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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2006年第7期7卷 572-579页

作者： BALOCH Mohammad Safdar AWAN Inayat Ullah HASSAN Gul Agricultural Research Institute Dera Ismail Khan 29050 NWFP Pakistan Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan 29050 NWFP Pakistan Department of Weed Science NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar 25130 NWFP Pakistan

Studies were initiated for two consecutive years to find out the effect of time of transplanting and seedlings hill^-l on the productivity of rice in dera Ismail Khan district of North West Frontier Province （NWFP）, Pakistan. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangements. Main plots consisted of four transplanting dates viz. 20th and 27th of June and 4th and 1 lth of July while sub-plots contained 1, 2, 3 or 4 seedlings hill^-1. Among transplanting dates, June 20th planted crop gave highest paddy yield and net return with I seedling hill^-1. It explains that the use of more seedlings hill^-1 not only adds to cost but is also a mere wastage of natural resources. Based on research findings, we conclude that the use of I seedling hill^-1 is most appropriate for timely sowing otherwise 4 seedlings hill^-1 should be used to compensate for the yield gap in late transplanted rice.

关键词： Rice Transplanting time Seedlings Yield Leaf area index Net assimilation rate

Ethnobotanical Studies on Dwarf Palm (<i>Nannorhops ritchieana</i>(Griff.) Aitchison) and Date Palm (<i>Phoenix dactylifera</i>L.) in dera Ismail Khan, KPK, Pakistan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2012年第8期3卷 1162-1168页

作者： Sarfaraz Khan Marwat Khalid Usman Ejaz Ahmad Khan Said Ghulam Jalaluddin Baloch Abdul Manan Tauqeer Fazal Ur Rehman Department of Economics Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan Faculty of Pharmacy Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan University WENSAM College Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan

This paper is based on research work conducted during 2008-2010 in dera Ismail Khan (D. I. Khan) District, Pakistan, to investigate Socio-Economic Impacts of Dwarf Palm (Nannorhops ritchieana) and Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) on the local inhabitants. A questionnaire for data collection of Dwarf Palm was designed and local people were interviewed. The main Dwarf Palm (Mazri) areas are lying between the Koh-i-Surkh and Marwat hill and yielding about 1000 tons of mazri leaves annually. Date Palm plantations are concentrated in Paniala, Paharpur, Chawdwan and Dhakki. The prominent varieties grown in the area are Dhakki, Shakri, Gulistan, Zaidi, Hillawi, Basra, Azadi and khudarawi. Dhakki Dates are well-known among all other varieties. Total area under dates cultivation in the district is 100,000 hectares, with total production of 11,000 tons dates. An average yield of Dhakki-Dates y-1 ranges from 6500 to 7000 tons i.e., 75% of the total production of dates in the area and dried dates production ranges from 800 - 1000 tons·year-1. A significant population is involved in processing of mazri and date palm leaves to prepare different products. Dates have a tremendous potential for economic uplift of the people. But growers face limitations and challenges regarding lack of information about customers and markets, harvesting, processing, and packaging techniques and infrastructure for producing good quality fresh dates. Fruit dropping in date palm particularly in Dhakki variety has become a serious concern. More than 70% date fruits drop before maturity. If production and processing constraints are properly handled, this may have significant socio-economic impact on local inhabitants.

关键词： Mazri Palm Date Palm Arecaceae Socio-Economic Impact

Studies on Plant Population and Stand Establishment Techniques for Increasing Productivity of Rice in dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan

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Rice science 2007年第2期14卷 118-124页

作者： Mohammad Safdar BALOCH Inayat Ullah AWAN Gul HASSAN Muhammad ZUBAIR Agricultural Research Institute Dera Ismail Khan 29020 NWFP Pakistan Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan NWFP Pakistan Weed Science Department NWFP Agricultural University Peshawar 25130 NWFP Pakistan

Rice production in Pakistan is constraint by many factors pertaining to prevalent planting techniques. A research on the feasibility of new planting techniques （direct seeding on flat, transplanting on flat, direct seeding on ridges, transplanting on ridges and parachute planting） in transplanted and direct wet-seeded rice was undertaken at dera Ismail Khan region of Pakistan＇s North West Frontier Province during 2002 and 2003. Among the planting techniques, the best performance for the yield formation and economic evaluation was noted for transplanting on flat during both years. Chinese parachute planting technology also showed very promising results in most of the parameters. Direct seeding on ridges could not excel transplanting on flat and parachute planting during both cropping seasons. The findings concluded the feasibility of parachute planting technology along with traditional rice transplanting on flat over all other planting techniques being practiced in the area.

