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Movement Trend Alterations in the Periaqueductal Gray(PAG)-Employed Ratbot Navigation Are Correlated with Stimulation Parameters

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 866-876页

作者： Sina Khajei Abed Khorasani Mohammad Reza Afarinesh Vahid Sheibani neuroscience Research Center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical SciencesKerman***Iran cognitive neuroscience Research Center Institute of NeuropharmacologyKerman University of Medical SciencesKerman***Iran

In previous studies,Periaqueductal Gray(PAG)stimulation was used to stop ratbots from *** to the homology between the PAG and the intercollicular nucleus,which has been used for forward movement in birds,we investigated the possibility of PAG application to induce forward locomotion for the first *** a corridor maze,the traveled distances via PAG electrical stimulation were examined in nine Wistar male rats during three sessions.A custom-designed stimulator was developed to apply the *** results showed reductions in responses to stimulation over ***,the traveled distances had negative slopes during the consecutive trials(in 8 out of the 9 rats),and the slope mean was significantly different from *** was a strong correlation between the stimulation parameters(electric Charge per Phase(CPP)and the Number of Pulses(NP))and the observed *** negative Movement Slopes(MS)were highly correlated with the CPP and the NP,as the Pearson's linear correlation coefficients were−0.87 and−0.79,*** MS-CPP coefficients of determination(R-squared)were also between 0.76 and *** addition,the MS-NP coefficients of determination were between 0.63 and ***,it is concluded that the electrical stimulation parameters influence the behavioral outcomes ***,the PAG area may be considered a suitable candidate for forward locomotion control in the future if the area is harnessed effectively to prevent undesirable chaotic behaviors.

关键词： Periaqueductal Gray(PAG) Navigation Ratbot Animal-robot Forward locomotion Movement slope

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Dynamic Organization of Large-scale Functional Brain Networks Supports Interactions Between Emotion and Executive Control

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neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第7期40卷 981-991页

作者： Haiyang Geng Pengfei Xu Andre Aleman Shaozheng Qin Yue-Jia Luo State Key Laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and Learning Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute for Translational ResearchShanghai 200040China Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education(BNU)Faculty of PsychologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Center for Neuroimaging Shenzhen Institute of NeuroscienceShenzhen 518107China University of Groningen Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and SystemsSection Cognitive NeuroscienceUniversity Medical Center GroningenGroningenThe Netherlands Institute for Neuropsychological Rehabilitation University of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesQingdao 266113China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Affective and Social neuroscience Magnetic Resonance ImagingCenter for Brain Disorders and Cognitive SciencesShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Chinese Institute for Brain Research Beijing 102206China

Emotion and executive control are often conceptualized as two distinct modes of human brain ***,however,is known about how the dynamic organization of large-scale functional brain networks that support flexible emotion processing and executive control,especially their *** amygdala and prefrontal systems have long been thought to play crucial roles in these *** advances in human neuroimaging studies have begun to delineate functional organization principles among the large-scale brain networks underlying emotion,executive control,and their ***,we propose a dynamic brain network model to account for interactive competition between emotion and executive control by reviewing recent resting-state and task-related neuroimaging studies using network-based *** this model,dynamic interactions among the executive control network,the salience network,the default mode network,and sensorimotor networks enable dynamic processes of emotion and support flexible executive control of multiple processes;neural oscillations across multiple frequency bands and the locus coeruleus−norepinephrine pathway serve as communicational mechanisms underlying dynamic synergy among large-scale functional brain *** model has important implications for understanding how the dynamic organization of complex brain systems and networks empowers flexible cognitive and affective functions.

