustainable road paving binders: A state-of-the-art review

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Journal of Road Engineering 2024年第2期4卷 151-162页

作者： Alessio Musco Giulia Tarsi Piergiorgio Tataranni Ernesto Salzano Cesare Sangiorgi Department of Civil ChemicalEnvironmental and Materials Engineering(DICAM)Alma Mater Studiorum-University of BolognaBologna 40131Italy

Many industrial sectors exploit fossil sources to develop useful and necessary materials for our needs,such as bituminous paving ***,a key component of asphalt mixtures,is derived from oil refining and its properties are influenced by the crude oil source and refining process,resulting in a significant carbon *** growing awareness of resource depletion and environmental concerns,pavement researchers are exploring sustainable alternatives to reduce dependence on fossil *** includes a rising trend in using renewable materials like biomasses to produce bio-based binders as substitutes for bitumen,aiming for a more sustainable ***,including vegetal and animal wastes,and waste cooking oils,as substitutes for crude oil in the production of *** thermochemical conversion(TCC),such as pyrolysis,biomasses can be converted into bio-char and bio-oils,which can replace fossil-based components in *** have utilized these bio-products to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels in ***,there are no set minimum requirements for bio-components in bio-based *** the percentage of replaced bitumen increases,various types of binders are produced,including modified bitumen,extended bitumen,and alternative binders,where the fossil replacement is *** rheological tests on bio-binders,reveal that those containing biochar exhibit increased viscosity,stiffness,rutting resistance,and sometimes antioxidant ***,bio-binders with bio-oils as bitumen substitutes show poorer performance at high temperatures but improved behavior at low *** results suggest that bio-binders could provide versatile solutions for various climatic and loading conditions in road ***,the development of pavement mixtures based on bio-binders has not been studied in depth and requires further attention to unlock its full *** sustainability considerations,includin

关键词： Biomass Chemical process Bitumen replacement Bio-binder Paving material

An Overview of Seismic Risk Management for Italian Architectural Heritage

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结构耐久性与健康监测(英文) 2023年第5期17卷 353-368页

作者： Lucio Nobile Laboratory LADS Department DICAMUniversity of BolognaCesenaItaly

The frequent occurrence of seismic events in Italy poses a strategic problem that involves either the culture of preservation of historical heritage or the civil protection action aimed to reduce the risk to people and goods(buildings,bridges,dams,slopes,etc.).Most of the Italian architectural heritage is vulnerable to earthquakes,identifying the vulnerability as the inherent predisposition of the masonry building to suffer damage and collapse during an *** fact,the structural concept prevailing in these ancient masonry buildings is aimed at ensuring prevalent resistance to vertical gravity *** do these ancient masonry structures offer relevant resistance to actions other than vertical ones and then they are intrinsically vulnerable to stresses induced by the *** of the main technical activities carried out by the Civil Protection after an earthquake is to assess the damage in the buildings and to evaluate their own *** historical buildings,ad-hoc synthetic forms,drafted in agreement between the Italian Civil Protection Department and the Ministry of Cultural Heritage and Activities and Tourism and based on visual inspection,are adopted by qualified *** this paper,such activities are described and discussed along with the Italian Civil Protection ***,given the complexity of the main technical activities to be performed after an earthquake there is a need for more accurate methods based on Structural Health Monitoring.

关键词： Architectural heritage damage assessment usability evaluation visual inspection structural health monitoring

Simulation of a ground-mounted prism in ABL flow using LES:on overview of error metrics and distribution

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Advances in Aerodynamics 2023年第1期5卷 167-185页

作者： Jin Xing Department of Civil ChemicalEnvironmentaland Materials Engineering(DICAM)University of BolognaViale del Risorgimento 2Bologna 40136Italy

The accuracy of wind loading predictions using Large Eddy Simulation(LES)is usually influenced by numerous model parameters,which can influence the obtained *** validation of numerical simulations with traditional Wind Tunnel Test(WTT)is still an important task,necessary to increase our a priori knowledge of possible inaccuracies and set up mitigation *** this study,LES is used to simulate the wind fields around an isolated model high-rise building,under seven wind attack angles and vali-dated with WTT *** influence of various settings and parameters on the model performance is *** the angle of attack showing higher inaccuracy,different mesh refinement strategies and turbulence models are *** indicate that LES can accurately predict the mean and local maxima of the pressure coefficients for both perpendicular and skew wind attack angles,as well as reproduce global forces and their envelopes with very good ***,pronounced errors are found in the prediction of the pressure coefficient standard deviation and the local *** highest deviations between LES and WTT are found close to the leading edge in cor-respondence of flow separations which are observed in WTT and not in LES for skew *** addition of boundary layer cells and the use of different subgrid models have very limited effectiveness in modifying the obtained results for the analysed case.

