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家禽红螨(鸡皮刺螨)的意义及防治

养禽与禽病防治 2024年第4期 25-40页

作者： O.A.E.Sparagano D.R.George D.WJ.Harrington A.Giangaspero 刘红(校对) Faculty of Health and Life Sciences Northumbria UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne NE18STUnited Kingdom Poultry Division Chr.Hansen A/S2970 HorsholmDenmark Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie degli Alimenti e dell'AmbienteUniversita di Foggia71121Italy 默沙东动物保健品(上海)有限公司

家禽红螨(鸡皮刺螨)严重威胁世界各地的家禽生产和母鸡健康。鸡皮刺螨不但逐渐被认为是疫病重要的载体,而且有越来越多的报告显示其还可攻击包括人类在内的其他宿主,可见这种害虫对经济的影响变得越来越严重。随着世界各地的家禽生产逐... 详细信息

家禽红螨(鸡皮刺螨)严重威胁世界各地的家禽生产和母鸡健康。鸡皮刺螨不但逐渐被认为是疫病重要的载体,而且有越来越多的报告显示其还可攻击包括人类在内的其他宿主,可见这种害虫对经济的影响变得越来越严重。随着世界各地的家禽生产逐渐脱离传统的笼养方式,鸡皮刺螨在禽群中的影响将变得更加普遍,防控将变得更加困难。尽管已有耐药性和治疗失败的报告,但鸡皮刺螨的防治仍以合成杀螨剂为主。目前在鸡皮刺螨及螨虫管理的专项研究报告中已经提出一些替代防治措施。尽管许多替代防治措施仍处于商业化前期阶段,但仍有部分措施已经逐渐进入市场。本综述汇集了日益扩充的鸡皮刺螨的研究,并评估了其当前和未来可供选择的防控措施。得出的结论是,鸡皮刺螨防治的重大进展最有可能来自综合防控的措施,将最新的研究融入到现有的和新型的防治策略中,这种融合将改进的监测和建模相结合,更好地为治疗和干预该病提供信息支持。

关键词：鸡母鸡体外寄生虫兽医害虫防治

SCHEMATIZING LARGE ACTIVE RIVERS FOR MORPHOLOGICAL COMPUTATIONS:EXPERIENCE FROM BANGLADESH

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SCHEMATIZING LARGE ACTIVE RIVERS FOR MORPHOLOGICAL COMPUTATI...

Probabilistic modeling for an integrated temporary acquired immunity with norovirus epidemiological data

第九次河流泥沙国际学术大会

作者： Ranjit GALAPPATTI Kim Wium OLESEN Abu Saleh KHAN Lanka Hydraulic Institute Moratuwa Sri Lanka. dhi water ＆ environment Hφrsholm DK 2790 Denmark Institute for water Modelling Dhaka Bangladesh

＜正＞It is well known that Bangladesh has several very well calibrated and tested one-dimensional models of its river systems, developed over nearly two decades of intensive effort. The so-called General Model includes the very large rivers of Bangladesh, viz., the Brahmaputra （known as the Jamuna in Bangladesh）, Ganges, Padma and Meghna. The first attempt to develop a morphological model of the three major branches （Jamuna, Ganges and Padma） was made in 1991. Initial examination of the cross sectional shapes of the river, particularly the braided and ever changing river bed of the Jamuna, indicated the difficulties which will be encountered when schematizing the rivers into a one-dimensional model. This paper describes the results of a detailed analysis of cross-section shapes that led to the successful schematization of the rivers and the resulting model. It also describes other useful applications of the analysis and how the "synthetic" cross sectional shapes generated by the analysis can be used to improve the hydrodynamic model itself.

