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Evaluation of Serum Soluble CD27 and CXCL10 Levels in Patients With Vitiligo:A Cross-Sectional Study

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International Journal of dermatology and venereology 2024年第2期7卷 89-93页

作者： Marwa A.Aboelmagd Hanan A.Assaf Mohammed H.Hassan Hanan A.Abdelmegeed Ashraf Abdelwahab department of dermatology Venereology and AndrologyFaculty of MedicineSohag UniversitySohag 82524Egypt department of Medical Biochemistry Faculty of MedicineSouth Valley UniversityQena 83523Egypt department of dermatology Sohag Hospital for Mental HealthSohag 82524Egypt

Objective:Vitiligo is a relatively common skin disfiguring disorder that exhibits a fluctuating course between activity and stability,making monitoring and management *** plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of *** autoimmune disorders have been associated with both CD27 and chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand 10(CXCL10).However,trials evaluating their role in vitiligo are lacking in the Egyptian *** evaluated the circulating levels of these 2 biomarkers in patients with vitiligo and the possible correlation between their levels and disease ***:This cross-sectional study included 70 patients with vitiligo and 20 healthy *** patients were clinically assessed and then divided into active and stable groups according to clinical signs of activity and Vitiligo Disease Activity *** levels of CD27 and CXCL10 in the serum were assessed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in both the patients and the controls,then the Mann-Whitney U and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the difference between the ***:Active and stable vitiligo patients have significantly higher median serum CXCL10(385.9 and 245.2 pg/mL)and CD27(61.6 and 66.5 ng/mL)levels compared to the controls(193 pg/mL and 52.5 ng/mL,respectively,all P<0.05).In vitiligo cases,although CXCL10 levels significantly increased with disease activity(P<0.001),CD27 levels were comparable between the 2 subgroups(P=0.953).CXCL10 positively correlated with disease activity(r=0.887,P<0.001).CXCL10 had a higher sensitivity and a lower specificity(95.7%and 60.0%,respectively)compared to CD27(71.4%and 75%,respectively)for differentiating cases from ***:There is a possibility that CXCL10 and CD27 are involved in the development and course of vitiligo.

关键词： vitiligo disease activity chemokine(C-X-C motif)ligand 10 CD27

clinical characteristics and outcomes of psoriasis patients with COVID-19: A retrospective, multicenter cohort study in China

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中华医学杂志(英文版) 2024年第14期137卷 1736-1743页

作者： Liu Yanhua Xu Zhongrui Zhou Jian Chen Aijun Zhang Junling Kang Xiaojing Jiang Xian Lyu Chengzhi Shi Chunrui Shi Yuling Liu Xiaoming Li Fuqiu Yang Bin Huang Yongmei Yu Chen Wang Gang department of dermatology Xijing Hospital Fourth Military Medical University Xi’an Shaanxi China department of dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University Chongqing China department of dermatology Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital Tianjin China department of dermatology and venereology People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Urumqi Xinjiang China department of dermatology West China Hospital Sichuan University Chengdu Sichuan China department of Psoriasis Dalian Dermatosis Hospital Dalian Liaoning China department of dermatology The First Hospital of Lanzhou University Lanzhou Gansu China Skin Disease Hospital of Tongji University Shanghai China department of dermatology The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital Shenzhen Guangdong China department of dermatology The Second Hospital of Jilin University Changchun Jilin China department of dermatology Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou Guangdong China department of dermatology Xining First People’s Hospital Xining Qinghai China

Background: Limited information exists regarding the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on psoriasis patients. The objective of this study was to identify clinical factors associated with the prognosis of psoriasis following SARS-CoV-2 ***: A retrospective, multicenter study was conducted between March and May 2023. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related psoriasis outcomes. The study included 2371 psoriasis patients from 12 clinical centers, with 2049 of them having been infected with ***: Among the infected groups, lower exacerbation rates were observed in individuals treated with biologics compared to those receiving traditional systemic or nonsystemic treatments (22.3% [236/1058]vs. 39.8% [92/231]vs. 37.5% [140/373],P <0.001). Psoriasis progression with lesions (adjusted odds ratio [OR] = 8.197, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 5.685–11.820, compared to no lesions), hypertension (adjusted OR = 1.582, 95% CI = 1.068–2.343), traditional systemic (adjusted OR = 1.887, 95% CI= 1.263–2.818), and nonsystemic treatment (adjusted OR= 1.602, 95% CI= 1.117–2.297) were found to be associated with exacerbation of psoriasis after SARS-CoV-2 infection, but not biologics (adjusted OR = 0.931, 95% CI = 0.680–1.274, compared to no treatment), according to multivariable logistic regression ***: A reduced risk of psoriasis exacerbation after SARS-CoV-2 infection was observed with biologics compared to traditional systemic and nonsystemic treatments. Significant risk factors for exacerbation after infection were identified as existing psoriatic lesions and hypertension.

