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Genomics-based plant germplasm research(GPGR)

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The crop Journal 2017年第2期5卷 166-174页

作者： Jizeng Jia Hongjie Li Xueyong Zhang Zichao Li Lijuan Qiu Key Laboratory of crop Germplasm & Biotechnology Ministry of AgricultureInstitute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesThe National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic ImprovementNFCRGI Beijing Key Laboratory of crop Genetic Improvement Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and UtilizationMinistry of EducationChina Agricultural University

Plant germplasm underpins much of crop genetic improvement. Millions of germplasm accessions have been collected and conserved ex situ and/or in situ, and the major challenge is now how to exploit and utilize this abundant resource. Genomics-based plant germplasm research （GPGR） or ＂Cenoplasmics＂ is a novel cross-disciplinary research field that seeks to apply the principles and techniques of genomics to germplasm research. We describe in this paper the concept, strategy, and approach behind GPGR, and summarize current progress in the areas of the definition and construction of core collections, enhancement of germplasm with core collections, and gene discovery from core collections. GPGR is opening a new era in germplasm research. The contribution, progress and achievements of GPGR in the future are predicted.

关键词： Plant germplasm Genomics Genomics-based plant germplasm research(GPGR) Genoplasmics

Two major er1 alleles confer powdery mildew resistance in three pea cultivars bred in Yunnan Province, China

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The crop Journal 2016年第5期4卷 353-359页

作者： Suli Sun Yuhua He Cheng Dai Canxing Duan Zhendong Zhu National Key Facility for crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yunnan Academy of Agricultural sciences

Powdery mildew, caused by Erysiphe pisi D.C., is an important disease of pea(Pisum sativum L.).The use of cultivars carrying powdery mildew resistance alleles at the er1 locus is the most effective and economical means of controlling this disease. The objectives of this study were to screen Chinese elite pea cultivars for resistance to E. pisi and to identify the responsible gene at the er1 locus. Among the 37 pea cultivars tested, three(Yunwan 8, Yunwan 21, and Yunwan 23) were immune to E. pisi infection in phenotypic evaluations. The full-length cD NA sequences of the er1 candidate gene, PsM LO1, from the three resistant cultivars and control plants were analyzed. Comparison of the cD NA sequences of 10 clones revealed differences among the powdery mildew-resistant cultivars, susceptible controls, and wild-type cultivar Sprinter. The observed resistance in Yunwan 8 plants resulted from a point mutation(C → G) at position 680 of PsM LO1 that introduced a stop codon, leading to premature termination of protein synthesis. The responsible resistance allele was identified as er1–1. Powdery mildew resistance in Yunwan 21 and Yunwan 23 plants was caused by identical insertions or deletions in PsM LO1. Three distinct PsM LO1 transcripts were observed in Yunwan 21 and Yunwan 23 plants. These transcripts were characterized by a129-bp deletion and 155- and 220-bp insertions, respectively. The responsible resistance allele was identified as er1–2. We have characterized two important er1 alleles in three E. pisi-resistant pea cultivars bred in Yunnan Province, China. These cultivars represent important genetic resources for the breeding of powdery mildew-resistant pea cultivars.

关键词： Erysiphe pisi er1 Pea Powdery mildew Yunnan Province

Preparation and Characterization of High-Temperature Non-Flowing Diurea/Paraffin/Oil Composites as Form-Stable Phase Change Materials

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Chinese Journal of Chemistry 2017年第7期35卷 1079-1085页

作者： Hongyu Li Tianbo Zhao Lili Wang Key Laboratory of cluster science of Ministry of Education Beijing Institute of Technology Beo'ing 100081 China

A series of form-stable phase change materials （FSPCMs） comprising paraffin as the latent heat storage material, diurea as the supporting material and base oil as the performance improvement agent were prepared. The diurea was synthesized in the system of paraffin/oil directly. A series of characterization was carried out for a deep understand- ing of shape stability and material properties of diurea-FSPCMs. The results showed that paraffin and base oil were packaged in the three-dimensional supra-molecular structures network which was formed by diurea. The dropping point of the prepared FSPCMs could reach 256 ℃ and the oil separation rate was as low as 1.19% at 100 ℃ for 30 h. The results of thermal properties tests showed that the prepared FSPCMs exhibited excellent thermal stability and the FSPCMs remained solid-like state in the temperature range from 25 to 200 ℃. This study proposes a novel method to prepare high-temperature non-flowing FSPCMs composites and methods to detect the thermal stability and shape stability of FSPCMs, which is helpful in understanding the shape stability mechanism and broadening the potential application of FSPCMs.