关键词： River Morphology Jamuna River Morphological Computations

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2019年第1期4卷 99-114页

作者： Emmanuel de-Graft Johnson Owusu-Ansah Benedict Barnes Robert Abaidoo Hald Tine Anders Dalsgaard Anders Permin Torben Wilde Schou Department of Mathematics Faculty of Physical and Computational ScienceCollege of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Laboratory of Integrated Statistical Applications(LISA) Faculty of Physical and Computational SciencesCollege of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Regional water and environment.l Sanitation Center-Kumasi College of EngineeringKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology Faculty of Bio ScienceCollege of ScienceKwame Nkrumah University of Science and TechnologyKumasiGhana Research Group of Genomic Epidemiology National Food InstituteTechnical University of DenmarkKgs LyngbyDenmark Food Safety and Zoonoses Department of Veterinary and Animal SciencesFaculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenStigb€ojlen 41870 Frederiksberg CDenmark Office for Innovation and Sector Services AdministrationTechnical University of DenmarkAnker Engelunds Vej2800 Kgs LyngbyDenmark environment.and Toxicology DHIHorsholmDenmark

Integration of acquired immunity into microbial risk assessment for illness incidence is of no doubt essential for the study of susceptibility to *** this study,a probabilistic model was set up as dose response for infection and a mathematical derivation was carried out by integrating immunity to obtain probability of illness *** acquire immunity from epidemiology studies which includes six different Norovirus transmission scenarios such as symptomatic individuals infectious,pre-and post-symptomatic infectiousness(low and high),innate genetic resistance,genogroup 2 type 4 and those with no immune boosting by asymptomatic infection were *** results on illness inflation factor as a function of dose and exposure indicated that high frequency exposures had immense immunity build up even at high dose levels;hence minimized the probability of *** Norovirus transmission dynamics data,results showed,and immunity included models had a reduction of 2e6 logs of magnitude difference in disease burden for both population and individual probable illness ***,the magnitude order of illness for each dose response remained largely the same for all transmission scenarios;symptomatic infectiousness and no immune boosting after asymptomatic infectiousness also remained the same *** integration of epidemiological data on acquired immunity into the risk assessment,more realistic results were achieved signifying an overestimation of probable risk of illness when epidemiological immunity data are not *** finding supported the call for rigorous integration of temporary acquired immunity in dose-response in all microbial risk assessments.

关键词： Quantitative risk assessment Probabilistic modeling Immunity integrated modeling

Metabolic and hepatic effects of liraglutide,obeticholic acid and elafibranor in diet-induced obese mouse models of biopsy-confirmed nonalcoholic steatohepatitis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第2期24卷 179-194页

作者： Kirstine S Tolbol Maria NB Kristiansen Henrik H Hansen Sanne S Veidal Kristoffer TG Rigbolt Matthew P Gillum Jacob Jelsing Niels Vrang Michael Feigh Gubra Aps Horsholm DK-2970Denmark Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen DK-2200Denmark Section for Metabolic Imaging and Liver Metabolism The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic ResearchFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen DK-2200Denmark Department of Chemistry Faculty of ScienceUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagen DK-2200Denmark

AIM To evaluate the pharmacodynamics of compounds in clinical development for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH) in obese mouse models of *** Male wild-type C57 BL/6 J mice(DIO-NASH) and Lep^(ob/ob)(ob/ob-NASH) mice were fed a diet high in trans-fat(40%), fructose(20%) and cholesterol(2%) for 30 and 21 wk, respectively. Prior to treatment, all mice underwent liver biopsy for confirmation and stratification of liver steatosis and fibrosis, using the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease activity score(NAS) and fibrosis staging system. The mice were kept on the diet and received vehicle, liraglutide(0.2 mg/kg, SC, BID), obeticholic acid(OCA, 30 mg/kg PO, QD), or elafibranor(30 mg/kg PO, QD) for eight weeks. Within-subject comparisons were performed on changes in steatosis, inflammation, ballooning degeneration, and fibrosis scores. In addition, compound effects were evaluated by quantitative liver histology, including percent fractional area of liver fat, galectin-3, and collagen 1 *** Liraglutide and elafibranor, but not OCA, reduced body weight in both models. Liraglutide improved steatosis scores in DIO-NASH mice only. Elafibranor and OCA reduced histopathological scores of hepatic steatosis and inflammation in both models, but only elafibranor reduced fibrosis severity. Liraglutide and OCA reduced total liver fat, collagen 1 a1, and galectin-3 content, driven by significant reductions in liver weight. The individual drug effects on NASH histological endpoints were supported by global gene expression(RNA sequencing) and liver lipid *** DIO-NASH and ob/ob-NASH mouse models show distinct treatment effects of liraglutide, OCA, and elafibranor, being in general agreement with corresponding findings in clinical trials for NASH. The present data therefore further supports the clinical translatability and utility of DIO-NASH and ob/ob-NASH mouse models of NASH for probing the therapeutic efficacy of compounds in preclinical d