关键词： COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Psoriasis Treatment Biologics

Tildrakizumab for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in Chinese patients:A 12-week randomized placebo-controlled phase III trial with long-term extension

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第10期137卷 1190-1198页

作者： Chen Yu Songmei Geng Bin Yang Yunhua Deng Fuqiu Li Xiaojing Kang Mingye Bi Furen Zhang Yi Zhao Weili Pan Zhongwei Tian Jinhua Xu Zhenghua Zhang Nan Yu Xinsuo Duan Shuping Guo Qing Sun Weiquan Li Juan Tao Zhijun Liu Yuanyuan Yin Gang Wang department of dermatology Xijing HospitalThe Fourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710032China department of dermatology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710004China department of dermatology Dermatology Hospital of Southern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510091China department of dermatology Tongji HospitalHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei 430030China department of dermatology The Second Hospital of Jilin UniversityChangchunJilin 130041China department of dermatology People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous RegionUrumqiXinjiang 830001China department of dermatology Wuxi People’s Hospital of Wuxi CityWuxiJiangsu 214023China department of dermatology Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases&Shandong Provincial Institute of Dermatology and VenereologyShandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandong 250022China department of dermatology Beijing Tsinghua Changgung HospitalBeijing 102218China department of dermatology Zhejiang Provincial People’s HospitalHangzhouZhejiang 310014China department of dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical CollegeXinxiangHenan 453100China department of dermatology Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghai 200040China department of dermatology General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityYinchuanNingxia 750000China department of dermatology Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical UniversityChengdeHebei 067000China department of dermatology The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuanShanxi 030001China department of dermatology Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinanShandong 250012China department of dermatology Yuebei People’s HospitalShaoguanGuangdong 512026China department of dermatology Union Hospital Tongji Medical Collage Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanHubei 430022China department of dermatology and Venereal Diseases The First Affiliated Hospit

Background:There is a need for effective and safe therapies for psoriasis that provide sustained *** aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of tildrakizumab,an anti-interleukin-23p19 monoclonal antibody,for treating moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis in Chinese ***:In this multi-center,double-blind,phase III trial,patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis were enrolled and randomly assigned(1:1)to receive subcutaneous tildrakizumab 100 mg or placebo at weeks 0 and *** initially assigned to placebo were switched to receive tildrakizumab at weeks 12,16,and every 12 weeks *** in the tildrakizumab group continued with tildrakizumab at week 16,and every 12 weeks until week *** primary endpoint was the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index(PASI 75)response rate at week ***:At week 12,tildrakizumab demonstrated significantly higher PASI 75 response rates(66.4%[73/110]vs.12.7%[14/110];difference,51.4%[95%confidence interval(CI),40.72,62.13];P<0.001)and Physician’s Global Assessment(60.9%[67/110]vs.10.0%[11/110];difference,49.1%[95%CI,38.64,59.62];P<0.001)compared to *** 75 response continued to improve over time in both tildrakizumab and placebo-switching to tildrakizumab groups,reaching maximal efficacy after 28 weeks(86.8%[92/106]vs.82.4%[89/108])and maintained up to 52 weeks(91.3%[95/104]vs.87.4%[90/103]).Most treatment-emergent adverse events were mild and not related to ***:Tildrakizumab demonstrated durable efficacy through week 52 and was well tolerated in Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe plaque *** registration:***,NCT05108766.