关键词： form-stable phase change materials diurea paraffin shape stability thermal properties

Genetic structure and eco-geographical differentiation of cultivated Hsien rice(Oryza sativa ***) in China revealed by microsatellites

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Chinese science Bulletin 2013年第3期58卷 344-352页

作者： ZHANG DongLing ZHANG HongLiang QI YongWen WANG MeiXing SUN JunLi DING Li LI ZiChao Key Laboratory of crop Heterosis and Utilization of Ministry of Education and Beijing Laboratory of Crop Genetic ImprovementChina Agricultural University Institute of crop science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Indica is not only an important rice subspecies widely planted in Asia and the rest of the world,but it is also the genetic background of the majority of hybrid varieties in *** on genetic structure and genetic diversity in indica germplasm resources are important for the classification and utilization of cultivated rice in *** a genetically representative core collection comprising 1482 Chinese indica landraces,we analysed the genetic structure,geographic differentiation and ***-based structure analysis of varieties within three ecotypes revealed nine eco-geographical types partially accordant with certain ecological zones in *** of eco-geographical types was attributed to local ecological adaption and physical *** groups may be useful for developing heterotic groups of *** facilitate the identification of different ecotypes and eco-geographical types,we identified characteristic SSR alleles of each ecotype and eco-geographical type and a rapid index of discrimination based on characteristic *** characteristic alleles and rapid discrimination index may guide development of heterotic groups,and selection of hybrid parents.

关键词：遗传结构地理分化生态型中国籼稻水稻亚种微卫星

An effective framework for asynchronous incremental graph processing

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Frontiers of Computer science 2019年第3期13卷 539-551页

作者： Xinqiao LV Wei XIAO Yu ZHANG Xiaofei LIAO Hai JIN Qiangsheng HUA Service Computing Technology and System Lab Cluster and Grid Computing Lab School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China

Although many graph processing systems have been proposed, graphs in the real-world are often dynamic. It is important to keep the results of graph computation up-todate. Incremental computation is demonstrated to be an efficient solution to update calculated results. Recently, many incremental graph processing systems have been proposed to handle dynamic graphs in an asynchronous way and are able to achieve better performance than those processed in a synchronous way. However, these solutions still suffer from sub-optimal convergence speed due to their slow propagation of important vertex state (important to convergence speed) and poor locality. In order to solve these problems, we propose a novel graph processing framework. It introduces a dynamic partition method to gather the important vertices for high locality, and then uses a priority-based scheduling algorithm to assign them with a higher priority for an effective processing order. By such means, it is able to reduce the number of updates and increase the locality, thereby reducing the convergence time. Experimental results show that our method reduces the number of updates by 30%, and reduces the total execution time by 35%, compared with state-of-the-art systems.

关键词： incremental computation graph processing iterative computation asynchronous convergence

A haplotype block associated with thousand-kernel weight on chromosome 5DS in common wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第8期57卷 662-672页

作者： Yuquan Wang Chenyang Hao Jun Zheng Hongmei Ge Yang Zhou Zhengqiang Ma Xueyong Zhang crop Genomics and Bioinformatics Center and National Key Lab of crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement College of Agricultural SciencesNanjing Agricultural University Key Laboratory of crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement Ministry of Agriculture/Institute of Crop Science the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Spike number per unit area, number of grains per spike, and thousand-kernel weight（TKW） are important yield components for wheat（Triticum aestivum L.）. TKW has the highest heritability among the three components. We validated 27 simple sequence repeat（SSR） loci associated with TKW in an F2：5breeding population grown in four environments. A cfd78265 bpmarker on chromosome 5DS showed the strongest association with TKW and had a significantly positive effect on TKW compared to allele cfd78259 bp, with mean increases of 5.17, 3.63, 4.11, and 5.16 g in the four environments. Markers cfd67 and cfd40 flanking cfd78 also showed significantly positive associations with TKW with increases of 5.11, 3.29, 4.31, and 4.50 g for cfd67205, and4.98, 3.49, 4.06, and 4.84 g for cfd40187 compared with cfd67203 and cfd40190in the four environments, respectively. A major quantitative trait locus for TKW spanning 2.94 c M on chromosome 5DS was detected by association *** linkage disequilibrium（LD）（r2〉 0.2） was detected Resear among the three linked markers, which formed three haplotype blocks in the F2：5breeding population. Mean TKW differences between Hap B-I and Hap B-II were 5.80, 4.41, 4.02,and 5.06 g in the four environments, respectively. Moreover,significant LD was detected only between cfd78 and cfd67 and between cfd67 and cfd40 in a germplasm collection. This study provides a base for cloning genes related to TKW on chromosome 5DS.

