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Quantitative trait locus mapping with background control in genetic populations of clonal F_1 and double cross

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第12期57卷 1046-1062页

作者： Luyan Zhang Huihui Li Junqiang Ding Jianyu Wu Jiankang Wang The National Key Facility for crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Science and CIMMYT China Office the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences National Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize crop science Henan Agricultural University

In this study, we considered five categories of molecular markers in clonal F1 and double cross populations, based on the number of distinguishable alleles and the number of distinguishable genotypes at the marker locus. Using the completed linkage maps, incomplete and missing markers were imputed as fully informative markers in order to simplify the linkage mapping approaches of quantitative trait genes. Under the condition of fully informative markers, we demonstrated that dominance effect between the female and male parents in clonal F1 and double cross populations can cause the interactions between markers. We then developed an inclusive linear model that includes marker variables and marker interactions so as to completely control additive effects of the female and male parents, as well as the dominance effect between the female and male parents. The linear model was finally used for background control in inclusive composite interval mapping （ICIM） of quantitative trait locus （QTL）. The efficiency of ICIM was demonstrated by extensive simulations and by comparisons with simple interval mapping, multiple-QTLmodels and composite interval mapping. Finally, ICIM was applied in one actual double cross population to identify QTL on days to silking in maize.

关键词： Clonal F1 double cross haploid building imputation quantitative trait locus mapping

Wheat functional genomics in the era of next generation sequencing: An update

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The crop Journal 2018年第1期6卷 7-14页

作者： Meiling Jia Jiantao Guan Zhiwen Zhai Shuaifeng Geng Xueyong Zhang Long Mao Aili Li National Key Facility for crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Bread wheat is not only an important cereal crop but also a model for study of an allopolyploid plant with a large, highly repetitive genome. Advances in next-generation sequencing(NGS) technology provide needed throughput to conquer the enormous size of the wheat genome. Multiple high quality reference genome sequences will soon be available. Full-scale wheat functional genomics studies are dawning. In this review we highlight the available tools and methodologies for wheat functional genomics research developed with the assistance of NGS technology and recent progress, particularly the concerted effort in generating multiple reference genomes, strategies to attain genome-wide genetic variation, genome-wide association studies, mutant population generation, and NGS-supported gene cloning and functional characterization. These resources and platforms lay a solid foundation for wheat research, leading to a new era of wheat functional genomics that will bridge the gap between genotype and *** of wheat genomes and gene functions should assist in genomics-assisted selection and facilitate breeding of elite varieties for sustainable agriculture in China and the world.

关键词： GWAS NGS TILLING Triticum aestivum

CRISPR/Cas9:A powerful tool for crop genome editing

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The crop Journal 2016年第2期4卷 75-82页

作者： Gaoyuan Song Meiling Jia Kai Chen Xingchen Kong Bushra Khattak Chuanxiao Xie Aili Li Long Mao National Key Facility for crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The CRISPR/Cas9 technology is evolved from a type II bacterial immune system and represents a new generation of targeted genome editing technology that can be applied to nearly all organisms. Site-specific modification is achieved by a single guide RNA(usually about 20nucleotides) that is complementary to a target gene or locus and is anchored by a protospaceradjacent motif. Cas9 nuclease then cleaves the targeted DNA to generate double-strand breaks(DSBs), which are subsequently repaired by non-homologous end joining(NHEJ) or homology-directed repair(HDR) mechanisms. NHEJ may introduce indels that cause frame shift mutations and hence the disruption of gene functions. When combined with double or multiplex guide RNA design, NHEJ may also introduce targeted chromosome deletions,whereas HDR can be engineered for target gene correction, gene replacement, and gene knock-in. In this review, we briefly survey the history of the CRISPR/Cas9 system invention and its genome-editing mechanism. We also describe the most recent innovation of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology, particularly the broad applications of modified Cas9 variants, and discuss the potential of this system for targeted genome editing and modification for crop improvement.