关键词： Dynamic brain network Emotion Executive control Salience network Executive control network Default mode network

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Neuron-to-astrocyte proteostatic stress signaling in response to tau pathology

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 505-506页

作者： Kevin Llewelyn Batenburg Wiep Scheper Amsterdam UMC location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Department of Human GeneticsAmsterdam Neuroscience-NeurodegenerationAmsterdamThe Netherlands Department of Functional Genomics Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive ResearchVrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdam Neuroscience-NeurodegenerationAmsterdamThe Netherlands

Maintenance of protein homeostasis or“proteostasis”is essential for the functioning and viability of *** is in particular the case for cells like neurons that cannot self-renew and acquire unique functional properties during their *** proteostatic stress responses are in place to protect cells from damage in case of proteostatic *** integrated stress response(ISR)is one of the key proteostatic stress responses in the cell(Costa-Mattioli and Walter,2020).The ISR is the downstream convergence point for the four stress-induced eIF2αkinases(EIF2AK1-4)that control stress-regulated protein translation via phosphorylation of the translation factor eIF2α.ISR activation results in a transient reduction of global translation while it concomitantly enhances the translation of specific mRNAs,including that encoding the activating transcription factor 4(ATF4).Together,the translational control mediated by the ISR results in a temporary reduction of the overall protein load and the selectively increased expression of proteins that contribute to restoration of the proteostatic balance.

关键词： translation stress Together

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Distributions of Visual Receptive Fields from Retinotopic to Craniotopic Coordinates in the Lateral Intraparietal Area and Frontal Eye Fields of the Macaque

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neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第2期40卷 171-181页

作者： Lin Yang Min Jin Cong Zhang Ning Qian Mingsha Zhang Key Laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and Learning Division of PsychologyBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Institute of neuroscience Key Laboratory of Primate NeurobiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Department of neuroscience and Zuckerman Institute Columbia UniversityNew York 10027USA

Even though retinal images of objects change their locations following each eye movement,we perceive a stable and continuous *** possible mechanism by which the brain achieves such visual stability is to construct a craniotopic coordinate by integrating retinal and extraretinal *** have been several proposals on how this may be done,including eye-position modulation(gain fields)of retinotopic receptive fields(RFs)and craniotopic *** the present study,we investigated coordinate systems used by RFs in the lateral intraparietal(LIP)cortex and frontal eye fields(FEF)and compared the two *** mapped the two-dimensional RFs of neurons in detail under two eye fixations and analyzed how the RF of a given neuron changes with eye position to determine its coordinate *** same recording and analysis procedures were applied to the two brain *** found that,in both areas,RFs were distributed from retinotopic to craniotopic *** was no significant difference between the distributions in the LIP and *** a small fraction of neurons was fully craniotopic,whereas most neurons were between the retinotopic and craniotopic *** distributions were strongly biased toward the retinotopic side but with significant craniotopic *** results suggest that there is only weak evidence for craniotopic RFs in the LIP and FEF,and that transformation from retinotopic to craniotopic coordinates in these areas must rely on other factors such as gain fields.

关键词： Reference frames Eye-centered Headcentered Visual stability

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Modular-integrative modeling: a new framework for building brain models that blend biological realism and functional performance

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National Science Review 2024年第05期 13-16页

作者： Mario Senden Sacha J.van Albada Giovanni Pezzulo Egidio Falotico Ibrahim Hashim Alexander Kroner Anno C.Kurth Pablo Lanillos Vaishnavi Narayanan Cyriel Pennartz Mihai A.Petrovici Lea Steffen Tonio Weidler Rainer Goebel Department of cognitive neuroscience Maastricht University Maastricht Brain Imaging Centre Maastricht University Institute of neuroscience and Medicine(INM-6) and Institute for Advanced Simulation(IAS-6) and JARA-Institut Brain Structure-Function Relationships(INM-10) Jülich Research Center Institute of Zoology University of Cologne Institute of cognitive Sciences and Technologies The Bio Robotics Institute Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna RWTH Aachen University Donders Institute for Brain Cognition and BehaviorRadboud University cognitive and systems neuroscience group Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences University of Amsterdam Department of Physiology University of Bern FZI Research Center of Information Technology

To cope with the immense complexity of the brain, neuroscientific research often focuses on isolated brain structures or circumscribed perceptual, cognitive or motor functions [1]. This reductionist approach overlooks the intricate and multifaceted interplay among various structural and functional *** instance, even simple movements require the coordinated activation of numerous neuronal populations across multiple brain regions [2].

