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The relationships between maize(Zea mays L.)lodging resistance and yield formation depend on dry matter allocation to ear and stem

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The Crop Journal 2023年第1期11卷 258-268页

作者： Ping Zhang Shuangcheng Gu Yuanyuan Wang Chenchen Xu Yating Zhao Xiaoli Liu Pu Wang Shoubing Huang college of agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China college of agronomy South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642GuangdongChina

Lodging is a critical constraint to yield *** appear to be tradeoffs between yield formation and lodging resistance in ***,it is feasible to reduce lodging risk as well as increase grain yield by optimizing dry-matter allocation to different organs under different environments.A three-year field experiment was conducted using four maize cultivars with differing lodging resistances and five growing environments in 2018–***-susceptible(LS)cultivars on average yielded more than lodging-resistant(LR)cultivars when lodging was not *** yield components kernel number per ear(KN)and thousand-kernel weight(TKW)were both negatively correlated with lodging resistance traits(stalk bending strength,rind penetration strength,and dry matter weight per internode length).Before silking,the LR cultivar Lishou 1(LS1)transported more assimilates to the basal stem,resulting in a thicker basal stem,which reduced dry matter allocation to the ear and in turn *** lower KN of LS1 was also due partly to the lower plant height(PH),which increased lodging resistance but limited plant dry matter *** contrast,the LS cultivars Xianyu 335(XY335)and Xundan 20(XD20)produced and allocated more photoassimilates to ears,but limited dry matter allocation to *** silking,LS cultivars showed higher TKW than LR cultivars as a function of high photoassimilate productivity and high assimilate allocation to the *** higher lodging resistance of LS1 was due mainly to the greater assimilate allocation to stem after silking and lower PH and ear height(EH).High-yielding and high-LR traits of Fumin(FM985)were related to optimized EH and stem anatomical structure,higher leaf productivity,low assimilate demand for kernel formation,and assimilate partitioning to ear.A high presilking temperature accelerated stem extension but reduced stem dry matter accumulation and basal stem ***-silking temperature influences lodging resistance and yield m

关键词： Corn Lodging Yield formation Physical traits Dry matter allocation

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Trehalose:A sugar molecule involved in temperature stress management in plants

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The Crop Journal 2024年第1期12卷 1-16页

作者： Ali Raza Savita Bhardwaj Md Atikur Rahman Pedro García-Caparrós Madiha Habib Faisal Saeed Sidra Charagh Christine H.Foyer Kadambot H.M.Siddique Rajeev K.Varshney college of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(FAFU)Fuzhou 350002FujianChina Department of Botany School of Bioengineering and BiosciencesLovely Professional UniversityPhagwara 144411India Department of Botany MCM DAV CollegeKangraHimachal Pradesh 176001India Grassland and Forage Division National Institute of Animal ScienceRural Development AdministrationCheonan 31000Republic of Korea agronomy Department of Superior School Engineering University of AlmeríaAlmeríaSpain National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology National Agricultural Research CentrePark Rd.Islamabad 45500Pakistan Agriculture Health and Environment DepartmentNatural Resources InstituteFaculty of Engineering&ScienceUniversity of GreenwichKent ME44TBUK State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesHangzhouZhejiangChina School of Biosciences College of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of BirminghamEdgbaston B152TTUK The UWA Institute of Agriculture The University of Western AustraliaCrawleyPerth 6009Australia WA State Agricultural Biotechnology Centre Centre for Crop and Food InnovationFood Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia

Trehalose(Tre)is a non-reducing disaccharide found in many species,including bacteria,fungi,invertebrates,yeast,and even plants,where it acts as an osmoprotectant,energy source,or protein/membrane *** relatively small amounts in plants,Tre concentrations increase following exposure to abiotic ***-6-phosphate,a precursor of Tre,has regulatory functions in sugar metabolism,crop production,and stress *** the various abiotic stresses,temperature extremes(heat or cold stress)are anticipated to impact crop production worldwide due to ongoing climate *** small amounts of Tre can mitigate negative physiological,metabolic,and molecular responses triggered by temperature *** also interacts with other sugars,osmoprotectants,amino acids,and phytohormones to regulate metabolic reprogramming that underpins temperature stress *** plants expressing Tre-synthesis genes accumulate Tre and show improved stress ***-wide studies of Tre-encoding genes suggest roles in plant growth,development,and stress *** review discusses the functions of Tre in mitigating temperature stress—highlighting genetic engineering approaches to modify Tre metabolism,crosstalk,and interactions with other molecules—and in-silico approaches for identifying novel Tre-encoding genes in diverse plant *** consider how this knowledge can be used to develop temperature-resilient crops essential for sustainable agriculture.