关键词： Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis Disease models Pathology Fibrosis Liver biopsy Transcriptomics Pharmacodynamics Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Farnesoid X receptor

Repair Mechanisms in Articular Cartilage—A Porcine in Vitro Study

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Microscopy Research 2014年第4期2卷 67-80页

作者： Peter Storgaard Skagen Hanne Aagaard Kruse Thomas Horn Interface Biotech A/S Horsholm Denmark Department of Pathology Herlev University Hospital Herlev Denmark

Explants are excellent systems for studying homeostasis in cartilage. The systems are very useful in pharmacological studies involving OA-treatment and in studies of repair mechanisms during injury to hyaline cartilage. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the reparative processes occurring in a young age porcine cartilage explant model examining tissue by Light (LM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Explants of articular cartilage were dissected from the femoral condyles of immature one-year-old pigs and cultured in DMEM/F12 medium with FCS (stimulated explant) or in medium without FCS (control explant) for up to 4 weeks. After 1 - 4 weeks of culture with FCS, LM showed migration and proliferation of chondrocytes in cartilage close to the injured surface differentiating two areas: proliferative zone and necrotic zone. The chondrocytes present in the necrotic zone showed a polarization towards the injured surface. After budding through the injured surface, the chondrocytes formed repair tissue in an interface repair zone and in outer repair tissue. TEM showed chondrocytes in expanded lacunae involving the proliferative zone. The pericellular matrix of the expanded lacunae was partly dissolved, indicating release of matrix-degrading enzymes during proliferation and remodeling. Migratory chondrocytes were identified in oval lacunae close to the injured surface. The pericellular matrix of these oval lacunae was significantly dissolved and immunohistochemistry demonstrated strong staining with a polyclonale collagenase antibody around these units, suggesting release of matrix-degrad- ing collagenase contributing to chondrocyte mobility. We describe an explant model comprising two different repair systems in immature articular cartilage. This model provides us with new reference points that are important in understanding the repair mechanisms.

关键词： Cartilage Repair EM Explant Migration Proliferation

Engineered polyketides:Synergy between protein and host level engineering

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2017年第3期2卷 147-166页

作者： Jesus F.Barajas Jacquelyn M.Blake-Hedges Constance B.Bailey Samuel Curran Jay.D.Keasling Department of Energy Agile BioFoundry EmeryvilleCAUSA Department of Chemistry University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Joint BioEnergy Institute EmeryvilleCA 94608USA Physical Biosciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA Comparative Biochemistry Graduate Group University of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA QB3 Institute University of CaliforniaBerkeleyEmeryvilleCA 94608USA Department of Chemical&Biomolecular Engineering Department of BioengineeringUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability Technical University DenmarkDK2970 HorsholmDenmark

Metabolic engineering efforts toward rewiring metabolism of cells to produce new compounds often require the utilization of non-native enzymatic machinery that is capable of producing a broad range of chemical *** encompass one of the largest classes of chemically diverse natural *** thousands of known polyketides,modular polyketide synthases(PKSs)share a particularly attractive biosynthetic logic for generating chemical *** engineering of modular PKSs could open access to the deliberate production of both existing and novel *** this review,we discuss PKS engineering efforts applied at both the protein and cellular level for the generation of a diverse range of chemical structures,and we examine future applications of PKSs in the production of medicines,fuels and other industrially relevant chemicals.