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Pathological and physiological functional cross-talks ofα-synuclein and tau in the central nervous system

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 855-862页

作者： Mingyue Jin Shengming Wang Xiaodie Gao Zhenyou Zou Shinji Hirotsune Liyuan Sun Guangxi Key Laboratory of Brain and cognitive neuroscience Guilin Medical University Department of Genetic Disease Research Osaka Metropolitan University Graduate School of Medicine Department of Scientific Research Brain Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

α-Synuclein and tau are abundant multifunctional brain proteins that are mainly expressed in the presynaptic and axonal compartments of neurons,*** works have revealed that intracellular deposition ofα-synuclein and/or tau causes many neurodegenerative disorders,including Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s *** intense investigation,the normal physiological functions and roles ofα-synuclein and tau are still unclear,owing to the fact that mice with knockout of either of these proteins do not present apparent ***,the co-occurrence ofα-synuclein and tau aggregates was found in post-mortem brains with synucleinopathies and tauopathies,some of which share similarities in clinical ***,the direct interaction ofα-synuclein with tau is considered to promote the fibrillization of each of the proteins in vitro and in *** the other hand,our recent findings have revealed thatα-synuclein and tau are cooperatively involved in brain development in a stage-dependent *** findings indicate strong cross-talk between the two proteins in physiology and *** this review,we provide a summary of the recent findings on the functional roles ofα-synuclein and tau in the physiological conditions and pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.A deep understanding of the interplay betweenα-synuclein and tau in physiological and pathological conditions might provide novel targets for clinical diagnosis and therapeutic strategies to treat neurodegenerative diseases.

关键词： alpha-synuclein microtubule-associated protein neurodegenerative disease tau

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The brain network hub degeneration in Alzheimer's disease

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Biophysics Reports 2024年第4期10卷 213-229页

作者： Suhui Jin Jinhui Wang Yong He Institute for Brain Research and Rehabilitation Guangdong Key Laboratory of Mental Health and cognitive Science Center for Studies of Psychological Application South China Normal University IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research National Key Laboratory of cognitive neuroscience and Learning Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Connectomics Beijing Normal University

Alzheimer's disease(AD) has been conceptualized as a syndrome of brain network dysfunction. Recent imaging connectomics studies have provided unprecedented opportunities to map structural and functional brain networks in AD. By reviewing molecular, imaging, and computational modeling studies, we have shown that highly connected brain hubs are primarily distributed in the medial and lateral prefrontal, parietal, and temporal regions in healthy individuals and that the hubs are selectively and severely affected in AD as manifested by increased amyloid-beta deposition and regional atrophy,hypo-metabolism, and connectivity dysfunction. Furthermore, AD-related hub degeneration depends on the imaging modality with the most notable degeneration in the medial temporal hubs for morphological covariance networks, the prefrontal hubs for structural white matter networks, and in the medial parietal hubs for functional networks. Finally, the AD-related hub degeneration shows metabolic,molecular, and genetic correlates. Collectively, we conclude that the brain-network-hub-degeneration framework is promising to elucidate the biological mechanisms of network dysfunction in AD, which provides valuable information on potential diagnostic biomarkers and promising therapeutic targets for the disease.

关键词： Connectomics Centrality Modularity Graph theory MRI Dementia

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Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation:anti-inflammatory effects in the brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1671-1677页

作者： Yolanda Diz-Chaves Zainab Maastor Carlos Spuch José Antonio Lamas Lucas C.González-Matías Federico Mallo Biomedical Research Centre(CINBIO) Laboratory of EndocrinologyUniversity of VigoGalicia Sur Health Research InstituteVigoSpain Translational neuroscience Research group Galicia Sur Health Research InstituteCIBERSAMHospitalÁlvaro CunqueiroSala InvestigaciónEstrada Clara CampoamorVigoSpain Biomedical Research Centre(CINBIO) Laboratory of NeuroscienceUniversity of VigoGalicia Sur Health Research InstituteVigoSpain