关键词： rice plant population planting techniques grain yield leaf area index Pakistan

Weeds of Wheat Crop and Their Control Strategies in dera Ismail Khan District, Khyber Pakhtun Khwa, Pakistan

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第1期4卷 66-76页

作者： Sarfaraz Khan Marwat Khalid Usman Niamatullah Khan Muhammad Umar Khan Ejaz Ahmad Khan Muhammad Anwar Khan Aziz ur Rehman Department of Agriculture Chemistry Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad Pakistan Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan University WENSAM College Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan

This study is based on research work conducted during 2008-2010 indera Ismail Khan, KPK,Pakistan. The research area was extensively surveyed to investigate weed species. About 32 weed species, belonging to two monocot and thirteen dicot families, were collected from the study area. Plants were identified with the help of available literature and by comparing with the already identified plant specimens of the herbarium ofQuaid-i-AzamUniversity,Islamabad,Pakistan. Data inventory constitutes botanical name, vernacular name, English name, family, and flowering and fruiting period. Phalarus minor, Rumax dentatus, and Chenopodium album were the dominant weeds in the study area having comparatively higher relative weed density. Weeds having tough competition with wheat crop for light, moisture, and nutrients adversely affect wheat production. Hence, a constant effort is needed to keep the weed population under control. Many methods of weed control and eradication have been devised but chemical control is the most effective one. However, it may have some environmental consequences if not handled properly.

关键词： Weeds Control Strategies Wheat Crop

Geology of Northern Sulaiman Foldbelt, Shirani and Waziristan Regions (South Punjab, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa): New Tomistominae (Miocene False Gharial) from Sakhi Sarwar Area of dera Ghazi Khan (South Punjab), Pakistan

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Open Journal of Geology 2022年第6期12卷 521-564页

作者： Muhammad Sadiq Malkani Muhammad Ilyas Riffat Yasin Asghar Abbas Khizar Samiullah Tehreem Raza Syed Sibt E. Hassan Rana Mehrooz Fazal Aqsa Noor Aeman Malik Geological Survey of Pakistan Muzaffarabad Pakistan University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences MNSUA Multan Department of Zoology Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan Pakistan Department of Zoology GC University Faisalabad Pakistan Institute of Pure and Applied Biology Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan Pakistan

Northern Koh Sulaiman foldbelt, Shirani, North and South Waziristan (South Punjab, Balochistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) comprised mostly PermoTriassic to Recent sediments with subordinate igneous and metamorphic rocks. These sedimentary strata folded and faulted by geodynamic and tectonic forces occurred during Late Cretaceous to Recent revealed through anticlinal and synclinal foldings and active faultings. The Northern Koh Sulaiman foldbelt, Shirani, North and South Waziristan areas host many economic minerals like copper and chromite, construction stones, marble limestones, gypsum and cement resources, uranium and other radioactive mineral resources, low-quality iron, phosphate and muddy coal, high-quality gemstones, petroleum potential and excellent water resources and many other rocks and minerals. High-quality window and faden quartz crystals deposited in fractures and fissures as vugs and veins deposited by high-temperature hypothermal solution created by the tectonic compression process. The area has economic chromite and magnesite deposits. The Northern Koh Sulaiman foldbelt, Shirani, North and South Waziristan areas have large cement raw materials/resources (limestones, gypsum and shale/clays available mostly on same sites) which vitally need to install many cement industries in these areas because the ideal central location and now only one cement industry (dera Ghazi Khan cement industry) is in operation. The Northern Koh Sulaiman foldbelt, Shirani, North and South Waziristan consists of excellent surface water resources which need the construction of smaller and medium-sized dams on different rud kohi/streams/rivers for the development of the area. Sakhi Sarwar area of dera Ghazi Khan (South Punjab) yielded fossil of new Tomistominae (False Gharial) Gavialidae and further its surroundings recently yielded fossils of famous vertebrates like reptiles (dinosaurs, crocodiles, pterosaur and snake), birds and mammals, and tracks/trackways of Late Cretaceous ar

关键词： Stratigraphy Tectonic Structures Economic Minerals New False Gharial Northern Sulaiman Foldbelt Shirani North and South Waziristan Pakistan

Effect of seedling age and water depth on morphological and physiological aspects of transplanted rice under high temperature

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2005年第5期6卷 389-395页

作者： KHAKWANI Abdul Aziz SHIRAISHI Masaaki ZUBAIR Muhammad BALOCH Mohammad Safdar NAVEED Khalid AWAN Inayatullah Agricultural Research Institute Dera Ismail Khan NWFP PakistanJapan International Cooperation Agency Tsukuba International Centre Tsukuba Ibaraki JapanAgricultural Research Institute Dera Ismail Khan NWFP PakistanAgricultural Research Institute Dera Ismail Khan NWFP PakistanAgricultural Research Institute Dera Ismail Khan NWFP PakistanFaculty of Agriculture Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan NWFP Pakistan

To study the effect of high temperature, rice seedlings 20, 30, 40 and 50 d were kept at 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm water depth in a water pool. Meteorological findings indicated that water temperature varied up to 10 cm but became stable below this depth. Deep water inflicted higher tiller mortality, minimal increase in dry weight of aerial parts and leaf area, decrease in root length, and decrease in root dry weight especially at 20 cm water depth and produced an unbalanced T/R ratio (top versus root dry weight). However, deep water tended to increase plant length. These parameters, however, excel in shallow water. Older seedlings, with the exception of root dry weight, could not perform well compared to young seedlings in all physiological and morphological aspects. The study revealed that seedlings, particularly young ones, stand well in shallow water and can cope with high temperature.

