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Herpes simplex keratitis:A brief clinical overview

World Journal of Virology 2024年第1期13卷 5-32页

作者： Mutali Musa Ehimare Enaholo Gladness Aluyi-Osa George Nnamdi Atuanya Leopoldo Spadea Carlo Salati Marco Zeppieri Department of Optometry University of BeninBenin 300283Nigeria Department of ophthalmology Africa Eye Laser CentreKm 7Benin 300105Nigeria Department of ophthalmology Centre for Sight AfricaNkpor 434101Nigeria Eye clinic Policlinico Umberto I"Sapienza"University of RomeRome 00142Italy of ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy

The aim of our minireview is to provide a brief overview of the diagnosis,clinical aspects,treatment options,management,and current literature available regarding herpes simplex keratitis(HSK).This type of corneal viral infection is caused by the herpes simplex virus(HSV),which can affect several tissues,including the *** significant aspect of HSK is its potential to cause recurrent episodes of inflammation and damage to the *** the initial infection,the HSV can establish a latent infection in the trigeminal ganglion,a nerve cluster near the *** virus may remain dormant for extended *** reactivation of the virus can occur,leading to recurrent episodes of *** triggering reactivation include stress,illness,immunosuppression,or *** episodes can manifest in different clinical patterns,ranging from mild epithelial involvement to more severe stromal or endothelial *** severity and frequency of recurrences vary among *** cases of HSK,especially those involving the stroma and leading to scarring,can result in vision impairment or even blindness in extreme *** cornea's clarity is crucial for good vision,and scarring can compromise this,potentially leading to visual *** management of HSK involves not only treating acute episodes but also implementing long-term strategies to prevent recurrences and attempt repairs of corneal nerve endings via *** medications,such as oral Acyclovir or topical Ganciclovir,may be prescribed for *** immune response to the virus can contribute to corneal ***,caused by the body's attempt to control the infection,may inadvertently harm the corneal *** should be informed about triggers and advised on measures to minimize the risk of *** summary,the recurrent nature of HSK underscores the importance of both acute and long-term management strategies to preserve corneal health and maintai

关键词： Herpes simplex virus Herpes simplex keratitis Acyclovir Neurotization Reactivation

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Role of glioma stem cells in promoting tumor chemo- and radioresistance: A systematic review of potential targeted treatments

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2024年第5期16卷 604-614页

作者： Edoardo Agosti Marco Zeppieri Mattia Ghidoni Tamara Ius Alessandro Tel Marco Maria Fontanella Pier Paolo Panciani Division of Neurosurgery Department of Medical and Surgical SpecialtiesRadiological Sciences and Public HealthUniversity of BresciaBrescia 25123Italy Department of ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Neurosurgery Unit Department of Head-Neck and NeuroScienceUniversity Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery Department of Head-Neck and NeuroScienceUniversity Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy

BACKGROUND Gliomas pose a significant challenge to effective treatment despite advancements in chemotherapy and *** stem cells(GSCs),a subset within tumors,contribute to resistance,tumor heterogeneity,and *** studies reveal GSCs’role in therapeutic resistance,driven by DNA repair mechanisms and dynamic transitions between cellular *** mechanisms can involve different cellular pathways,most of which have been recently reported in the *** progress,targeted therapeutic approaches lack consensus due to GSCs’high *** To analyze targeted therapies against GSC-mediated resistance to radio-and chemotherapy in gliomas,focusing on underlying *** A systematic search was conducted across major medical databases(PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library)up to September 30,*** search strategy utilized relevant Medical Subject Heading terms and keywords related to including“glioma stem cells”,“radiotherapy”,“chemotherapy”,“resistance”,and“targeted therapies”.Studies included in this review were publications focusing on targeted therapies against the molecular mechanism of GSC-mediated re-sistance to radiotherapy resistance(RTR).RESULTS In a comprehensive review of 66 studies on stem cell therapies for SCI,452 papers were initially identified,with 203 chosen for full-text *** them,201 were deemed eligible after excluding 168 for various *** temporal breakdown of studies illustrates this trend:2005-2010(33.3%),2011-2015(36.4%),and 2016-2022(30.3%).Key GSC models,particularly U87(33.3%),U251(15.2%),and T98G(15.2%),emerge as significant in research,reflecting their representativeness of glioma *** analysis indicates a focus on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR)(27.3%)and Notch(12.1%)pathways,suggesting their crucial roles in resistance *** molecules with mTOR(18.2%),CHK1/2(15.2%),and ATP binding cassette