关键词： CRISPR/Cas9 Double-strand break Genome editing TALENs ZFNs

Function of the auxin-responsive gene TaSAUR75 under salt and drought stress

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The crop Journal 2018年第2期6卷 181-190页

作者： Yuan Guo Qiyan Jiang Zheng Hu Xianjun Sun Shoujin Fan Hui Zhang Institute of crop science National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences College of Life science Shandong Normal University

Small auxin-upregulated RNAs(SAURs) are genes regulated by auxin and environmental factors. In this study, we identified a SAUR gene in wheat, Ta SAUR75. Under salt stress,Ta SAUR75 is downregulated in wheat roots. Subcellular localization revealed that Ta SAUR75 was localized in both the cytoplasm and nucleus. Overexpression of Ta SAUR75 increased drought and salt tolerance in Arabidopsis. Transgenic lines showed higher root length and survival rate and higher expression of some stress-responsive genes than control plants under salt and drought stress. Less H_2O_2 accumulated in transgenic lines than in control plants under drought stress. Our findings reveal a positive regulatory role of the auxin-responsive gene Ta SAUR75 in plant responses to drought and salt stress and provide a candidate gene for improvement of abiotic stress tolerance in crop breeding.

关键词： TaSAUR75 Drought Salt ROS Wheat Arabidopsis

Influence of different nitrogen application on flour properties,gluten properties by HPLC and end-use quality of Korean wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第5期17卷 982-993页

作者： Seong-Woo Cho Chon-Sik Kang Taek-Gyu Kang Kwang-Min Cho Chul Soo Park Department of crop science and Biotechnology Chonbuk National University National Institute of crop science Rural Development Administration Research Center of Bioactive Materials Chonbuk National University

This study was performed to identify how the different levels of nitrogen application affected the variances of gluten properties and end-use qualities and the differences of variances among Korean wheat cultivars. Protein and dry gluten content, SDS sedimentation volume and water absorption of Mixolab increased as nitrogen application increased. This ratio of the increase was higher in Korean wheat cultivars for bread than in Korean wheat cultivars for noodles and cookies. The proportion of（α＋β）-gliadin measured by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography（RP-HPLC） increased, but the proportion of ω-and γ-gliadin decreased as the protein content increased. The Korean wheat cultivars for bread showed a high proportion of（α＋β）-gliadin increase, the Korean cultivars for noodles had a high proportion of γ-gliadin decrease and the Korean wheat cultivars for cookies had a high proportion of ω-gliadin decrease. However, there was no variation of the component in the proportion of glutenin component measured by RP-HPLC, even though the protein content was increased, but all of the protein fractions measured by size exclusion（SE）-HPLC were increased. The soluble monomeric protein showed a high proportion of Korean wheat cultivars for bread by the increase of protein content. Bread loaf volume increased by the increase of protein content but there were no variances in the ratio of increase among Korean wheat cultivars. The cookie diameter decreased with the increase of protein content, and this ratio of decrease was the highest in Korean wheat cultivars for cookies. The hardness of cooked noodles also increased by the increase of protein content but there were no variations in springiness and cohesiveness. The decrease proportion of ω-gliadin affected the increase of bread loaf volume, the hardness of cooked noodles, and the decrease of cookie diameter.

关键词： wheat gluten end-use quality cultivar nitrogen application

Syndiotactic Polymerization of Styrene and Copolymerization with Ethylene Catalyzed by Chiral Half-sandwich Rare-earth Metal Dialkyl Complexes

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Chinese Journal of Polymer science 2018年第2期36卷 222-230页

作者： De-Qian Peng Xin-Wen Yan Shao-Wen Zhang Xiao-Fang Li Key Laboratory of cluster science of Ministry of Education School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Beijing Institute of Technology

The syndiotactic polymerization of styrene（St） and the copolymerization of St with ethylene（E） were carried out by using a series of chiral half-sandwich rare-earth metal dialkyl complexes（Cp^x＊） as the catalysts. The complexes are Ln（CH2SiMe3）2（THF）（1-4： Ln = Sc（1）, Ln = Lu（2）, Ln = Y（3）, Ln = Dy（4）） bearing chiral cyclopentadienyl ligand containing bulky cylcohexane derivatives in the presence of activator and AliBu3. For the St polymerization, a high activity up to 3.1 × 10^6 g of polymer mol Ln^-1·h^-1 and a high syndiotactic selectivity more than 99% were achieved. The resulting syndiotactic polystyrenes（sPSs） have the molecular weights（Mn） ranging from 3700 g·mol^-1 to 6400 g·mol^-1 and the molecular weight distributions（Mw/Mn） from 1.40 to 5.03. As for the copolymerization of St and E, the activity was up to 2.4 × 10^6 g of copolymer mol Sc^-1·h^-1·MPa^-1, giving random St-E copolymers containing syndiotactic polystyrene sequences with different St content in the range of 15 mol%-58 mol%. These results demonstrate that the bulky cyclopentadienyl ligands of the chiral half-sandwich rare-earth metal complexes effectively inhibit the continued insertion of St monomers into the（co）polymer chain to some extent in comparison with the known half-sandwich rare-earth metal complexes.