关键词： Association mapping haplotype thousand-kernel weight Triticum oestivum

Molecular characterization and expression analysis of Triticum aestivum squamosa-promoter binding protein-box genes involved in ear development

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2014年第6期56卷 571-581页

作者： Bin Zhang Xia Liu Guangyao Zhao Xinguo Mao Ang Li Ruilian Jing National Key Facility for crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Science the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Bioengineering Shanxi University

Wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） is one of the most important crops in the world. Squamosa-promoter binding protein （SBP）-box genes play a critical role in regulating flower and fruit development. In this study, 10 novel SBP-box genes （TaSPL genes） were isolated from wheat （（Triticum aestivum L.） cultivar Yanzhan 4110）. Phylogenetic analysis classified the TaSPL genes into five groups （G1-G5）. The motif combinations and expression patterns of the TaSPL genes varied among the five groups with each having own distinctive characteristics： TaSPL20/21 in G1 and TaSPL17 in G2 mainly expressed in the shoot apical meristem and the young ear, and their expression levels responded to development of the ear; TaSPL6/15 belonging to G3 were upregulated and TaSPL1/23 in G4 were downregulated during grain development; the gene in G5 （TaSPL3） expressed constitutively. Thus, the consistency of the phylogenetic analysis, motif compositions, and expression patterns of the TaSPL genes revealed specific gene structures and functions. On the other hand, the diverse gene structures and different expression patterns suggested that wheat SBP-box genes have a wide range of functions. The results also suggest a potential role for wheat SBP-box genes in ear development. This study provides a significant beginning of functional analysis of SBP-box genes in wheat.

关键词： Expression profile grain yield squamosa-promoter binding protein-box genes Triticum aestivum

A climate-resilient R gene in rice traps two pathogen effectors for broad and durable resistance to bacterial blight

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Molecular Plant 2021年第3期14卷 366-368页

作者： Kaijun Zhao Qi Zhang National Key Facility for crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China

The fast-and ever-growing human population and rapid climate change are threatening the global food *** a staple food crop,rice(Oryza sativa)feeds nearly half of the world's ***,bacterial blight(BB),the most devastating bacterial disease of rice(Mew et al.,1993),caused by Xanthomonas oryzae ***(Xoo),affects millions of hectares of cultivated rice plants annually,with an estimated crop loss of as high as 75%.

关键词： sativa blight Oryza

Initial exploration of the mechanism underlying H2O2-induced root horizontal bending in pea

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science Bulletin 2015年第14期60卷 1298-1300页

作者： Sheng Li Li-Rong Su Shao-Ying Ma Zhen-Zhen Shi Xiao-Ming Yang Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland crop science College of Life Science and Technology Gansu Agricultural University Institute of crop Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences

It was reported that exogenous hydrogen peroxide （H2O2） can induce primary root bend in Arabidopsis and pea. However, the mechanism remains unclear. Here we explored the mechanism underlying this phenomenon by using the pea （Pisum sativum L.） variety ＂longwan No. 1＂ The results showed that the endogenous indole-3-acetic acid （IAA） content decreased and gibberellin A3 （GA3） content increased in the curving primary pea root induced by H2O2. Meanwhile, both of the two hormones asymmetrically distributed in the inside and outside parts of the curving root. Also, the starch content decreased due to the increased a-amylase activity in this process. However, exogenous Ca2＋ can relieve the horizontal bending of pea root induced by H2O2 and altered the contents of endogenous IAA and GA3. A working model was proposed： Exogenous H2O2 causes the increase in GA3 content, and GA3 stimulates the activity of or-amylase, which leads to the hydrolysis of starch, and then the root lost the gravity perceiving. The asymmetric distribution of IAA and GA3 in two sides of curving root may cause the horizontal *** Ca^2＋ can relieve root bending through altering the endogenous IAA and GA3 contents.

关键词： Gravitropism Exogenous H2O2Horizontal bending Primary pea root