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Leveraging Nanotechnology for Addressing COVID-19: Revealing Antiviral Approaches and Hurdles

World Journal of Nano Science and Engineering 2024年第1期14卷 1-14页

作者： Mehrnaz Mostafavi Mahtab Shabani Department of Physics Faculty of Allied Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Internal Medicine Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran

The emergence of COVID-19 has caused extensive harm and is recognized as a significant threat to human life worldwide. Currently, the application of nanomedicine techniques in pre-clinical studies related to various infections, such as respiratory viruses, herpes viruses, human papillomavirus, and HIV, has demonstrated success. Nanoparticles, due to their specific attributes, have garnered considerable attention in combating COVID-19. Strategies employing nanomaterials for COVID-19 prevention encompass the development of rapid, precise diagnostic tools, the creation of effective disinfectants, the delivery of mRNA vaccines to the biological system, and the administration of antiretroviral medications within the body. This article focuses on recent research regarding the effectiveness of nano platforms as antiviral measures against coronaviruses. It delves into the molecular characteristics of coronaviruses and the affected target systems, highlighting challenges and limitations in combating SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, it explores potential nanotechnology-based treatments to confront current and future variants of coronaviruses associated with COVID-19 infections.

关键词： COVID-19 Coronavirus Nanomaterials Nano-Based Vaccine SARS-CoV-2

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BMI-Adjusted Tube Current in Chest CT and Comparison of Lifetime Attributable Risk (LAR) of Breast Cancer in Two Different BMI-Based Protocols

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第3期11卷 115-125页

作者： Amin Shams Akhtari Babak Heidariaghdam Faeze Vahid Alireza Oloumi Latif Gachkar Mehrdad Taghizadeh Seyedeh Hedieh Mousavipaak clinical research development unit of loghman hakim hospital Tehran Iran Emergency Department of Hervey Bay hospital Queensland Australia Jam hospital Tehran Iran Independent researcher Tehran Iran loghman hakim hospital Tehran Iran Department of Basic Sciences Islamic Azad University Tehran Medical Branch

Possible strategies to reduce radiation dose during CT scanning have been investigated over recent decades;here the optimization of the tube current and its link with patient’s cancer incidence are being evaluated. 154 consecutive trauma patients with the need for chest CT scan were included. Two different BMI-adjusted CT protocols at a fixed voltage tube and the same scan length were applied. Dose estimation parameters like CT dose index (CTDI), dose length product (DLP) and effective breast dose were calculated. Breast surface dose was obtained by using thermoluminescence dosimeters (TLDs) and eventually, the life attributable risk (LAR) of cancer incidence was estimated. The mean effective dose was 4.87 ± 2.3 mSv and 5.12 ± 2.8 mSv for patients who were scanned with tube currents of 120 mAs and 200 mAs, respectively. There was no significant difference between organ surface doses for females but in males it was notable. The risk of cancer incidence is lower for protocol 1 in comparison with protocol 2. Optimizing tube current of 120 mAs reduced breast surface dose up to 50% in comparison with the tube current of 200 mAs. In trauma patients, using lower tube current based on BMI has notable impact on the absorbed dose in the breast and can reduce the breast cancer risk by nearly 33.6% for women.

关键词： Radiation Dose Trauma Patients Cancer Risk

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Comparison of the Use of Conventional and Antibiotic-Coated Tracheal Tubes and EVAC on the Incidence of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP)

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Open Journal of Emergency Medicine 2023年第3期11卷 45-56页

作者： Mehrdad Taghizadeh Amin Shams Akhtari Babak Heidariaghdam Seyedeh Hedieh Mousavipak Siamak Moghadamzadeh Mohammad Reza Haji Esmaili Faeze Vahid Department of Emergency Medicine Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran clinical research development unit of loghman hakim hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Emergency Department of Hervey Bay hospital Queensland Hervey Bay Australia Department of Cardiology Jam Hospital Tehran Iran Department of Basic Sciences Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Anesthesia Loghman Hakim Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Independent researcher Tehran Iran

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the most important hospital infections in hospitalized patients, which is associated with increased mortality and patient costs. The tracheal tube itself seems to be a major risk factor for VAP. Contaminated secretions pass through the endotracheal tube and reach the lungs. Also, bacteria form a bacterial biofilm on the tracheal tube and are transferred from there to the lungs. Different tracheal tube designs have been produced to overcome these cases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of an Evac tracheal tube covered with antibiotics and normal on the incidence of pneumonia caused by the ventilator. research method: 180 patients were randomly intubated in three groups of 60 people with three types of tracheal tubes, Evac and Bactiguard. clinical examinations, endotracheal tube aspiration culture, and chest radiography were obtained from the patients and the incidence of VAP was calculated based on the CPIS standard. The relationship between the type of endotracheal tube and the incidence of VAP and the length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) and being discharged alive from the ICU were investigated. Findings and conclusions: The average incidence of VAP for the group of patients intubated with a conventional tracheal tube was 50%, EVAC was 45% and Bactiguard was 40%. The results showed that there is no significant relationship between the incidence of ventilator-induced pneumonia and the type of tracheal tube. The incidence of ventilator-induced pneumonia was not significantly reduced by suctioning subglottic secretions and Bactiguard tracheal tubes. It seems that using one method alone is not effective in reducing ventilator-induced pneumonia.

