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Above-ground woody biomass allocation and within tree carbon and nutrient distribution of wild cherry(Prunus avium L.)-a case study

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Forest Ecosystems 2016年第2期3卷 138-152页

作者： Christopher Morhart Jonathan P. Sheppard Johanna K. Schuler Heinrich Spiecker Chair of Forest Growth and dendroecology Albert-Ludwigs-University Freiburg Tennenbacher Str. 4 D 79106 Freiburg Germany

Background： The global search for new ways to sequester carbon has already reached agricultural lands. Such land constitutes a major potential carbon sink. The production of high value timber within agroforestry systems can facilitate an in-situ carbon storage function. This is followed by a potential long term ex- situ carbon sinkwithin long lasting products such as veneer and furniture. For this purpose wild cherry （Prunus avium L.） is an interesting option for middle Europe, yielding high prices on the timber market. Methods： A total number of 39 wild cherry were sampled in 2012 and 2013 to assess the leafless above ground biomass. The complete trees including stem and branches were separated into 1 cm diameter classes. Wood and bark from sub-samples were analysed separately and nutrient content was derived. Models for biomass estimation were constructed for all tree compartments. Results： The smallest diameter classes possess the highest proportion of bark due to smaller cross sectional area. Tree boles with a greater amount of stem wood above 10 cm in diameter will have a more constant bark proportion. Total branch bark proportion also remains relatively constant above *** measurements of 8 cm. A balance is evident between the production of new branches with a low diameter and high bark proportion offset by the thickening and a relative reduction in bark proportion in larger branches. The results show that a single tree with an age of 17 and 18 years can store up to 85 kg of carbon within the aboveground biomass portion, an amount that will increase as the tree matures. Branches display greater nutrient content than stem sections per volume unit which can be attributed to a greater bark proportion. Conclusions： Using the derived models the carbon and the nutrient content of above-ground woody biomass of whole trees can be calculated. Suggested values for carbon with other major and minor nutrients held within relatively immature trees strongly supports the id

关键词： Carbon sequestration Biomass Bark Branch Stem Nutrient content AIIometry Agroforestry

Stochastic equations for a self-regulating gene

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International Journal of Biomathematics 2017年第4期10卷 1-29页

作者： Martin Jansen University Medical Center freiburg Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine Hugstetter Str. 55 D-79106 Freiburg Germany

Expression of cellular genes is regulated by binding of transcription factors to their promoter, either activating or inhibiting transcription of a gene. Particularly interesting is the case when the expressed protein regulates its own transcription. In this paper, the features of this self-regulating process are investigated. In the presented model here, the gene can be in two states. Either a protein is bound to its promoter or not. The steady state distributions of protein during and just before switching from one state to the next state are analyzed. Moreover, a powerful numerical method based on the corresponding master equation to compute the protein distribution in the steady state is presented and compared to an already-existing method. Additionally the special case of self-regulation, in which protein can only be produced, if one of these proteins is bound to the promoter region, is analyzed. Furthermore, a self-regulating gene is compared to a similar gene, which also has two states and produces the same amount of proteins but is not regulated by its protein-product.

关键词： Gene expression chemical reaction network activated gene gene regulatorynetworks master equation.

Recuperation of severe tumoral calcinosis in a dialysis patient: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第23期7卷 4004-4010页

作者： Lukas Westermann Lisa K Isbell Marie K Breitenfeldt Frederic Arnold Elvira Rothele Johanna Schneider Eugen Widmeier department of Medicine IV Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg 79106Germany department of Medicine I Medical CenterUniversity of FreiburgFaculty of MedicineUniversity of FreiburgFreiburg 79106Germany dialysis Center freiburg Freiburg 79100Germany