关键词： Polyketide Polyketide synthase Natural products Commodity chemical Metabolic engineering Synthetic biology

Patella Alta and Trochlea Dysplasia Is Associated with Abnormal Type Ⅱ Collagen and Matrix Accumulation in Chondrocytes

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Microscopy Research 2014年第2期2卷 19-29页

作者： Peter Storgaard Skagen Thomas Horn Aubrey Milunsky David Dejour Bente St█rgaard Hanne Aagaard Kruse Tom Nicolaisen Department of Sports Traumatology Frederikssund HospitalFrederikssundDenmark Department of Pathology Herlev University HospitalHerlevDenmark Boston University School of Medicine Center for Human GeneticsBostonUSA Department of Orthopaedic&Sportmedicine Surgery Lyon-Ortho-Clinic LyonFrance

The purpose of this study was to perform morphological and molecular analyses of articular cartilage from a 14-year-old boy with unusual cartilage lesions, patella alta and trochlea dysplasia in both knee joints and clinically examine two family members (sister, mother), also affected in their knee joints. Biopsies from the boy’s patella were used for: histological examination, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and DNA sequencing of the COL2A1 gene including Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification (MLPA), for detection of DNA deletions and duplications. Clinical and radiological examination showed patella alta and trochlea dysplasia for the brother (type D), sister (type A) and mother (type A) with Insall-Salvati ratios of 1.50, 1.46 and 1.3. Light Microscopy (LM) of biopsies from the patient showed rhomboid chondrocytes in lacuna with deposition of protein aggregates in the ECM. TEM revealed abnormal type II collagen fibrils in aggregates and chondrocytes with abnormal matrix accumulation in rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER). Immunostaining showed that type II collagen was deposited intracellularly and in protein aggregates, together with type I collagen, indicating alterations in chondrocyte function and turnover of these molecules. DNA sequencing of 54 exons including extended DNA analysis with MLPA was non-conclusive. Conclusions: We suggest that patella alta and trochlea dysplasia for this patient is associated with collagen accumulation in chondrocytes, abnormal type II collagen heterofibrils in the ECM, cell death and cartilage with subnormal strength and increased risk of premature patellofemoral arthritis. A family with these disorders suggests that phenotype might be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait.

关键词： Patella Alta Trochlea Dysplasia Matrix Accumulation Endoplasmic Reticulum Storage Disease(ERSD)

阿哌沙班vs依诺肝素用于膝关节置换术后血栓预防(ADVANCE-2):随机双盲试验

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中华关节外科杂志（电子版） 2013年第1期7卷 94-102页

作者： Michael Rud Lassen Gary E Raskob Alexander Gallus Graham Pineo Dalei Chen Philip Hornick Department of Orthopaedics Spine ClinicClinicalTrial UnitHersholm HospitalUniversity of CopenhagenHorsholmDenmark MD College of Public Health University of Oklahoma Health Sciences CentreOklahoma CityOKUSA PhD SA Pathology at Flinders Medical Centre and Flinders University AdelaideSAAustralia MD Department of Medicine and Oncology University of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada MD Research and Development Bristol-Myers SquibbPrincetonNJUSA PhD Research and Development Bristol-Myers SquibbPrincetonNJUSA MD

背景依诺肝素等低分子肝素是预防大关节置换术后静脉血栓形成的首选。阿哌沙班是一种口服活性的Xa因了抑制剂,在预防大关节置换术后静脉血栓形成方面可能有效,而且相对于依诺肝素来说,出血风险较低、用法也较简便。本研究评估选择性全... 详细信息

背景依诺肝素等低分子肝素是预防大关节置换术后静脉血栓形成的首选。阿哌沙班是一种口服活性的Xa因了抑制剂,在预防大关节置换术后静脉血栓形成方面可能有效,而且相对于依诺肝素来说,出血风险较低、用法也较简便。本研究评估选择性全膝关节置换术后卜述药物的有效性和安全性。方法 ADVANCE-2为多中心随机双盲Ⅲ期研究,选择性双侧或单侧全膝关节置换术患者通过交互式中心电话系统进行分组,随机接受阿哌沙班2.5mg每天2次口服(1528例)或依诺肝素40mg每天1次皮下注射(1529例)。随机化方案由Bristol-Myers Squibb随机中心生成,按研究中心和单侧或双侧手术分层,区组大小为4。研究者、患者、统计专家、评判者和指导委员会不知道患者分组情况。阿哌沙班于手术伤口闭合后10～12小时使用,依诺肝素于术前12小时使用;两药均持续用药10-14天,按照计划用药结束时行双侧顺行性静脉造影。主要终点是治疗期间无症状和有症状的深静脉血栓形成、非致死性肺栓塞和全因死亡的复合指标。统计学计划要求在检验阿哌沙班的优效性之前达到非劣效;非劣效检验对意向治疗患者进行分析。本研究在***备案,备案号NCT00452530。结果接受治疗的3057例患者(阿哌沙班组1528例、依诺肝素组1529例)中,1973例符合主要有效性分析的要求。阿哌沙班组976例和依诺肝素组997例中,报告主要终点的患者分别为147例(15%)和243例(24%)[相对危险度0.62(95%可信区间CI为:0.51-0.74),P<0.0001;绝对危险度下降9.3%(5.8～12.7)]。阿哌沙班组1501例和依诺肝素组1508例中,发生大出血或临床相关非大出血的患者分别为53例(4%)和72例(5%)(P=0.09)。解读全膝关节置换术后次日上午使用阿哌沙班2.5mg每天2次,是依诺肝素40mg/天简便而更有效的口服替代措施,且不会增加出血。