关键词： Tildrakizumab Interleukin 23 Plaque psoriasis Chinese Randomized controlled trial

Impact of carbimazole combined with vitamin E on testicular injury induced by experimental hyperthyroidism in adult albino rats:oxidative/inflammatory/apoptotic pathways

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2024年第4期26卷 396-401页

作者： Ramadan S Hussein Moustafa M Eyada Rashad M Mostafa Samah M Elaidy Shereen H Elsayed Hany M Saad department of dermatology College of Medicine Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-Kharj 16242Saudi Arabia department of dermatology Andrology and STDsAssiut Police HospitalAssiut 71525Egypt department of dermatology Venereology and AndrologyFaculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41522Egypt department of Andrology and Sexology Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41511Egypt department of clinical Pharmacology Faculty of MedicineSuez Canal UniversityIsmailia 41511Egypt department of Rehabilitation Sciences Faculty of Health and Rehabilitation SciencesPrincess Nourah bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh 12271Saudi Arabia.

Thyroid hormones play essential roles in spermatogenesis,but their effects on infertile males remain poorly *** study aimed to evaluate the impact of combining carbimazole(CBZ)with vitamin E(VE)on testicular injury induced by experimental hyperthyroidism in adult albino rats,focusing on oxidative,inflammatory,and apoptotic *** this experimental study,64 adult male albino Wistar rats were divided into eight groups:Group I(control-untreated),Group II(CBZ-control),Group III(VE-control),Group IV(CBZ+VE-control),Group V(levothyroxine-induced testicular injury),Group VI(levothyroxine+CBZ-treated),Group VII(levothyroxine+VE-treated),and Group VIII(levothyroxine+CBZ+VE-treated).The study was conducted in the Faculty of Medicine,Suez Canal University(Ismailia,Egypt).After cervical decapitation,both testes and epididymis were examined histopathologically and *** differences were observed among groups concerning malondialdehyde(MDA),glutathione(GSH),superoxide dismutase(SOD),and catalase(CAT;all P<0.001).Polymerase chain reaction analysis showed significant differences in tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin-10(IL-10),Bcl-2-associated X protein(BAX),B-cell lymphoma 2 protein(Bcl2),p53,Caspase-3,Caspase-8,Caspase-9,and nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)mRNA levels(all P<0.001).Hyperthyroid group treated with CBZ alone(Group VI)exhibited testicular side effects,affecting seminiferous tubules and ***,the Group VIII showed improved spermatogenesis and a decrease in testicular side *** addition of VE to the treatment of hyperthyroid rats with CBZ reduced testicular side effects and seminiferous tubular affection when potentially improving *** research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms fully.

关键词： antithyroid drugs testicular injury thyroid gland vitamin E

Blue Cap Is Effective and Safe for the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis in Children

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 609-622页

作者： Mirjana Gajić-Veljić Biljana Marenović Margita Mijušković Vesna Reljić Danica Tiodorović Danijela Popović Sanja Zorić-Blagojević Milica Vučinić David Marquez-Soriano Jovan Lalošević University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine Department of Dermatology and Venereology University Clinical Center of Serbia Beograd Serbia University of Niš Faculty of Medicine Department of Dermatology and Venereology University Clinical Center of Ni&#353 Ni&#353 Serbia City Institute for Skin and Venereal Diseases Beograd Serbia Scientific department Catalysis S.L. Madrid Spain

Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common inflammatory skin disease in children. Treatment of AD is based on skin barrier repair and reduction of inflammation. We analyzed the efficacy and safety of activated piroctone olamine (APO)—Blue Cap—in children with AD. Materials and Methods: An open-label interventional clinical study was carried out at three clinical centers in Serbia. A total of 58 patients with AD, aged between 3 and 18 years were included and treated with Blue Cap Foam (100 ml;CATALYSIS S.L. Madrid)—Activated Piroctone Olamine—applied twice a day in the affected areas with eczema for 30 days and final assessment at 45 days from baseline. Photographic documentation, clinical evaluation, therapy effectiveness and safety questionnaires were assessed at baseline, 15, 30 and 45 days. Results: Our results demonstrated a significant reduction in signs (erythema, scaling, infiltration, excoriations, xerosis) and symptoms (pruritus) at weeks 2 and 4 of the study. At the end of the study, most patients had moderate (28.6%) to great (62.5%) disappearance of manifestations and moderate (25%) to great (71.4%) skin quality improvement. The effect and tolerability of the therapy were evaluated as very good in 66.1 % and 67.9% and good in about 14.3% and 17.9%, assessed by the investigator and patient, respectively. Three patients experienced a burning sensation at the beginning of the study, the side-effects were resolved as the patients continued applying the foam. After two weeks of cessation of the investigated foam, a significant percentage of patients experienced worsening in the final assessment done by the investigator as well as the participant. In the final assessment, a significantly high percentage (57.1%) of patients had a total reduction of manifestation, and a significant number of participants considered the applied product as treatment success, assessed by the investigator (62.5%) as well as the participants (66.4%). Conclusions: Blue Cap