BACKGROUNd One of the common late sequela in patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRd)is the calcium phosphate disorder leading to chronic hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia causing the precipitation of calcium salt in soft *** calcinosis is an extremely rare clinical manifestation of cyst-like soft tissue deposits in different periarticular regions in patients with ESRd and is characterized by extensive calcium salt containing space-consuming painful *** treatment of ESRd patients with tumoral calcinosis manifestation involves an increase in or switching of renal replacement therapy regimes and the adjustment of oral medication with the goal of improved hypercalcemia and *** SUMMARY We describe a 40-year-old woman with ESRd secondary to IgA-nephritis and severe bilateral manifestation of tumoral calcinosis associated with hypercalcemia,hyperphosphatemia and tertiary *** patient was on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and treatment with vitamin d *** switching her to a daily hemodialysis schedule and adjusting the medical treatment,the patient experienced a significant dissolution of her soft tissue calcifications within a couple of *** remission was achieved 11 mo after the initial *** Reduced patient compliance and subsequent insufficiency of dialysis regime quality contribute to the aggravation of calcium phosphate disorder in a patient with ESRd leading to the manifestation of tumoral ***,the improvement of the treatment strategy and reinforcement of patient compliance enabled complete remission of this rare disease entity.

关键词： End-stage renal disease Renal replacement therapy-dialysis Hyperparathyroidism Hypercalcemia Hyperphosphatemia Tumoral calcinosis Case report

A new silicon phthalocyanine dye induces pyroptosis in prostate cancer cells during photoimmunotherapy

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Bioactive Materials 2024年第11期41卷 537-552页

作者： Isis Wolf Jonas Storz Susanne Schultze-Seemann Philipp REsser Stefan FMartin Susan Lauw Peer Fischer Wolfgang Melchinger Robert Zeiser Oliver Gorka Olaf Groß Christian Gratzke Reinhard Brückner Philipp Wolf department of Urology Medical Center–University of Freiburg79106FreiburgGermany Faculty of Medicine University of Freiburg79106FreiburgGermany Faculty of Biology University of Freiburg79104FreiburgGermany Institute for Organic Chemistry University of Freiburg79104FreiburgGermany Allergy Research Group Department of DermatologyMedical Center–University of Freiburg79104FreiburgGermany Core Facility Signalling Factory&Robotics University of Freiburg79104FreiburgGermany BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies University of Freiburg79104FreiburgGermany Max Planck Institute for Medical Research 69120HeidelbergGermany Institute for Molecular Systems Engineering and Advanced Materials Heidelberg University69120HeidelbergGermany department of Internal Medicine I Medical Center-University of Freiburg79106FreiburgGermany k Institute of Neuropathology Medical Center-University of Freiburg79106FreiburgGermany CIBSS Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies University of Freiburg79104FreiburgGermany Received 12 Septembe

Photoimmunotherapy(PIT)combines the specificity of antibodies with the cytotoxicity of light activatable photosensitizers(PS)and is a promising new cancer *** designed and synthesized,in a highly convergent manner,the silicon phthalocyanine dye WB692-CB2,which is novel for being the first light-activatable PS that can be directly conjugated via a maleimide linker to *** the present study we conjugated WB692-CB2 to a humanized antibody with engineered cysteines in the heavy chains that specifically targets the prostate-specific membrane antigen(PSMA).The resulting antibody dye conjugate revealed high affinity and specificity towards PSMA-expressing prostate cancer cells and induced cell death after irradiation with red *** cells exhibited morphological characteristics associated with *** studies revealed the generation of reactive oxygen species,triggering a cascade of intracellular events involving lipid peroxidation,caspase-1 activation,gasdermin d cleavage and membrane rupture followed by release of pro-inflammatory cellular *** first in vivo experiments,PIT with our antibody dye conjugate led to a significant reduction of tumor growth and enhanced overall survival in mice bearing subcutaneous prostate tumor *** study highlights the future potential of the new phthalocyanine dye WB692-CB2 as PS for the fluorescence-based detection and PIT of cancer,including local prostate tumor lesions,and systemic activation of anti-tumor immune responses by the induction of pyroptosis.