关键词： Glioma stem cells Chemoresistance Radioresistance Molecular pathways Targeted therapies Systematic review

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Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy without mitomycin-C for irregular astigmatism after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusisflap complications

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International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第6期17卷 1168-1170页

作者： Ning-Na Zhang Li-Ming Tao Jing Wang Department of ophthalmology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical UniversityHefei 230000Anhui ProvinceChina

Dear Editor,W e write to present a case report of transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy(TPRK)without mitomycin-C(MMC)for irregular astigmatism after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis(FS-LASIK)flap *** informed consent was obtained from the patient to allow the publication of this case and associated accompanying *** study was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki *** is a surgical procedure which uses an excimer laser to ablation of both the corneal epithelium and stroma,which is widely used in clinic[1-2].The procedure may be conducted in cases where there is notable topographic irregularity or scarring following complications with the LASIK *** haze is a potential complication following TPRK,and the use of MMC as a prophylactic agent against postoperative corneal haze has been demonstrated to significantly reduce its formation after TPRK/photorefractive keratectomy(PRK).

关键词： complications mitomycin epithelium

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Long-term results of clear lens extraction combined with piggyback intraocular lens implantation to correct high hyperopia

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International Journal of ophthalmology(English edition) 2013年第5期6卷 650-655页

作者： Xia Hua Xiao-Yong Yuan Hui Song Xin Tang Tianjin Medical University Tianjin Key Lab of ophthalmology and Visual Science Tianjin Eye InstituteTianjin Eye HospitalClinical College of OphthalmologyTianjin Medical University clinic barraquer of ophthalmology

AIM:To assess the refractive outcome of clear lensectomy combined with piggyback intraocular lens implantation in highly hyperopic ***:This case review included 19 eyes of 10 patients with high hyperopia and axial length less than *** lens power was calculated for emmetropia using the Holladay II formula in 17 eyes,and SRK/T formula in 2 eyes following clear lens extraction and piggyback intraocular lens *** were examined periodically over 24 months for visual acuity and spherical equivalent(SE).RESULTS:The mean postoperative SE at 24 months was 0.20±1.39D(range,-3.00 to 2.50D),better than preoperative 9.81±2.62D(range,+6.00 to +14.50D)(P<0.001).Five eyes had SE within±0.5D of emmetropia and 11 eyes within±1.00D at postoperative 24 *** mean postoperative uncorrected visual acuity(UCVA) at 24 months was 0.60±0.36,significantly improved compared to preoperative 1.39±0.33(P<0.001).The mean best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA) at 24 months was 0.49±0.35,not statistically different compared to preoperative 0.38±0.30(P=0.34).Twelve eyes maintained and 1 gained 1 or more Snellen line of BCVA,4 eyes lost 1 line,and 2 eyes lost 2 lines at 24 postoperative *** eyes best-corrected near visual acuity (BCNVA) achieved J1 at postoperative 24 months compared to preoperative 7 eyes and the other 7 eyes better than ***:Clearlensextractioncombinedpiggyback intraocular lens implantation appears to be an effective procedure to correct high hyperopia but mild overcorrection and intralenticular opacification may require secondary procedure.

关键词： piggyback intraocular lens high hyperopia

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Eyelid Wounds: Epidemiological, clinical and Etiological Aspects

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Open Journal of ophthalmology 2024年第1期14卷 55-62页

作者： Aly Mbara Ka Jean Pierre Diagne Aissatou Aw El Hadji Malick Sy Soda Mbaye Hawo Madina Diallo Audrey Samra Aboubacry Sadikh Sow Joseph Matar Mass Ndiaye Ousmane Ndiaga Senghor Lamine Ndiaye Mohamed Ndiaye Serigne Sohibou Gaye Papa Amadou Ndiaye ophthalmology Department of Abass Ndao Hospital Dakar Senegal ophthalmology Department of Aristide Le Dantec Hospital Dakar Senegal