关键词： Pediatric dermatology Atopic Dermatitis Piroctone Olamine Skin Care

Efficacy and safety of CM310 in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis:A multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled phase 2b trial

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第2期137卷 200-208页

作者： Yan Zhao Jianzhong Zhang Bin Yang Jingyi Li Yangfeng Ding Liming Wu Litao Zhang Jinyan Wang Xiaohong Zhu Furen Zhang Xiaohua Tao Yumei Li Chunlei Zhang Linfeng Li Jianyun Lu Qingchun Diao Qianjin Lu Xiaoyong Man Fuqiu Li Xiujuan Xia Hao Cheng Yingmin Jia Guoqing Zhao Jinchun Yan Bo Chen department of dermatology Peking University People’s HospitalBeijing 100044China department of dermatology Dermatology HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdong 510091China department of dermatology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China department of dermatology Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalInstitute of PsoriasisTongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200443China department of dermatology Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310006China department of dermatology Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated HospitalTianjin 300120China department of dermatology Ningbo No.2 HospitalNingboZhejiang 315010China department of dermatology The Wuxi Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityWuxiJiangsu 214002China Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases&Shandong Provincial Institute of dermatology and Veneorology Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandong 250022China Center for Plastic&Reconstructive Surgery Department of DermatologyZhejiang Provincial People’s Hospital(Affiliated People’s HospitalHangzhou Medical College)HangzhouZhejiang 310014China department of dermatology Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu UniversityZhenjiangJiangsu 212001China department of dermatology Peking University Third HospitalBeijing 100191China department of dermatology Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China department of dermatology The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410013China department of dermatology Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine HospitalChongqing 400011China Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Epigenomics Department of DermatologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410011China department of dermatology The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310009China Departme

Background:Atopic dermatitis(AD)affects approximately 10%of adults ***310 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 receptor alpha that blocks interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 *** trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CM310 in Chinese adults with moderate-to-severe ***:This multicenter,randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,phase 2b trial was conducted in 21 medical institutions in China from February to November *** 120 eligible patients were enrolled and randomized(1:1:1)to receive subcutaneous injections of 300 mg CM310,150 mg CM310,or placebo every 2 weeks for 16 weeks,followed by an 8-week follow-up *** primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving≥75%improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index(EASI-75)score from baseline at week *** and pharmacodynamics were also ***:At week 16,the proportion of EASI-75 responders from baseline was significantly higher in the CM310 groups(70%[28/40]for high-dose and 65%[26/40]for low-dose)than that in the placebo group(20%[8/40]).The differences in EASI-75 response rate were 50%(high ***,95%CI 31%-69%)and 45%(low ***,95%CI 26%-64%),with both P valuesdermatology Life Quality Index compared with ***310 treatment reduced levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine,total immunoglobulin E,lactate dehydrogenase,and blood *** incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events(TEAEs)was similar among all three groups,with the most common TEAEs reported being upper respiratory tract infection,atopic dermatitis,hyperlipidemia,and *** severe adverse events were deemed to be attributed to ***:CM310 at 150 mg and 300 mg every 2 weeks demonstrated significant efficacy and was well-tol

关键词： CM310 Moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis Interleukin-4 receptor alpha Adults

Bone tissue engineering scaffold materials: Fundamentals, advances, and challenges

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第2期35卷 176-186页

作者： Chang Xu Zhize Liu Xi Chen Yang Gao Wenjun Wang Xijing Zhuang Hao Zhang Xufeng Dong department of Cardiovascular Surgery Central Hospital of Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116089China School of Materials Science and Engineering Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116024China department of Orthopaedics Central Hospital of Dalian University of TechnologyDalian 116089China department of dermatology Allergologyand VenereologyUniversity of LübeckLübeck 23562Germany

Bone damage caused by trauma and tumors is a serious problem for human health, therefore, three-dimensional (3D) scaffolding materials that stimulate and promote the regeneration of broken bone tissues have become the focus of current research in the field of bone damage *** this regard, a preferential combination of materials and preparation techniques is considered crucial for the preparation of advanced bone tissue engineering scaffolds to better facilitate the regeneration of broken *** this review, current research advances and challenges in bone tissue engineering scaffolds are discussed and analyzed in ***, we elucidated the structure and self-healing mechanism of bone ***, the main applications of different materials, including inorganic and organic materials, in bone tissue engineering scaffolds are ***, we overview the latest research progress of the mainstream preparation strategies of bone tissue engineering scaffolds, and provide an in-depth analysis of the different advantages of each ***, promising future directions and challenges of bone tissue engineering scaffolds are systematically discussed.