The glucagon-like peptide 1 is a pleiotropic hormone that has potent insulinotropic effects and is key in treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes and ***-like peptide 1 exerts its effects by activating a membrane receptor identified in many tissues,including diffe rent brain ***-like peptide 1 activates several signaling pathways related to neuroprotection,like the support of cell growth/survival,enhancement promotion of synapse formation,autophagy,and inhibition of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines,microglial activation,and apoptosis during neural *** glial cells,including astrocytes and microglia,maintain metabolic homeostasis and defe nse against pathogens in the central nervous *** brain insult,microglia are the first cells to respond,followed by reactive *** activated cells produce proinflammato ry mediators like cytokines or chemokines to react to the ***,under these circumstances,mic roglia can become chro nically inflammatory by losing their homeostatic molecular signature and,consequently,their functions during many *** processes promote the development of neurological disorders and influence their pathological evolution:like the formation of protein aggregates,the accumulation of abnormally modified cellular constituents,the formation and release by injured neurons or synapses of molecules that can dampen neural function,and,of critical impo rtance,the dysregulation of inflammato ry control *** glucagonlike peptide 1 receptor agonist emerges as a critical tool in treating brain-related inflammatory pathologies,restoring brain cell homeostasis under inflammatory conditions,modulating mic roglia activity,and decreasing the inflammato ry *** review summarizes recent advances linked to the anti-inflammato ry prope rties of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation in the brain related to multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkins

关键词： astrocytes brain glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor inflammation microglia

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Potential role of hippocampal neurogenesis in spinal cord injury induced post-trauma depression

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第10期19卷 2144-2156页

作者： Ying Ma Yue Qiao Xiang Gao Spinal Cord and Brain Injury Research group Stark Neuroscience Research InstituteIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neurological Surgery Indiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisINUSA Department of Neurology Shengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning ProvinceChina

It has been reported both in clinic and rodent models that beyond spinal cord injury directly induced symptoms, such as paralysis, neuropathic pain, bladder/bowel dysfunction, and loss of sexual function, there are a variety of secondary complications, including memory loss, cognitive decline, depression, and Alzheimer's disease. The largescale longitudinal population-based studies indicate that post-trauma depression is highly prevalent in spinal cord injury patients. Yet, few basic studies have been conducted to address the potential molecular mechanisms. One of possible factors underlying the depression is the reduction of adult hippocampal neurogenesis which may come from less physical activity, social isolation, chronic pain, and elevated neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury. However, there is no clear consensus yet. In this review, we will first summarize the alteration of hippocampal neurogenesis post-spinal cord injury. Then, we will discuss possible mechanisms underlie this important spinal cord injury consequence. Finally, we will outline the potential therapeutic options aimed at enhancing hippocampal neurogenesis to ameliorate depression.

关键词： antidepressants chronic pain depression exercise hippocampal neurogenesis inflammation inhibition neuroinflammation physical activity deficits social isolation spinal cord injury

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TRP Channels in Stroke

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neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第8期40卷 1141-1159页

作者： Pengyu Zong Cindy XLi Jianlin Feng Mara Cicchetti Lixia Yue Department of Cell Biology Calhoun Cardiology CenterSchool of Medicine(UConn Health)University of ConnecticutFarmingtonCT 06030USA Institute for the Brain and cognitive Sciences University of Connecticut337 Mansfield RoadUnit 1272StorrsCT 06269USA Present Address:Department of neuroscience University of Pittsburgh4200 Fifth AvePittsburghPA 15260USA

Ischemic stroke is a devastating disease that affects millions of patients ***,there are no effective medications for mitigating brain injury after ischemic *** channels are evolutionally ancient biosensors that detect external stimuli as well as tissue or cellular *** date,many members of the TRP superfamily have been reported to contribute to ischemic brain injury,including the TRPC subfamily(1,3,4,5,6,7),TRPV subfamily(1,2,3,4)and TRPM subfamily(2,4,7).These TRP channels share structural similarities but have distinct channel functions and *** activation during ischemic stroke can be beneficial,detrimental,or even *** this review,we focus on discussing the interesting features of stroke-related TRP channels and summarizing the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for their involvement in ischemic brain injury.

关键词： Stroke TRP channels-Neuronal death Immune cell infiltration Blood-brain barrier Glial activation

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