Purpose: The aim is to show epidemiological, clinical and etiological characteristics of palpebral wounds. Methodology: This was a retrospective study focusing on patients with an eyelid wound, over a 10-year period from 2012 to 2021. We collected and analyzed the data using Excel. Results: The frequency of eyelid wounds was 0.1%. The average age of our patients was 19.38 years with a range of 1 and 62 years. The sex ratio was 3.7. Eighty-one percent of patients lived in Dakar. Fifty-seven percent (57%) of patients consulted less than 24 hours after the trauma and 7% of patients on D1. The circumstances were brawls (11%), domestic accidents (9%), road accidents (6%), and work accidents (6%). We noted 1 case of dog bite. Thirteen patients presented with post-traumatic decreased visual acuity. Involvement of the isolated upper eyelid was noted in 40% of cases and both eyelids in 15% of cases. Involvement of the lacrimal ducts was noted in 17% of cases, and that of the free edge in 21% of cases. Eyelid wounds were associated with eyeball damage in 21% of cases. Various associated lesions were observed. Ninety-one percent of patients received surgical treatment. Three cases of superinfections, 1 case of conjunctival granuloma and 1 case of phthysis of the eyeball with postoperative retinal detachment were noted. Conclusion: Eyelid sores are relatively common in our context. They require rapid surgical treatment in order to preserve the functional and aesthetic prognosis. .

关键词： Eyelid Wounds Epidemiology clinic Etiologies

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New frontiers in retinal transplantation

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第4期14卷 67-77页

作者： Francesco Saverio Sorrentino Patrick Di Terlizzi Francesco De Rosa Carlo Salati Leopoldo Spadea Caterina Gagliano Mutali Musa Marco Zeppieri Department of Surgical Sciences Unit of OphthalmologyOspedale MaggioreBologna 40100Italy Department of Oncology IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori“Dino Amadori”Meldola 47014Italy Department of ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Eye clinic Policlinico Umberto I"Sapienza"University of RomeRome 00142Italy Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Enna"Kore"Enna 94100Italy Eye clinic Catania University San Marco HospitalCatania 95121Italy Department of Optometry University of BeninBenin 300283Nigeria Department of ophthalmology Centre for Sight AfricaNkporOnitsha 434112Nigeria

New frontiers about retinal cell transplantation for retinal degenerative diseases start from the idea that acting on stem cells can help regenerate retinal layers and establish new synapses among retinal *** or alterations of synaptic input and neurotrophic factors result in trans-neuronal degeneration of the inner retinal ***,the disruption of photoreceptors takes ***,even in advanced forms of retinal degeneration,a good percentage of the ganglion cells and the inner nuclear layer neurons remain *** phenomenon provides evidence for obtaining retinal circuitry through the transplantation of photoreceptors into the subretinal *** eye is regarded as an optimal organ for cell transplantation because of its immunological privilege and the relatively small number of cells collaborating to carry out visual *** eyeball's immunological privilege,characterized by the suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in ocular tissues,is responsible for the low rate of graft rejection in transplant *** main discoveries highlight the capacity of embryonic stem cells(ESCs)and induced pluripotent stem cells to regenerate damaged retinal *** progress has shown significant enhancements in transplant procedures and *** research also explores the ethical ramifications linked to the utilization of stem cells,emphasizing the ongoing issue surrounding *** analysis centers on recent breakthroughs,including the fabrication of three-dimensional retinal organoids and the innovation of scaffolding for cell ***,researchers are currently assessing the possibility of CRISPR and other advanced gene editing technologies to enhance the outcomes of retinal *** widespread use of universally recognized safe surgical and imaging methods enables retinal transplantation and monitoring of transplanted cell growth toward the correct ***,most therapy approaches

关键词： Retinal transplantation Retinal stem cell Human embryonic stem cells Pluripotent stem cells Retinal tissue transplant

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Uveal melanoma:Recent advances in immunotherapy

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World Journal of clinical Oncology 2024年第1期15卷 23-31页

作者： Francesco Saverio Sorrentino Francesco De Rosa Patrick Di Terlizzi Giacomo Toneatto Andrea Gabai Lucia Finocchio Carlo Salati Leopoldo Spadea Marco Zeppieri Department of Surgical Sciences Unit of OphthalmologyOspedale MaggioreBologna 40100Italy Department of Oncology IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori“Dino Amadori”Meldola 47014Italy Department of ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Eye clinic Policlinico Umberto I“Sapienza”University of RomeRome 00142Italy