关键词： Wind loading CFD High-rise buildings Large eddy simulation Aerodynamics

Backward automatic calibration for three-dimensional landslide models

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Geoscience Frontiers 2021年第1期12卷 231-241页

作者： Giacomo Titti Giulia Bossi Gordon G.D.Zhou Gianluca Marcato Alessandro Pasuto dicam-unibo Department of CivilChemicalEnvironmental and Materials EngineeringAlma Mater Studiorum University of BolognaViale Risorgimento 2Bologna40136Italy IRPI-CNR Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological ProtectionNational Research CouncilC.so Stati Uniti4Padova35127Italy IMHE-CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Hazards and Earth Surface Process/Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesBlock 4Renminnanlu RoadChengdu610041China

Back-analysis is broadly used for approaching geotechnical problems when monitoring data are available and information about the soils properties is of poor *** landslide stability assessment back-analysis calibration is usually carried out by time consuming trial-and-error *** paper presents a new automatic Decision Support System that supports the selection of the soil parameters for three-dimensional models of landslides based on monitoring *** method considering a pool of possible solutions,generated through permutation of soil parameters,selects the best ten configurations that are more congruent with the measured *** reduces the operator biases while on the other hand allows the operator to control each step of the *** final selection of the preferred solution among the ten best-fitting solutions is carried out by an *** operator control is necessary as he may include in the final decision process all the qualitative elements that cannot be included in a qualitative analysis but nevertheless characterize a landslide dynamic as a whole epistemological subject,for example on the base of geomorphological evidence.A landslide located in Northeast Italy has been selected as example for showing the system *** proposed method is straightforward,scalable and robust and could be useful for researchers and practitioners.

关键词： Automatic landslide modelling FLAC3D~(TM) Back-analysis Optimization Decision Support System

A quantum‐like approach for text generation from knowledge graphs

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2023年第4期8卷 1455-1463页

作者： Jia Zhu Xiaodong Ma Zhihao Lin Pasquale De Meo Key Laboratory of Intelligent Education Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Normal UniversityJinhuaChina School of Computer Science South China Normal UniversityGuangzhouChina dicam Department University of MessinaMessinaItaly

Recent text generation methods frequently learn node representations from graph‐based data via global or local aggregation,such as knowledge *** all nodes are connected directly,node global representation encoding enables direct communication between two distant nodes while disregarding graph *** local representation encoding,which captures the graph structure,considers the connections between nearby nodes but misses out onlong‐range relations.A quantum‐like approach to learning bettercontextualised node embeddings is proposed using a fusion model that combines both encoding *** methods significantly improve on two graph‐to‐text datasets compared to state‐of‐the‐art models in various experiments.

关键词： data mining knowledge‐based vision machine learning natural language processing text analysis

AENO:a Novel Reconstruction Method in Conjunction with ADER Schemes for Hyperbolic Equations

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2023年第2期5卷 776-852页

作者： Eleuterio F.Toro Andrea Santacá Gino I.Montecinos Morena Celant Lucas O.Müller Laboratory of Applied Mathematics DICAMUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly Department of Mathematics University of TrentoTrentoItaly Department of Natural Sciences and Technology Universidad de AysénObispo Vielmo 62CoyhaiqueChile

In this paper,we present a novel spatial reconstruction scheme,called AENO,that results from a special averaging of the ENO polynomial and its closest neighbour,while retaining the stencil direction decided by the ENO choice.A variant of the scheme,called m-AENO,results from averaging the modified ENO(m-ENO)polynomial and its closest *** concept is thoroughly assessed for the one-dimensional linear advection equation and for a one-dimensional non-linear hyperbolic system,in conjunction with the fully discrete,high-order ADER approach implemented up to fifth order of accuracy in both space and *** results,as compared to the conventional ENO,m-ENO and WENO schemes,are very ***,our results show that the L_(1)-errors of the novel AENO approach are the smallest for most cases ***,for a chosen error size,AENO turns out to be the most efficient method of all five methods tested.

关键词： Hyperbolic equations High-order ADER ENO/m-ENO/WENO Novel reconstruction technique AENO/m-AENO

Optimization of the Mix-Design System for the Sub-ballast Railroad

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering 2017年第5期5卷 246-259页

作者： Martinez Soto Fernando Di Mino Gaetano Department of Civil Environmental and Materials Engineering (DICAM) University of Palermo 90128 Palermo Italy Department of Civil Environmental Aerospace Materials Engineering (DICAM) University of Palermo 90128 Palermo Italy