关键词： Intensive Care unit Pneumonia Suction Ventilator

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Prognostic value of cortisol and thyroid function tests in poisoned patients admitted to toxicology ICU

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第1期9卷 51-55页

作者： Shahin Shadnia Nasim Zamani Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam Hamed Shafaroodi Mina Padandar Mohammad Hasan Rezaeizadeh Toxicological research Center Department of Clinical ToxicologyLoghman Hakim HospitalShahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Excellence Center of clinical Toxicology Iranian Ministry of Health Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch Islamic Azad University(IAUPS)

BACKGROUND: Prognostic value of cortisol and thyroid function tests(TFTs) has previously been evaluated in medical ICUs. We aimed to evaluate prognostic efficacy of cortisol and TFTs in critically ill poisoned patients admitted to toxicology intensive care unit(ICU).METHODS: In a prospective study of consecutively enrolled subjects admitted to the toxicology ICU, lab analyses included TFTs(total T3 and T4 as well as TSH) and cortisol levels drawn between 8 am–10 am during period of the first 24 hours post-ingestion/exposure. Simplified Acute Physiology Score Ⅱ(SAPS Ⅱ) and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ(APACHE Ⅱ) were recorded. All scores were compared to detect the best prognostic factor. Type of poisoning was also ***: In 200 patients evaluated, 129 were male and mean age was 31 years. In general, SAPS Ⅱ, T4, and cortisol could prognosticate death. After regression analysis, only cortisol had such efficacy(P=0.04; OR=1.06; 95%CI=1.05–1.08; cut-off=42 μg/d L; sensitivity=70%; specificity=82%). Between aluminium phosphide(ALP)-and non ALP-poisoned patients, level of consciousness, mean arterial pressure, and cortisol level could prognosticate death in ALP poisoning(all Psclinical condition or may be due to their significantly lower blood pressures.

关键词： Prognosis Intensive care unit Cortisol Thyroid function tests Poisoning

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Trend of blood lactate level in acute aluminum phosphide poisoning

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第2期8卷 116-120页

作者： Peyman Erfantalab Kambiz Soltaninejad Shahin Shadnia Nasim Zamani Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam Arezou Mahdavinejad Behrooz Hashemi Damaneh Toxicological research Center Excellent Center of Clinical ToxicologyDepartment of Clinical ToxicologyLoghman Hakim HospitalSchool of MedicineShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesTehranIran Department of Forensic Toxicology Legal Medicine Research CenterLegal Medicine OrganizationTehranIran

BACKGROUND: Aluminum phosphide(Al P) poisoning is common in the developing countries. There is no specifi c antidote for the treatment of acute Al P poisoning. Early diagnosis of poisoning and outcome predictors may facilitate treatment decisions. The objective of this study was to determine the trend of blood lactate level in acute Al P poisoning to evaluate its role as a prognostic ***: This was a prospective study on acute Al P intoxicated patients during one year. Demographic data, clinical and laboratory data on admission, and outcome were recorded in a selfmade questionnaire. Blood lactate levels were analyzed every two hours for 24 ***: Thirty-nine(27 male, 12 female) patients were included in the study. The mortality rate was 38.5%. The mean blood pressure, pulse rate, blood p H and serum bicarbonate level were significantly different between the survivors and non-survivors groups. Blood lactate level was signifi cantly higher in the non-survivors group during 8 to 16 hours post ***: Blood lactate level could be used as an index of severity of acute Al P poisoning.

关键词： Aluminum phosphide Poisoning Blood lactate Prognostic factor

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Paraben Content in Adjacent Normal-malignant Breast Tissues from Women with Breast Cancer

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2019年第12期32卷 893-904页

作者： Mohammad Mehdi Amin Maryam Tabatabaeian Afsane Chavoshani Elham Amjadi Majid Hashemi Karim Ebrahimpour Roya Klishadi Sedigheh Khazaei Maijan Mansourian Environment research Center Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran Department of Environmental Health Engineering School of HealthIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran Breast Surgeon Board certificate in general surgery in Anahid ClinicIsfahanIran Student research Committee Isfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran Anatomical clinical Pathologist Poursina Hakim Digestive Diseases Research CenterIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran Environmental Health Engineering School of Public HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran Environmental Health Engineering research Center Kerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran Child Growth and development research Cen ter Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-Communicable DiseaseIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran Microbiologist Molecular Pathology Research CenterImam Reza HospitalKermanshah University of Medical SciencesKermanshahIran Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology School of HealthIsfahan University of Medical SciencesIsfahanIran

Objective Accumulation of estrogenic compounds and other carcinogens in normal breast tissues contributes to unpredictable breast cancer incidence during adolescence and throughout *** assess the role of parabens in this phenomenon,the paraben content of adjacent normal-malignant breast tissues is measured in women with breast cancer living in Isfahan Province,*** Adjacent normal-malignant breast tissue samples were obtained from 53 *** parabens including methyl-paraben(Me PB),ethyl-paraben(Et PB),propyl-paraben(Pr PB),and butylparaben(Bu PB)were extracted from the sample supernatant and then subjected to gas chromatography *** Some risk factors for breast cancer were stimulated by parabens in adjacent malignant-normal breast tissues among young and middle-aged women with breast *** observed a significant association for dose-response pattern of Me PB[OR=98.34(11.43–185.2),P=0.027]for both ER+and PR+women and Me PB[OR=164.3(CI:112.3–216.3),P<0.001]for HER2+women than women with negative *** risk of 95-fold increase in Me PB dose and 164-fold increase in∑PBs dose were significant for women with hereditary breast cancer in first-degree *** These results may promote future epidemiology studies and strategies to improve women's lifestyle and consume paraben-free products.

关键词： Paraben Breast cancer Malignant tissues Normal tissues Demography Risk factors

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