Uveal melanoma(UM)is the most common primary intraocular cancer in *** incidence in Europe and the United States is 6-7 per million population per *** most primary UMs can be successfully treated and locally controlled by irradiation therapy or local tumor resection,up to 50%of UM patients develop metastases that usually involve the liver and are fatal within 1 *** date,chemotherapy and targeted treatments only obtain minimal responses in patients with metastatic UM,which is still characterized by poor *** standard therapeutic approaches for its prevention or treatment have been *** application of immunotherapy agents,such as immune checkpoint inhibitors that are effective in cutaneous melanoma,has shown limited effects in the treatment of ocular *** is due to UM’s distinct genetics,natural history,and complex interaction with the immune *** cutaneous melanomas characterized mainly by BRAF or NRAS mutations,UMs are usually triggered by a mutation in GNAQ or *** a result,more effective immunotherapeutic approaches,such as cancer vaccines,adoptive cell transfer,and other new molecules are currently being *** this review,we examine novel immunotherapeutic strategies in clinical and preclinical studies and highlight the latest insight in immunotherapy and the development of tailored treatment of UM.

关键词： Uveal melanoma Immunotherapy Ocular oncology Tumor Metastatic disease Genetic mutations

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Whole-eye transplantation: Current challenges and future perspectives

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World Journal of Transplantation 2024年第2期14卷 28-39页

作者： Anna Scarabosio Pier Luigi Surico Vlad Tereshenko Rohan Bir Singh Carlo Salati Leopoldo Spadea Glenda Caputo Pier Camillo Parodi Caterina Gagliano Jonathan M Winograd Marco Zeppieri Department of Plastic Surgery University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Department of Plastic Surgery Massachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114United States Schepens Eye Research Institute of Mass Eye and Ear Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA 02114United States Department of ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Eye clinic Policlinico Umberto I"Sapienza"University of RomeRome 00142Italy Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Enna"Kore"Enna 94100Italy Eye clinic Catania University San Marco Hospital Viale Carlo Azeglio Ciampi 95121 CataniaItaly

Whole-eye transplantation emerges as a frontier in ophthalmology,promising a transformative approach to irreversible *** advancements,formidable challenges *** of donor eye viability post-enucleation necessitates meticulous surgical techniques to optimize retinal integrity and ganglion cell *** the inhibitory milieu of the central nervous system for successful optic nerve regeneration remains elusive,prompting the exploration of neurotrophic support and immunomodulatory *** tolerance,paramount for graft acceptance,confronts the distinc-tive immunogenicity of ocular tissues,driving research into targeted immunosup-pression *** and legal considerations underscore the necessity for stringent standards and ethical *** collaboration and ongoing research endeavors are imperative to navigate these ***,stem cell therapies,and precision immunomodulation represent promising avenues in this ***,the aim of this review is to critically assess the current landscape of whole-eye transplantation,elucidating the challenges and advancements while delineating future directions for research and clinical *** concerted efforts,whole-eye transplantation stands to revolu-tionize ophthalmic care,offering hope for restored vision and enhanced quality of life for those afflicted with blindness.

关键词： Eye Transplantation Optic nerve Nerve regeneration Immunological tolerance

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Possible viral agents to consider in the differential diagnosis of blepharoconjunctivitis

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World Journal of Virology 2024年第4期13卷 120-134页

作者： Mutali Musa Babatunde Ismail Bale Ayuba Suleman Gladness Aluyi-Osa Ekele Chukwuyem FabianaD’Esposito Caterina Gagliano Antonio Longo Andrea Russo Marco Zeppieri Department of Optometry University of BeninBenin 300283Nigeria Department of ophthalmology Africa Eye Laser Centre LtdBenin 300105Nigeria Department of ophthalmology Centre for Sight Africa LtdNkpor 434212Nigeria Imperial College Ophthalmic Research Group Unit Imperial CollegeLondon NW15QHUnited Kingdom GENOFTA srl Via A.Balsamo93Naples 80065Italy Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Enna"Kore"Catania 94100Italy Eye clinic Catania University San Marco HospitalCatania 95121Italy Department of ophthalmology University Hospital of CataniaCatania 95123Italy Department of ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy

BACKGROUND Blepharoconjunctivitis poses a diagnostic challenge due to its diverse etiology,including viral *** can be acute or chronic,selflimiting,or needing medical *** To review possible viral agents crucial for accurate differential diagnosis in cases of *** The PubMed database was searched for records relating to viral *** search string generated was“("virally"[All Fields]OR"virals"[All Fields]OR"virology"[MeSH Terms]OR"virology"[All Fields]OR"viral"[All Fields])AND"Blepharoconjunctivitis"[All Fields]".RESULTS A total of 24 publications were generated from the search *** lists from each relevant article were also searched for more information and included in this *** etiologies such as adenovirus,herpes simplex virus(HSV),varicella-zoster virus(VZV),and Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)are frequently *** infections manifest with follicular conjunctivitis and preauricular lymphadenopathy,often presenting as epidemic *** and VZV infections can result in herpetic keratitis and may exhibit characteristic dendritic corneal ***,although less common,can cause unilateral or bilateral follicular conjunctivitis,particularly in immunocompromised *** potential viral agents,such as enteroviruses and molluscum contagiosum virus,should also be considered,especially in pediatric *** Prompt recognition of these viral etiologies is essential for appropriate management and prevention of ***,a thorough understanding of the clinical presentation,epidemiology,and diagnostic modalities is crucial for accurate identification and management of viral blepharoconjunctivitis.

关键词： Viral Blepharoconjunctivitis Herpes simplex virus Varicella-Zoster Epstein-Barr

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Fat management in upper blepharoplasty:Addition or subtraction blepharoplasties,how and when

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World Journal of clinical Cases 2024年第16期12卷 2796-2802页

作者： Giovanni Miotti Jacopo Di Filippo Martina Grando Carlo Salati Pier Camillo Parodi Leopoldo Spadea Caterina Gagliano Mutali Musa Marco Zeppieri Department of Plastic Surgery University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Department of Internal Medicine Azienda Sanitaria Friuli OccidentaleSan Vito al Tagliamento 33078Italy Department of ophthalmology University Hospital of UdineUdine 33100Italy Eye clinic Policlinico Umberto I"Sapienza"University of RomeRome 00142Italy Department of Medicine and Surgery University of Enna"Kore"Enna 94100Italy Eye clinic Catania University San Marco HospitalCatania 95121Italy Department of Optometry University of BeninBenin 3000283Nigeria Department of ophthalmology Centre for Sight AfricaNkporOnitsha 434112Niger

BACKGROUND As one of the most common aesthetic surgical procedures carried out today,blepharoplasty should be in the repertoire of every plastic *** term blepharoplasty encompasses a wide range of techniques and options that must be tailored to the specific defect and patient one has to treat.A sound knowledge of the upper and lower eyelids’anatomy is essential for proper surgical *** have shifted towards more conservative methods(especially of the fat compartment)and sometimes in combination with augmentation techniques,helping to reach a rejuvenated *** To present an overview of the surgical techniques considered for upper lid blepharoplasty and fat pad management,in addition to information on how a surgeon may approach the best treatment for his patient based on current publications in *** We searched the literature published between 2013,to 2023 using Medline and Reference Citation *** database was searched using the keywords“upper blepharoplasty”AND“fat”.Papers without full text/abstracts and reviews were *** search strategy followed the *** American Society of Plastic Surgeons guidelines for Therapeutic Studies checklist was used to assess all *** authors individually reviewed each article and rated them for importance and relevance to the topic.A consensus was sought and the most relevant *** After the application of the selection criteria used in our review,13 publications were found to address upper lid blepharoplasty *** of these studies were reviews and three were retrospective *** publications were comparative studies and a further two were clinical *** The tendency of modern surgery is to be conservative,by removing adipose tissue only if strictly necessary and restoring the volume of the upper eyelid in a concept of beauty that espouses a"full"*** is no gold standard technique to achieve younger and enhanced eyelids

关键词： Blepharoplasty Fat pads Eye lid surgery Cosmetic aesthetic surgery Rejuvenation Plastic surgery

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