关键词： Abiotic stress Gene expression Genetic engineering Osmolyte Trehalose-6-phosphate

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Responses of maize germination,root morphology and leaf trait to characteristics of lead pollution:a case study

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2023年第1期10卷 184-196页

作者： Yongjian He Ranran Jiang Xiuli Hou college of agronomy and Life Sciences KunmingUniversity650214 KunmingChina

On base of the content of Pb in the soil under different land use patterns in Lanping Lead-zinc mining area,Yunnan in southwest China,the root morphology and leaf traits of maize in different concentration Pb(20,40,60,80,100,150,200,500,1000,2000,3000 mg/L)were *** results showed that maize germination rate,germination vigor and growth index decreased with the increase of Pb *** root length,surface area of maize increased by 0.21%-81.58%,8.99%-73.43%,1.50%-77.37%,respectively,under 20-500 mg/L Pb ***,these parameters under 1000-3000 mg/L Pb concentration decreased by 37.86%-553.54%,44.99%-766.16%,55.99%-92.81%,respectively,and these lowest value appeared in 3000 mg/L Pb *** root volume of maize increased by 4.57%-89.25%in 20-80 mg/L Pb concentration,and it decreased with the increase of Pb concentration when the Pb concentration was higher than 80 mg/L and decreased by 94.13%in 3000 mg/L *** root surface area and length of 0.50-1.00 diameter class were higher than those of other diameter classes,and these value of maize under 500 mg/L Pb were higher than those of other *** length and perimeter of maize leaves with the highest value of 220.36 and 962.68 mm,respectively appeared in 60 mg/L Pb *** leaf width and area of maize with the highest value of 15.68 mm and 2448.31 mm^(2),respectively,appeared in 40 mg/L Pb treatment,which indicated that the leaf traits of maize were promoted by low concentration Pb and inhibited by high concentration Pb.

关键词： Pb stress Root morphology Leaf traits Seed germination

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The Correlation between Nutrition and Transport Mechanism under Abiotic Stress in Plants: A Comprehensive Review

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第6期93卷 1325-1344页

作者： Muhammad Saleem Jianhua Zhang Muhammad Qasim Rashid Iqbal Li Song Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety The Ministry of Education of ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular BreedingYangzhou UniversityYangzhou225009China Microelement Research Center College of Resources and EnvironmentHuazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan430070China Department of agronomy Faculty of Agriculture and EnvironmentThe Islamia University of BahawalpurBahawalpur63100Pakistan

Variations in the nutrients and water that plants require for metabolism,development,and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis are the main causes of abiotic stress in *** has,however,hardly ever been studied how these transporter proteins,such as aquaporin which is responsible for food and water intake in cell plasma mem-branes,interact with one *** review aims to explore the interactions between nutrient transporters and aquaporins during water and nutrient *** also investigates how symbiotic relationships inﬂuence the plant genome’s responses to regulatory processes such as photoperiodism,senescence,and nitrogenﬁ*** responses are observed in reaction to various abiotic *** instance,plasma membrane transporters are upregulated during macronutrient insufﬁciency,tonoplast transporters are overexpressed,and aquaporins are downregulated in micronutrient deﬁ***,tolerant plants often exhibit increased expression of nutrient transporters and aquaporins in response to drought,salt,and cold *** better comprehend plant stress tolerance to abiotic challenges including starvation,K famine,salt,and freezing temperatures,both classes of nutrient and water transporters should be considered at the same time.