关键词： Silicon phthalocyanine Photoimmunotherapy Cancer Pyroptosis Immunogenic cell death

Hepatocellular carcinoma: Therapy and prevention

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2005年第47期11卷 7391-7400页

作者： Hubert E Blum department of Medicine Ⅱ University of FreiburgD-79106 FreiburgGermany

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. The major etiologies and risk factors for the development of HCC are well defined and some of the multiple steps involved in hepatocarcinogenesis have been elucidated in recent years. despite these scientific advances and the implementation of measures for the early detection of HCC in patients at risk, patient survival has not improved during the last three decades. This is due to the advanced stage of the disease at the time of clinical presentation and limited therapeutic options. The therapeutic options fall into five main categories: surgical interventions including tumor resection and liver transplantation, percutaneous interventions including ethanol injection and radiofrequency thermal ablation, transarterial interventions including embolization and chemoembolization, radiation therapy and drugs as well as gene and immune therapies. These therapeutic strategies have been evaluated in part in randomized controlled clinical trials that are the basis for therapeutic recommendations. Though surgery, percutaneous and transarterial interventions are effective in patients with limited disease (1-3 lesions, ＜5 cm in diameter) and compensated underlying liver disease (cirrhosis Child A), at the time of diagnosis more than 80% patients present with multicentric HCC and advanced liver disease or comorbidities that restrict the therapeutic measures to best supportive care. In order to reduce the morbidity and mortality of HCC, early diagnosis and the development of novel systemic therapies for advanced disease, including drugs, gene and immune therapies as well as primary HCC prevention are of paramount importance. Furthermore, secondary HCC prevention after successful therapeutic interventions needs to be improved in order to make an impact on the survival of patients with HCC. New technologies, including gene expression profiling and proteomic analyses, should allow to further elucida

关键词： HCC resection Liver transplantation Percutaneous ethanol injection Radiofrequency thermal ablation Transarterial embolization or chemoembolization Chemotherapy Gene therapy Immune therapy Prevention

FROM CRYSTALLINE BLOCK SLIPS TO dOMINANCE OF NETWORK STRETCHING——MECHANISMS OF TENSILE dEFORMATION IN SEMI-CRYSTALLINE POLYMERS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2002年第2期20卷 160-170页

作者： Y. Men Univ freiburg Fak Phys D-79104 Freiburg Germany

The mechanism of tensile deformation in semi-crystalline polymers was studied based on true stress-strain curvesobtained with the aid of a video-controlled tensile set-up. The deformation is affected by both the crystalline and theamorphous phases. However, the relative weights of the two portions change with the deformation stage. At lowdeformations the coupling and coarse slips of the crystalline blocks dominate the mechanical properties, which allows thesystem to maintain a homogeneous strain distribution in the sample. As the stretching increases, at a critical strain the forcegenerated from entangled fluid portions reaches a critical value to destroy the crystallites. The dominant deformationmechanism then changes into a disaggregation - recrystallization process.

关键词： Semi-crystalline polymer deformation mechanism Network Mechanical property

EGFR and HER2 expression in advanced biliary tract cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第36期15卷 4511-4517页

作者： Jan Harder Oliver Waiz Florian Otto Michael Geissler Manfred Olschewski Brigitte Weinhold Hubert E Blum Annette Schmitt-Graeff Oliver G Opitz department of MedicineⅡ University Medical CenterD-79106 Freiburg Germany Tumorzentrum Ludwig Heilmeyer- Comprehensive Cancer Center freiburg D-79106 Freiburg Germany Tumorzentrum ZeTuP St.GallenSwitzerland and Department of MedicineⅠUniversity Medical Center D-79106 FreiburgGermany department of Medicine Gastroenterology and OncologyMunicipal Hospital EsslingenGermany department of Medical Biometry und Statistics University of FreiburgD-79106 FreiburgGermany Annette Schmitt-Graeff Institute of PathologyUniversity Medical CenterD-79106 Freiburg Germany

AIM:To analyze the pathogenetic role and potential clinical usefulness of the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)and the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)in patients with advanced biliary tract cancer(BTC). METHOdS:EGFR and HER2 expression was studied in biopsy samples from 124 patients(51%women; median age 64.8 years),with advanced BTC diagnosed between 1997 and *** micrometers sections of paraffin embedded tissue were examined by standard, FdA approved *** with scores of 2+or 3+for HER2 expression on immunochemistry were additionally tested for HER2 gene amplification by fluorescence in situ hybridisation(FISH).RESULTS:34/124 patients(27.4%)had gallbladder cancer,47(37.9%)had intrahepatic BTC and 43(34.7%)had extrahepatic or perihilar *** expression was examined in a subset of 56 samples. EGFR expression was absent in 22/56 tumors(39.3%). Of the remaining samples expression was scored as 1+in 12(21.5%),2+in 13(23.2%)and 3+in 9(16%), ***2 expression was as follows:score 0 73/124(58.8%),score 1+27/124(21.8%),score 2+ 21/124(17%)and score 3+4/124(3.2%).HER2 gene amplification was present in 6/124,resulting in an overall amplification rate of 5%. CONCLUSION:Our data suggest that routine testing and therapeutic targeting of HER2 does not seem to be useful in patients with BTC,while targeting EGFR may be promising.

