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DCVAE-adv:A Universal Adversarial Example Generation Method for White and Black Box Attacks

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Tsinghua science and Technology 2024年第2期29卷 430-446页

作者： Lei Xu Junhai Zhai college of Mathematics and Information science Hebei UniversityBaoding 071002China

Deep neural network(DNN)has strong representation learning ability,but it is vulnerable and easy to be fooled by adversarial *** order to handle the vulnerability of DNN,many methods have been *** general idea of existing methods is to reduce the chance of DNN models being fooled by observing some designed adversarial examples,which are generated by adding perturbations to the original *** this paper,we propose a novel adversarial example generation method,called *** from the existing methods,DCVAE-adv constructs adversarial examples by mixing both explicit and implicit perturbations without using original ***,the proposed method can be applied to both white box and black box *** addition,in the inference stage,the adversarial examples can be generated without loading the original images into memory,which greatly reduces the memory *** compared DCVAE-adv with three most advanced adversarial attack algorithms:FGSM,AdvGAN,and AdvGAN++.The experimental results demonstrate that DCVAE-adv is superior to these state-of-the-art methods in terms of attack success rate and transfer ability for targeted *** code is available at https://***/xzforeverlove/DCVAE-adv.

关键词： deep neural network adversarial examples white box attack black box attack robustness

Dietary sodium acetate and sodium butyrate attenuate intestinal damage and improve lipid metabolism in juvenile largemouth bass(Micropterus salmoides) fed a high carbohydrate diet by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress

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Perovskite quantum laser with enhanced population inversion driven by plasmon-induced hot electron transfer under potential shift polarization conditions

Animal Nutrition 2024年第01期16卷 443-456页

作者： Liulan Zhao Liangshun Cheng Yifang Hu Xiaohui Li Yihui Yang Jin Mu Lianfeng Shen Guojun Hu Kuo He Haoxiao Yan Qiao Liu Song Yang college of Animal science and Technology Sichuan Agricultural University

High-carbohydrate(HC) diets decrease the intestinal levels of sodium acetate(SA) and sodium butyrate(SB) and impair the gut health of largemouth bass; however, SA and SB have been shown to enhance immunity and improve intestinal health in farmed animals. Thus, the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary SA and SB on HC diet-induced intestinal injury and the potential mechanisms in juvenile largemouth bass. The experiment set five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets, including a lowcarbohydrate diet(9% starch)(LC), a high carbohydrate diet(18% starch)(HC), and the HC diet supplemented with 2 g/kg SA(HCSA), 2 g/kg SB(HCSB) or a combination of 1 g/kg SA and 1 g/kg SB(HCSASB).The feeding experiment was conducted for 8 weeks. A total of 525 juvenile largemouth bass with an initial body weight of 7.00 ± 0.20 g were used. The results showed that dietary SA and SB improved the weight gain rate and specific growth rate (P<0.05) and ameliorated serum parameters(alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, glutamate transaminase, and glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase)(P<0.05). And, importantly, dietary SA and SB repaired the intestinal barrier by increasing the expression levels of zonula occludens-1, occludin, and claudin-7(P<0.05), reduced HC-induced intestinal damage, and alleviated intestinal inflammation and cell apoptosis by attenuating HC-induced intestinal endoplasmic reticulum stress(P<0.05). Further results revealed that dietary SA and SB reduced HC-induced intestinal fat deposition by inhibiting adipogenesis and promoting lipolysis(P<0.05). In summary, this study demonstrated that dietary SA and SB attenuated HC-induced intestinal damage and reduced excessive intestinal fat deposition in largemouth bass.

关键词： Sodium acetate Sodium butyrate High carbohydrate diet Endoplasmic reticulum stress Intestine health Lipid metabolism

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Photonics Research 2024年第5期12卷 986-994页

作者： YONG PAN LIJIE WU YUAN ZHANG YIHAO ZHANG JIE XU HAIXIA XIE JIANGUO CAO college of science Xi'an University of Architecture and TechnologyXi'an 710055China

The hot electron transfer resulting in fluorescence enhancement is significantly meaningful for theory and experiment of the study on photoelectric ***,the laser emission based on direct hot electron transfer is difficult to realize because of the low transfer *** achieve a laser with a new-generation mechanism based on hot electron transfer,the photoelectric co-excitation is proposed for improving the efficiency of hot electron *** lasing behavior at 532 nm is realized with a threshold of 5 kw cm^(-2)and 1μA,which can be considered as the hot electron transfer resulting in population inversion ***,the lasing output power is 0.3 *** hot electrons transfer process was described via the transient absorption spectrum according to the improved ground-state bleaching and excited-state absorption signal in device *** comparison with the optical pump only,the quantum efficiencies of hot electron generation(HEG)and hot electron transfer(HET)were increased~31%and 31%,*** importantly,a triple gain mode coupling device including local surface plasmon,hot electron transfer,and array oscillation was *** modes of population inversion enhancement are *** study can provide theoretical and experimental reference for the research of hot electron lasers and devices.