Bituminous sub-ballast is an alternative solution to the unbound granular sub-ballast used in the railway track due to several benefits that it can provide. Indeed, it contributes to maintain the moisture content in the subgrade unchanged during all year. This decreases the subgrade deterioration process. Moreover, the presence of bituminous sub-ballast can also reduce vertical stiffness variations on the track; it can have a positive effect in the maintenance needs at transition sections （bridge-embankment） and in the attenuation of the vibrations induced by the rail traffic. Despite the importance of the presence of the bituminous sub-ballast to conceive the construction and/or rehabilitation of sustainable infrastructure, in literature, there are only fragmentary information regarding the definition of benchmark criteria for their mix design. The superpave mix design approach used in road domain is applied systematically in the railway domain, without being adjusted for different load configuration of the rail track system. This research work aims at defining the benchmark criteria for the bituminous sub-ballast mix design to reduce the approximations involved in the recipe optimization due to the limitation of applying the superpave system in the railway domain. The methodology proposed aims at selecting the RESAL （rail equivalent single axle load） and therefore, transforming the entire traffic spectrum on the track lines in number of ESALs. Afterwards, the Ndesign has been calculated as function of the rail traffic level. Finally, a case study of bituminous sub-ballast mix design has been investigated for a first verification of the methodology proposed.

关键词： Sub-ballast superpave railway bituminous layer ESAL Ndesign.

ADER Methods for Hyperbolic Equations with a Time-Reconstruction Solver for the Generalized Riemann Problem: the Scalar Case

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2020年第3期2卷 369-402页

作者： R.Demattè V.A.Titarev G.I.Montecinos E.F.Toro Department of Aerospace Science and Technology Politecnico di MilanoMilanItaly Dorodnicyn Computing Center Federal Research Center Computer Science and ControlRussianAcademy of SciencesMoscowRussia Departamento de Ciencias Naturales y Tecnología Universidad de AysénCoyhaiqueChile Laboratory of Applied Mathematics DICAMUniversity of TrentoTrentoItaly

The ADER approach to solve hyperbolic equations to very high order of accuracy has seen explosive developments in the last few years,including both methodological aspects as well as very ambitious *** spite of methodological progress,the issues of efficiency and ease of implementation of the solution of the associated generalized Riemann problem(GRP)remain the centre of attention in the ADER *** the original formulation of ADER schemes,the proposed solution procedure for the GRP was based on(i)Taylor series expansion of the solution in time right at the element interface,(ii)subsequent application of the Cauchy-Kowalewskaya procedure to convert time derivatives to functionals of space derivatives,and(iii)solution of classical Riemann problems for high-order spatial derivatives to complete the Taylor series *** realistic problems the Cauchy-Kowalewskaya procedure requires the use of symbolic manipulators and being rather cumbersome its replacement or simplification is highly *** this paper we propose a new class of solvers for the GRP that avoid the Cauchy-Kowalewskaya procedure and result in simpler ADER *** is achieved by exploiting the history of the numerical solution that makes it possible to devise a time-reconstruction procedure at the element *** relying on a time Taylor series expansion of the solution at the interface,the time derivatives are then easily calculated from the time-reconstruction *** resulting schemes are called ADER-TR.A thorough study of the linear stability properties of the linear version of the schemes is carried out using the von Neumann method,thus deducing linear stability ***,via careful numerical experiments,we deduce stability regions for the corresponding non-linear *** examples using the present simplified schemes of fifth and seventh order of accuracy in space and time show that these compare favourably with conventional ADER ***

关键词： Hyperbolic equations Finite volume ADER methods Generalized Riemann problem(GRP) Time-reconstruction(TR)

Functional group resolved NMR relaxation of 3-carbon adsorbates in mesoporous alumina

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Magnetic Resonance Letters 2023年第3期3卷 248-255,I0004页

作者： Neil Robinson Carmine D’Agostino Michael LJohns Department of Chemical Engineering The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayPerthWA 6009Australia Department of Chemical Engineering The University of ManchesterOxford RoadManchesterM139PLUK Dipartimento di Ingegneria Civile ChimicaAmbientale e Dei Materiali(DICAM)Alma Mater Studiorum e Universita di BolognaVia Terracini28Bologna40131Italy

NMR relaxation analysis provides a unique and non-invasive probe of fluid dynamics within porous materials,and may be applied to the interpretation of a wide variety of material and interfacial ***,we report two-dimensional^(1)H T_(1)-T_(2)relaxation correlation measurements of a range of three-carbon adsorbates(1-propanol,2-propanol and propanoic acid)imbibed within the mesoporous metal oxide *** data,acquired across field strengths of 2 MHz,12.7 MHz and 43 MHz,clearly reveal two populations in each measurement,identified as the alkyl and hydroxyl moieties of each *** results expand the range of materials in which such functional group resolved relaxation is known to occur,and demonstrate the clear persistence of such phenomena using a range of typical benchtop NMR systems employed to study fluid-saturated porous media.

关键词： NMR relaxation Adsorption Porous media Low-field NMR