关键词： Half-sandwich Rare-earth metal complex Syndiotacti cpolymerization Copolymerization Styrene Ethylene

Toxicity of Lanthanum to Pathogenic Fungi and Its Morphological Characteristics

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Journal of Rare Earths 2006年第5期24卷 607-612页

作者：慕康国赵秀琴胡林张福锁张文吉崔建宇 College of Resourse and Environmental science China Agricultural University Institute of crop science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science College of science China Agricultural University

The inhibitory effects of La on the mycelial growth of several soil-borne pathogenic fungi including Rhizoctonia solani , Pythium sp., Fusarium solani , Selerotinia sclerotiorum , and Fusarium oxyspoxum were studied in vitro. The results show that the mycelial growth was inhibited strongly by the La, with EC50 of 130 - 320 mg·L^-1 and EC95 of about 550- 40007 mg·L^-1 respectively. In addition, the morphological toxicity of La was studied by using the scanning electronic microscope. Treated by La, the mycelial growth of pathogenic fungi was significantly restrained, and the morphological characteristics were found to be abnormal, such as increased ramification, malformation, partial swelling and shrinking, and irregularly entangled mycelial block or rhizomorph.

关键词： pathogenic fungi inhibition lanthanum toxicity scanning electronic microscope morphological toxicity rare earths

Engineering thermotolerant plants: a solution to protecting crop production threatened by global warming

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science Bulletin 2015年第15期60卷 1366-1367页

作者： Jianmin Wan National Key Facility for crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused directly or indirectly by human emissions of greenhouse *** of climate change have already been evidenced by observed glacier retreat,chang... 详细信息

关键词：作物生产全球变暖开花植物耐热性威胁保护温室气体排放量非生物胁迫

Inhibition behavior of Tragia involucrata L. phenolic compounds against acidic medium corrosion in low carbon steel surface

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2019年第3期27卷 717-725页

作者： Ill-Min Chung Seung-Hyun Kim Venkatesan Hemapriya Kathirvel Kalaiselvi Mayakrishnan Prabakaran Department of crop science College of sanghr Life Science Konkuk University Department of Chemistry PSGR Krishnammal College for Women

The antioxidant and anticorrosive effect of Tragia involucrate L.(T. involucrate L.) was evaluated to aid in finding new compounds which can be used for various purposes. The total phenolic(TPC) and flavonoid content(TFC),antioxidant activity(DPPH, reducing potential and phosphomolybdenum), and electrochemical measurements,Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR), UV–visible(UV–vis) spectral analysis, scanning electron microscopy/energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy(SEM–EDX) and atomic force microscopy(AFM) were done to analyze the potency and also the inhibition efficiency of T. involucrate L. against 1 mol·L^(-1) HCl on low carbon steel. The TPC(145.21 mg GAE·g^(-1)), TFC(52.32 mg QCE·g^(-1)) and antioxidant activities were found to be significant. The electrochemical studies performed by AC impedance measurements showed significant changes in impedance spectra without causing any change in Nyquist plots. An increase in charge transfer resistance(Rct) values, a blockage in active sites exhibiting cathodic and anodic inhibition shows the action of inhibitor on low carbon steel. This was later confirmed by FT-IR and UV–vis which showed variation in absorption band at 270 nm and273 nm(before immersion) and 208 and 281 nm(after immersion). The same was tested again by SEM–EDX through altered strength of iron and oxygen bands and using AFM by analyzing the change in average roughness values of low carbon steel before(61.65 nm) and after(97.87 nm) exposure to blank acid without inhibitor, while it was shifted to 81.58 nm in acid with inhibitor. All these results showed strong evidence adding values to T. involucrate L. plant extract in inhibiting corrosion on low carbon steel and by promoting antioxidant importance of the extract which helps in scavenging free radicals.

关键词： Tragia involucrate L Antioxidant Corrosion Adsorption Electrochemistry SEM–EDX–AFM