关键词： polarization pump transfer

Fluid-structure interaction simulation of dynamic response and wake of floating offshore wind turbine considering tower shadow effect

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Acta Mechanica Sinica 2024年第8期40卷 67-84页

作者： Songyang Liu Zhiqiang Xin Lei Wang Zhiming Cai college of Mechanics and Engineering science HoHai UniversityNanjing211100China

The comprehensive numerical simulation of the tower shadow effect on floating offshore wind turbines(FOWTs),an area less explored compared to fixed-bottom wind turbines,is presented in this *** atmospheric boundary layer inflow and the joint north sea wave project random wave are used as the operating conditions for *** combination of computational fluid dynamics(CFD)software simulator for wind farm applications and turbine simulation tool OpenFAST is used to implement fluid-structure interaction *** output power,platform motion,wake velocity deficit and vortex structures are analyzed to reveal the influence of the tower shadow effect on the *** results indicate that due to the fluctuation caused by the turbulent wind and the floating platform motion,the tower shadow effect of FOWT is less significant for its periodic power decay than that of fixed-bottom wind *** according to the velocity deficit analysis,the influence area of the tower shadow effect on the wake is mainly in the near wake region.

关键词： Floating offshore wind turbine Tower shadow effect Atmospheric boundary layer inflow JONSWAP wave Wind turbine wake

Target parameter estimation for OTFS-integrated radar and communications based on sparse reconstruction preprocessing

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第5期25卷 742-754页

作者： Zhenkai ZHANG Xiaoke SHANG Yue XIAO Ocean college Jiangsu University of Science and TechnologyZhenjiang 212003China

Orthogonal time-frequency space(OTFS)is a new modulation technique proposed in recent years for high Doppler wireless *** solve the parameter estimation problem of the OTFS-integrated radar and communications system,we propose a parameter estimation method based on sparse reconstruction preprocessing to reduce the computational effort of the traditional weighted subspace fitting(WSF)***,an OTFS-integrated echo signal model is ***,the echo signal is transformed to the time domain to separate the target angle from the range,and the range and angle of the detected target are coarsely estimated by using the sparse reconstruction ***,the WSF algorithm is used to refine the search with the coarse estimate at the center to obtain an accurate *** simulations demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed parameterestimation algorithm.

关键词： Integrated radar and communications system Orthogonal time-frequency space Target parameter estimation Sparse reconstruction Weighted subspace fitting

Multi-exit self-distillation with appropriate teachers

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2024年第4期25卷 585-599页

作者： Wujie SUN Defang CHEN Can WANG Deshi YE Yan FENG Chun CHEN college of Computer science and Technology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310000China

Multi-exit architecture allows early-stop inference to reduce computational cost,which can be used in resource-constrained *** works combine the multi-exit architecture with self-distillation to simultaneously achieve high efficiency and decent performance at different network ***,existing methods mainly transfer knowledge from deep exits or a single ensemble to guide all exits,without considering that inappropriate learning gaps between students and teachers may degrade the model performance,especially in shallow *** address this issue,we propose Multi-exit self-distillation with Appropriate TEachers(MATE)to provide diverse and appropriate teacher knowledge for each *** MATE,multiple ensemble teachers are obtained from all exits with different trainable *** exit subsequently receives knowledge from all teachers,while focusing mainly on its primary teacher to keep an appropriate gap for efficient knowledge *** this way,MATE achieves diversity in knowledge distillation while ensuring learning *** results on CIFAR-100,TinyImageNet,and three fine-grained datasets demonstrate that MATE consistently outperforms state-of-the-art multi-exit self-distillation methods with various network architectures.