关键词： Biomaterials Bone defects Tissue engineering Scaffolds Osteogenesis

Chinese expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of balanoposthitis

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第13期137卷 1519-1521页

作者： Li Zhang Amer A.A.Abdulrahman Hao Guo Jia’an Zhang Xinghua Gao Weihua Pan Gang Wang Jinhua Xu Yuling Shi Liuqing Chen Hongxiang Chen Songmei Geng Yuping Ran Hongwei Wang Xiaoyong Man Jianmin Chang Furen Zhang Litao Zhang Guangwen Yin Jianzhong Zhang Wei Lai Zhibin Niu Hongkun Jiang Haibo Liu Yaolong Chen Jianjian Wang department of dermatology The First Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangLiaoning 110001China Key Laboratory of Immunodermatology Ministry of Education and NHCNational Joint Engineering Research Center for Theranostics of Immunological Skin DiseasesShenyangLiaoning 110001China department of dermatology Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical CollegeNanjingJiangsu 210042China department of dermatology Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical UniversityShanghai 200003China department of dermatology Xijing HospitalFourth Military Medical UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710032China department of dermatology Huashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China department of dermatology Shanghai Skin Disease HospitalTongji University School of MedicineShanghai 200443China department of dermatology Wuhan No.1 HospitalWuhanHubei 430022China department of dermatology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenGuangdong 518052China department of dermatology Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’anShaanxi 710004China department of Dermatovenereology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuan 610041China department of dermatology Huadong HospitalFudan UniversityShanghai 200040China department of dermatology Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhouZhejiang 310009China department of dermatology Beijing HospitalBeijing 100730China Shandong Provincial Hospital for Skin Diseases&Shandong Provincial Institute of dermatology and venereology Shandong First Medical University&Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinanShandong 250061China department of dermatology Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated HospitalTianjin 300120China department of dermatology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan 450052China department of dermatology Peking University People’s HospitalBeijing 100044 China department of dermatology Third Affi

Balanoposthitis(BP),a common male genitalia inflammation,is managed by clinicians from different specialties,including urology,pediatrics,dermatology,and *** to this diverse array of clinicians involved,there exists a lack of consistent,evidence-based recommendations for *** development of the consensus engaged 19 representative hospitals and it adhered to rigorous protocols,encompassing international registration(IPGRP-2021CN003)and the application of evidence grading criteria and recommendation standards[Appendix S1,Supplementary File,http://***/CM9/C42].Over the period from December 2020 to October 2022,consensus on 12 clinical issues was reached through comprehensive evidence searches and two iterations of Delphi surveys[Supplementary File,http://***/CM9/C42].

关键词： Delphi diagnosis rigorous

Expanding the horizons of targeted protein degradation:A non-small molecule perspective

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第6期14卷 2402-2427页

作者： Xiaowei Huang Fengbo Wu Jing Ye Lian Wang Xiaoyun Wang Xiang Li Gu He department of Pharmacy and department of dermatology&Venerology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China department of Urology West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China Laboratory of dermatology Clinical Institute of Inflammation and ImmunologyFrontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengdu 610041China

Targeted protein degradation(TPD)represented by proteolysis targeting chimeras(PROTACs)marks a significant stride in drug discovery.A plethora of innovative technologies inspired by PROTAC have not only revolutionized the landscape of TPD but have the potential to unlock functionalities beyond ***-small-molecule-based approaches play an irreplaceable role in this field.A wide variety of agents spanning a broad chemical spectrum,including peptides,nucleic acids,antibodies,and even vaccines,which not only prove instrumental in overcoming the constraints of conventional small molecule entities but also provided rapidly renewing *** we summarize the burgeoning non-small molecule technological platforms inspired by PROTACs,including three major trajectories,to provide insights for the design strategies based on novel paradigms.

关键词： Targeted protein degradation Proteolysis targeting chimera Endocytosis Autophagy Proximity-inducing modality Post-translational modification