关键词： Rice High temperature Seedling age Water depth

Transient Non-Thermal Mobility of CO for CO-NO Catalytic Reaction on Square Lattice： Monte Carlo Simulation

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Chinese Physics Letters 2008年第4期25卷 1482-1485页

作者： M. Khalid A. U. Qaisrani M. G. Ullah Department of Physics Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan

We study a model based on precursor mechanism for CO-NO catalytic reaction on square lattice with Monte Carlo simulation. The precursor mechanism clearly demonstrates its impact on the phase diagram. The steady reactive state （SRS） gets established. The width of reactive region increases by increasing the range of precursor mobility. When the precursor mobility is increased to third-nearest neighbourhood, the second-order transition disappears.

关键词： ELEY-RIDEAL PROCESS PHASE-DIAGRAM HETEROGENEOUS CATALYSIS PRECURSOR MECHANISM HEXAGONAL SURFACES CUBIC STRUCTURE SUBSURFACE MODEL CHEMISORPTION TRANSITIONS

Miscibility between PS and PSAN Affected by Solvent and Temperature of the System

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2014年第11期32卷 1442-1449页

作者： Zafarullah Khan Marwat Musa Kaleem Baloch Department of Chemistry Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Khyber PakhtoonkhwaPakistan

The influence of solvent on the miscibility of polystyrene（PS） and poly（styrene-co-acrylonitrile）（PSAN） blends has been investigated viscometrically. The miscibility of different PS/PSAN blend（30/70, 50/50 and 70/30） compositions in acetone and benzene at 20, 30, and 40 °C was investigated on the basis of the sign of Chee（ΔB and ）, and Sun’s（α） criteria. The values of these parameters were evaluated from the analyses of reduced viscosity data of binary（solvent/polymer） and ternary（solvent/polymer1/polymer2） polymer systems. These investigations indicated partial miscibility for both the blend systems. However, PS/PSAN/acetone blend system showed somewhat higher partial miscibility than the PS/PSAN/Benzene blend system highlighting the impact of solvent over the polymer-polymer interactions and hence their miscibility. The results obtained through viscometry were also corroborated by the refractive index and density results for the blends under study. The effect of temperature on miscibility in both the cases was almost negligible.

关键词： Miscibility Polystyrene Poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile) Viscosity Density Refractive index.

Isolation and characterization of ingenol esters from Euphorbia cornigera

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2011年第4期22卷 451-454页

作者： Imam Bakhsh Baloch Musa Kaleem Baloch Department of Chemistry Gomal UniversityDera Ismail KhanPakistan

Methanolic extract of Euphorbia cornigera *** HPLC separation yielded three new *** structures and relative stereochemistry were established through 2D-NMR spectroscopic measurements.

关键词： Euphorbiaceae Euphorbia cornigera 2D NMR of 13-acyloxyingenol

SOLVENT QUALITY AND SOLUTION BEHAVIOR OF NYLON 12

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2007年第5期25卷 483-490页

作者： Musa Kaleem Baloch Munaza Qayum Mohsin Nawaz Sher Akber Department of Chemistry Gomal University Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan Department of Chemistry Balochistan University Queta Pakistan

The refractive index increment, dynamic and static laser light scattering, intrinsic viscosity [η] and Huggins constant （KH） of nylon 12 have been measured in m-cresol and sulphuric acid/water system at 10-60℃. The intrinsic viscosity, Rn, Rg, A2, and （〈 S 〉2）^1/2 （calculated from viscosity data） and ＂a＂ values of nylon 12 are found to be higher in m-cresol than in sulphuric acid. All these parameters decrease with the increase in water contents in sulphuric acid. The refractive index increment, KH and activation energy show an opposite trend to that of [η]. The intrinsic viscosity, RH, Rg, A2, and （〈 S 〉2）^1/2 have maximum values around 30-40℃ in sulphuric acid/water system, whereas in m-cresol they fall at about 20℃. It has been concluded that the variation in size, interaction parameter （second virial coefficient）, [η] and KH of the polymer solutions with the alteration in solvent composition and temperature are the out come of change in thermodynamic quality of solvents, selective adsorption, hydrogen bonding and conformational transitions. It has also been concluded that the increase in temperature first enhances the quality of the solvent, encourages hydrogen bonding and specific adsorption, and then deteriorates, bringing conformational transitions in the polymer molecules. However, the addition of water to sulphuric acid continuously deteriorates the solvent quality. This characteristic of the solvent system brings conformational changes in the polymer especially at low temperatures.

关键词： Static and dynamic light scattering Refractive index increment Intrinsic viscosity Huggins constant Thermodynamic quality of solvent Radius of gyration Hydrodynamic radius Conformational changes.