关键词：全膝关节置换术随机双盲试验依诺肝素血栓预防术后深静脉血栓形成顺行性静脉造影 VS

Fondaparinux预防老年急性内科患者发生静脉血栓形成的效果与安全性:随机安慰剂对照研究

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英国医学杂志中文版 2006年第5期9卷 282-285页

作者： Alexander T Cohen Bruce L Davidson Alexander S Gallus Michael R Lassen Martin H Prins Witold Tomkowski Alexander G G Turpie Jan F M Egberts Anthonie W A Lensing 石汉平（译）王深明（校） Department of Surety Guy＇s King＇s and St Thomas＇s School of Medicine London SE5 9PJ Pulmonary and Critical Care University of Washington School of Medicine and Swedish Medical Center Seattle WA USA Department of Haematology Flinders Medical Centre Adelaide SA Australia Spine Clinic Department of Clinical Research Horsholm Denmark Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Technology Assessment Academic Hospital Maastricht Netherlands Intensive Care National TB and Lung Diseases Research Institute Warsaw Poland Department of Medicine Hamilton Health Sciences Hamilton ONCanada Clinical Development NV Organon Oss Netherlands Center for Vascular Medicine Academic Medical Center Amsterdam Netherlands 不详

目的:观察 Fondaparinux 对具有中高度静脉血栓发生危险的老年急性内科住院患者的抗凝效果与安全性。设计:双盲随机安慰剂对照研究。背景:8个国家的35个中心。参与者:849例≥60岁内科患者,住院原因分别为充血性心力衰竭、慢性肺病合并... 详细信息

目的:观察 Fondaparinux 对具有中高度静脉血栓发生危险的老年急性内科住院患者的抗凝效果与安全性。设计:双盲随机安慰剂对照研究。背景:8个国家的35个中心。参与者:849例≥60岁内科患者,住院原因分别为充血性心力衰竭、慢性肺病合并急性呼吸系统疾患、急性炎症性或感染性疾病,预期至少住院4天以上。干预:2.5 mg Fondaparinux 或安慰剂,每天1次皮下注射,持续6～14天。观察指标:主要指标为静脉血栓形成(治疗后15天内采用双侧静脉造影检查)及有症状的静脉血栓;次要指标为死亡与出血。患者随访时间为1个月。结果:Fondaparinux 治疗组425例患者和安慰剂组414例患者接受了安全性分析(10例未治疗)。644例患者(75.9%)可接受主要指标分析。静脉血栓检出率在 Fondaparinux 治疗组为5.6%(18/321),安慰剂组为10.5%(34/323),相对危险减少46.7%(95% CI 7.7%～69.3%)。安慰剂组5例患者发生有症状的静脉血栓,Fondaparinux治疗组无患者发生有症状的静脉血栓(P=0.029)。两组均有1例(0.2%)患者发生严重出血。随访结束时,安慰剂组、Fondaparinux 治疗组分别死亡25(6.0%)、14(3.3%)例患者。结论:Fondaparinux 可有效预防急性内科老年患者无症状性及有症状的静脉血栓。严重出血几率两组相似。

关键词：安慰剂血栓静脉造影空白剂血管造影静脉血栓形成内科患者 Fondaparinux 对照研究老年