关键词： Cholangiocarcinoma Gallbladder cancer Chemotherapy Targeted therapy

Identification and characterization of a novel bipartite nuclear localization signal in the hepatitis B virus polymerase

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第44期19卷 8000-8010页

作者： Joachim Lupberger Stephanie Schaedler Alexander Peiran Eberhard Hildt department of Medicine Ⅱ University of Freiburg D-79106 Freiburg Germany Inserm U748 Strasbourg France division of Virology University Goettingen37073 Goettingen Germany division of Virology Paul-Ehrlich-InstituteD-63325 Langen Germany

AIM: To characterize the nuclear import of hepatitis B virus (HBV) polymerase (P) and its relevance for the viral life cycle.METHOdS: Sequence analysis was performed to predict functional motives within P. Phosphorylation of P was analyzed by in vitro phosphorylation. Phosphorylation site and nuclear localization signal (NLS) were destroyed by site directed mutagenesis. Functionality of the identified NLS was analyzed by confocal fluorescence microscopy and characterizing the karyopherin binding. Relevance of the structural motives for viral life cycle was studied by infection of primary Tupaia hepatocytes with HBV.RESULTS: We identified by sequence alignment and functional experiments a conserved bipartite NLS containing a casein kinase II (CKII) phosphorylation site located within the terminal protein domain (TP) of the HBV polymerase. Inhibition of CKII impairs the functionality of this NLS and thereby prevents the nuclear import of the polymerase. Binding of the import factor karyopherin-α2 to the polymerase depends on its CKII-mediated phosphorylation of the bipartite NLS. In HBV-infected primary Tupaia hepatocytes CKII inhibition in the early phase (post entry phase) of the infection process prevents the establishment of the infection.CONCLUSION: Based on these data it is suggested that during HBV infection the final import of the genome complex into the nucleus is mediated by a novel bipartite NLS localized in the TP domain of HBV polymerase.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Nuclear localization signal Casein kinase II Trafficking Replication

Highly conformable chip-in-foil implants for neural applications

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2023年第3期9卷 245-257页

作者： Thomas Stieglitz Calogero Gueli Julien Martens Niklas Floto Max Eickenscheidt Markus Sporer Maurits Ortmanns Laboratory for Biomedical Microtechnology Department of Microsystems Engineering-IMTEKUniversity of FreiburgD-79110 FreiburgGermany BrainLinks-BrainTools//IMBIT University of FreiburgD-79110 FreiburgGermany Institute of Microelectronics University of UlmD-89081 UlmGermany

demands for neural interfaces around functionality,high spatial resolution,and longevity have recently *** requirements can be met with sophisticated silicon-based integrated *** miniaturized dice in flexible polymer substrates significantly improves their adaptation to the mechanical environment in the body,thus improving the systems’structural biocompatibility and ability to cover larger areas of the *** work addresses the main challenges in developing a hybrid chip-in-foil neural *** considered(1)the mechanical compliance to the recipient tissue that allows a long-term application and(2)the suitable design that allows the implant’s scaling and modular adaptation of chip *** element model studies were performed to identify design rules regarding die geometry,interconnect routing,and positions for contact pads on *** edge fillets in the die base shape proved an effective measure to improve die-substrate integrity and increase the area available for contact ***,routing of interconnects in the immediate vicinity of die corners should be avoided,as the substrate in these areas is prone to mechanical stress *** pads on dice should be placed with a clearance from the die rim to avoid delamination when the implant conforms to a curvilinear body.A microfabrication process was developed to transfer,align,and electrically interconnect multiple dice into conformable polyimide-based *** process enabled arbitrary die shape and size over independent target positions on the conformable substrate based on the die position on the fabrication wafer.

关键词： neural positions shape