关键词： Nutrients abiotic stress aquaporin transporters

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The CropGPT project:Call for a global,coordinated effort in precision design breeding driven by Al using biological big data

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Molecular Plant 2024年第2期17卷 215-218页

作者： Wanchao Zhu Rui Han Xiaoyang Shang Tao Zhou Chengyong Liang Xiaomeng Qin Hong Chen Zaiwen Feng Hongwei Zhang Xingming Fan Weifu Li Lin Li National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Maize in Arid Area of Northwest Region College of AgronomyNorthwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China college of Informatics Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Breeding Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China institute of Food Crops Sciences Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences2238 Beijing RoadKunmingYunnan 650200China Hubei Hongshan Laboratory Wuhan 430070China Shenzhen Institute of Nutrition and Health Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of AgricultureAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesShenzhen 518120China

Since the beginning of humanity,people have been seeking practical solutions to meet their most basic need:*** advent of agriculture greatly increased the food supply and led to a rapid increase in the human *** food production via agriculture can be attributed to both improved crop management practices and crop breeding through ***(crop)breeding has been categorized into four major stages based on the techniques employed(Wallace et al.,2018).

关键词： breeding seeking Wallace

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Foliar applications of various nitrogen(N)forms to winter wheat affect grain protein accumulation and quality via N metabolism and remobilization

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The Crop Journal 2022年第4期10卷 1165-1177页

作者： Xiaokang Lyu Yang Liu Na Li Liban Ku Yuting Hou Xiaoxia Wen college of agronomy Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina

Foliar nitrogen(N)application is an effective strategy to improve protein content and quality in wheat kernels,but the specific effects of N forms remain *** a two-year field study,foliar application of various N forms(NO_(3)^(-),urea,NH_(4)^(+))at anthesis was performed to measure their effects on wheat grain protein accumulation,quality formation,and the underlying *** application of three N forms showed varying effects in improving grain gluten proteins and quality *** NH_(4)^(+) application,there was more post-anthesis N uptake for grain filling,with relatively strong increase in enzyme activities and gene expression associated with N metabolism in flag leaves at 8–20 days after anthesis(DAA),whereas its promotion of grain N metabolism became weaker after 20 DAA than those under NO_(3)^(-) and urea *** N was remobilized from source organs to grain under treatment with foliar NO_(3)^(-) and *** controlling the synthesis of gluten protein and disulfide bonds were upregulated by NO_(3)^(-) and urea at 20–28 DAA,contributing to increased grain protein content and ***,foliar applications of NO_(3)^(-) and urea were more effective than those of NH_(4)^(+) in increasing grain N *** findings show that manipulating the source–sink relationship by reinforcing grain N metabolism and N remobilization is critical for optimizing grain protein accumulation and quality formation.

关键词： Nitrogen remobilization Source-Sink Gluten protein Grain filling Quality formation

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Antibacterial Activity and Mechanisms of Ethanol Extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Magnolia officinalis against Phytophthora nicotianae

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第7期92卷 1987-1999页

作者： Xu Gao Ziqi Shen Jinliang Xu Min Fan Qiang Li college of agronomy Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha410128China

Phytophthora nicotianae causes substantial economic losses in most countries where tobacco is *** present,the control of *** mainly depends on chemical methods,with considerable environmental and health *** investigated the effects of ethanol extracts from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi(SBG)and Magnolia officinalis(MO).On mycelial growth,sporangium formation,and zoospore release of *** extracts inhibited the growth of ***,with mycelial growth inhibition rates of 88.92%and 93.92%,respectively,at 40 mg/mL,and EC50 values of 5.39 and 5.74 mg/mL,*** underlying mechanisms were the inhibition of sporangium formation,the reduction of zoospore number,and the destruction of the mycelium *** an SBG extract concentration of 16.17 mg/mL,the inhibition rates for sporangia and zoospores were 98.66%and 99.39%,*** an MO extract concentration of 2.87 mg/mL,the production of sporangia and zoospores was completely *** hyphae treated with the two plant extracts showed different degrees of deformation and *** treated with SBG extract showed adhesion and local swelling,whereas treatment with MO extract resulted in broken *** of the extracts resulted in a good synergistic effect.