关键词： Multi-exit architecture Knowledge distillation Learning gap

Recent advances in Fe-N-C-and Co-N-C-based materials as bifunctional electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution

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science China Chemistry 2024年第4期67卷 1137-1160页

作者： Hui-Min Xu Hong-Rui Zhu Chen-Jin Huang Zhi-Jie Zhang Ting-Yu Shuai Qi-Ni Zhan Gao-Ren Li college of Materials science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

Fe-nitrogen-carbon(Fe-N-C)-and Co-nitrogen-carbon(Co-N-C)-based electrocatalysts have been widely concerned because of their high OER/ORR activity,low metal cost,and simple *** exploration of Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atombased catalysts with high activity and stability to overcome the slow kinetics of oxygen reduction and oxygen evolution reactions is also the key to the development of efficient electrolytic water,fuel cells,and rechargeable metal-air ***-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based electrocatalysts have the advantages of a high utilization rate of metal atoms and high electrocatalytic activity,and are ideal catalysts for promoting electrochemical energy conversion and *** general principles of designing Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based electrocatalysts are reviewed in this ***,the strategies to improve the bifunctional catalytic activity and stability are ***,the challenges and prospects of Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based catalysts are well *** review will provide a reference for the directed optimization of Fe-N-C and Co-N-C single atom-based catalysts.

关键词： Fe-N-C Co-N-C single atom bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts

Factors resisting protein adsorption on hydrophilic/hydrophobic self-assembled monolayers terminated with hydrophilic hydroxyl groups

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第6期33卷 605-612页

作者：毛党新吴园燕涂育松 college of Physics science and Technology Yangzhou UniversityYangzhou 225009China

The hydroxyl-terminated self-assembled monolayer(OH-SAM),as a surface resistant to protein adsorption,exhibits substantial potential in applications such as ship navigation and medical implants,and the appropriate strategies for designing anti-fouling surfaces are ***,we employ molecular dynamics simulations and alchemical free energy calculations to systematically analyze the factors influencing resistance to protein adsorption on the SAMs terminated with single or double OH groups at three packing densities(∑=2.0 nm^(-2),4.5 nm^(-2),and 6.5 nm^(-2)),*** the first time,we observed that the compactness and order of interfacial water enhance its physical barrier effect,subsequently enhancing the resistance of SAM to protein ***,the spatial hindrance effect of SAM leads to the embedding of protein into SAM,resulting in a lack of resistance of SAM towards ***,the number of hydroxyl groups per unit area of double OH-terminated SAM at ∑=6.5 nm^(-2) is approximately 2 to 3 times that of single OH-terminated SAM at ∑=6.5 nm^(-2) and 4.5 nm^(-2),consequently yielding a weaker resistance of double OH-terminated SAM towards ***,due to the structure of SAM itself,i.e.,the formation of a nearly perfect ice-like hydrogen bond structure,the SAM exhibits the weakest resistance towards *** study will complement and improve the mechanism of OH-SAM resistance to protein adsorption,especially the traditional barrier effect of interfacial water.

关键词： molecular dynamics simulation self-assembled monolayer resistance to protein adsorption hydrogen bond interfacial water

TCAS-PINN:Physics-informed neural networks with a novel temporal causality-based adaptive sampling method

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第5期33卷 344-364页

作者：郭嘉王海峰古仕林侯臣平 college of science National University of Defense TechnologyChangsha 410073China

Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)have become an attractive machine learning framework for obtaining solutions to partial differential equations(PDEs).PINNs embed initial,boundary,and PDE constraints into the loss *** performance of PINNs is generally affected by both training and ***,training methods focus on how to overcome the training difficulties caused by the special PDE residual loss of PINNs,and sampling methods are concerned with the location and distribution of the sampling points upon which evaluations of PDE residual loss are ***,a common problem among these original PINNs is that they omit special temporal information utilization during the training or sampling stages when dealing with an important PDE category,namely,time-dependent PDEs,where temporal information plays a key role in the algorithms *** is one method,called Causal PINN,that considers temporal causality at the training level but not special temporal utilization at the sampling *** temporal knowledge into sampling remains to be *** fill this gap,we propose a novel temporal causality-based adaptive sampling method that dynamically determines the sampling ratio according to both PDE residual and temporal *** designing a sampling ratio determined by both residual loss and temporal causality to control the number and location of sampled points in each temporal sub-domain,we provide a practical solution by incorporating temporal information into *** experiments of several nonlinear time-dependent PDEs,including the Cahn–Hilliard,Korteweg–de Vries,Allen–Cahn and wave equations,show that our proposed sampling method can improve the *** demonstrate that using such a relatively simple sampling method can improve prediction performance by up to two orders of magnitude compared with the results from other methods,especially when points are limited.

关键词： partial differential equation physics-informed neural networks residual-based adaptive sampling temporal causality