关键词： Phytophthora nicotianae bacteriostatic activity Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi Magnolia officinalis

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Construction and Functional Analysis of CRISPR/Cas9 Vector of FAD2 Gene Family in Soybean

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2022年第2期91卷 349-361页

作者： Zhifeng Xiao Yukun Jin Qi Zhang Abraham Lamboro Baozhu Dong Zhuoyu Yang Piwu Wang college of agronomy Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun130118China

Soybean oleic acid content is one of the important indexes to evaluate the quality of soybean *** the synthesis pathway of soybean fatty acids,the FAD2 gene family is the key gene that regulates the production of linoleic acid from soybean oleic *** this study,CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology was used to regulate FAD2 gene ***,the CRISPR/Cas9 single knockout vectors GmFAD2-1B and GmFAD2-2C and double knockout vectors GmFAD2-2A-3 were ***,the three vectors were transferred into the recipient soybean variety Jinong 38 by Agrobacterium-mediated cotyledon node transformation,and the mutant plants were *** analysis and comparison of the mutant plants of the T2 and T3 generations were carried *** results showed that there was no significant difference in agronomic traits between the CRISPR/Cas9 single and double knockout vectors and the untransformed CRISPR/Cas9 receptor *** oleic acid content of the plants that knocked out the CRISPR/Cas9 double gene vector was significantly higher than that of the single gene vector.

关键词： Soybean FAD2 gene family CRISPR/Cas9 oleic acid content

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The Improvement of Soybean Salt Tolerance by Overexpressed GmPAO1

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第4期92卷 1109-1124页

作者： Yeyao Du Yang Song Ye Zhang Sujie Fan Hanzhu Zhang Piwu Wang college of agronomy Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun130118China

Polyamines play an important regulatory role during plant growth and development and adversity stress,and polyamine oxidase(PAO)is involved in polyamine *** this study,an up-regulated polyamine oxidase gene GmPAO1 was obtained by transcriptome sequencing analysis and screening at soybean seedling ***,its expression pattern and function were *** identification results of transgenic GmPAO1 soybean positive lines showed that the relative expression level of GmPAO1 in the overexpressed lines was increased under salt *** increasing stress concentration,the seed germination rate ***,the seed germination rate of the overexpressed lines was significantly higher than that of the control lines,and the phenotypic character of the root systems was also better than that of the control *** measurement of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)activities and malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide contents revealed that the overexpressed soybean lines significantly increased the SOD and POD activities,significantly reducing the malondialdehyde *** the hydrogen peroxide content in the transformed plants gradually increased,the hydrogen peroxide content in the overexpression lines was still lower than that in the gene editing *** on this,it was preliminarily judged that GmPAO1 can improve soybean salt tolerance.

关键词： Soybean polyamine oxidase salt tolerance overexpressed

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Quantitative Trait Loci(QTL)Mapping and Marker Analysis of Fatty Acids in Peanut

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2023年第9期92卷 2577-2589页

作者： Xiao Han Songnan Yang Xueying Li Qiulin Wu Yongyi Xing Jun Zhang Fenglou Ling college of agronomy Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun130118China

Peanut,with high oil content,has been a major oil and food crop *** compositions of the fatty acids are the common factors in determining the oil *** the present study,an F2 segregated population with 140 individuals derived from the cross of Weihua8(a cultivar)and 12L49(a line with high oleic acid concentration)was used to construct a genetic map and conduct QTL mapping analysis.A total of 103 polymorphic SSR primers were utilized for genotyping the RILs and finally generating the SSR *** the 103 SSR loci,a genetic linkage map,covering a total length of 3592.35 cM of the whole peanut genome,was *** on the genetic map,sixteen QTLs located on nine linkage groups related to peanut fatty acids were finally *** them,four QTLs were detected associated with various traits simultaneously,which showed genetic stability in relation to fatty acids of *** for the QTLs for oleic acid,linoleic acid,and linolenic acid,three novel QTLs for arachidic acid and behenic acid were also *** QTLs might be helpful for further fine mapping analysis and marker-assisted selection of fatty acids in peanut.

关键词： Peanut fatty acids simple sequence repeat genetic linkage map QTL mapping

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