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design and test of self-propelled citrus seedling pots filling and placing machine

International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第1期16卷 104-110页

作者： Qinchao Xu Shanjun Li Jian Zhang Jiating Zhu Haibing Pan College of Engineering Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China citrus Mechanization Research Base of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Wuhan 430070China

In order to address the problem of citrus seedling pot filling and transporting which is time-consuming and labor-intensive in China,a scheme for seedling pot filling and placing was proposed,and a self-propelled citrus seedling pot filling and placing machine was designed which can fill and place 48 pots at one time.Firstly,the rotary hopper door mechanism was designed,the movement of the hopper door was analyzed,and the connection between the opening size and the movement time of the hopper door was determined.Then,the transmission system of the machine was designed,the power consumption of the hopper movement and substrate stirring were calculated,and the power requirement of the transmission system was determined.The lifting structure of the seedling pots frame was analyzed,the size of the flipping structure of the cover plate was calculated,and the seedling pots frame was designed.After that,the substrate flow rate curve was measured through the substrate flow rate experiments,and the hopper-controlled movement speed was calculated.Furthermore,the experimental prototype was manufactured and tested.The test results indicate that the filling number of pots was 48 one time,the filling time was 30 s,and the seedling pots were fully filled and placed in order.The average filling mass of the seedling pots was 2.23 kg,and the average mass variation coefficient was 2.7%.The substrate mass which is scraped out is 0.81 kg,accounting for 0.76%of the total filling mass at one time.This designed machine had a reasonable structure and high filling efficiency.The reseach can provide a reference for the development and optimization of the citrus seedling pots filling and transporting machine.

关键词： agricultural machinery design experiments fillingmachine placing machine

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design and evaluation of a two-section canopy shaker with variable frequency for mechanical harvesting of citrus

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2018年第5期11卷 77-87页

作者： Yingjun Pu Arash Toudeshki Reza Ehsani Fuzeng Yang College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100ShaanxiChina School of Engineering University of CaliforniaMercedCA 95343USA citrus Research&Education Center Institute of Food and Agricultural SciencesUniversity of FloridaLake AlfredFL 33850USA

Canopy shaking is one of the most commonly used techniques for mechanical harvesting of citrus fruits in orange juice industry.However,tree damage and low harvesting efficiency are the top concerns of growers in adopting the existing harvesting equipment on a large scale.The purpose of this research was to develop a novel canopy shaking system to minimize tree damage and maximize fruit removal for mechanical citrus harvesting.In this study,a two-section canopy shaker composing of top and bottom shaking systems mounted on two rotating drums was proposed and developed.It was configured with two sets of flexible bow-shaped shaking rods in a staggered distribution,which can shake the top and bottom zones of the tree canopy independently.The shaking system was designed based on a linked crank-rocker mechanism.Kinematic simulation analysis was conducted to verify the quick return characteristics and differential properties of this mechanism.Vibration test showed that the frequency of the shaking rod could be adjusted within a range of 1.1-8.8 Hz related to hydraulic motor speeds.The field tests of the shaking system with an average frequency of 4.7 Hz achieved a fruit removal percentage of 82.6%and tree damage rate of 5.4%under a tractor speed of 3 km/h.By contrast,the combined shaking frequency of 4.7 Hz&4.1 Hz of the canopy shaker produced less tree damage with a percentage of 3.9%.This study indicated that the two-section canopy shaker with an optimized frequency combination could be adaptable to the different zones of the tree canopy,and obtain lower tree damage and higher fruit removal percentage.

关键词： two-section canopy shaker crank-rocker mechanism variable frequency fruit removal percentage tree damage rate citrus mechanical harvesting

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Development and tests of sliding contact line-powered track transporter

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第4期16卷 68-75页

作者： Yihua Jiang Fang Yang Zihao Zhang Shanjun Li College of Engineering Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China China Agriculture(citrus)Research System Wuhan 430070China National R&D Center for citrus Preservation Wuhan 430070China citrus Mechanization Research Base Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China

In order to solve the problems of complexity of control systems and the limited power supply of traditional fuelpowered and battery-driven transporters operating in mountainous orchards,a sliding contact line-powered track transporter was designed and manufactured based on theoretical calculations.Key components of the transporter were developed such as a PLC-based(programmable logic controller)control system,a sliding contact power supply,and transmission system,and a position limit device.The functions and performance of designed transporter were tested.The test results showed that the transporter exhibited a high stability of operation with an average operation velocity of 0.70 m/s,the maximum working slope of 48°,the maximum load of 400 kg,and the maximum remote control distance reaching 1482 m.When the power supply circuit of sliding contact line was 108.8 m in length,the maximum voltage drop was 2.4 V,and the maximum power loss was 174.72 W,which were close to the theoretical calculation values.With a single power supply cabinet,the transporter can operate normally for a maximum track distance of 175.69 m.All the technical indicators of the transporter met the design requirements,and the above-mentioned problems such as complexity of the control system and limited energy supply of the traditional mountain orchard transporter were well solved.This study can provide reference for the design and optimization of mountain orchard transporter.

关键词： mountain orchard transporter remote control sliding contact line voltage drop

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Optimized design of the power consumption test of mountain orchard transporters

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第5期14卷 107-114页

作者： Jiaxue Li Muyuan Zhong Yanlin Zhang Xiulan Bao Shanjun Li Mingdi Liu Linghao Wang College of Engineering Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Guangdong Polytechnic College Zhaoqing 526000GuangdongChina National R&D Center for citrus Preservation Wuhan 430070China China Agriculture(citrus)Research System Wuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China citrus Mechanization Research Base Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China

In order to study the influence rule of various factors on the operating power consumption of the traction orchard transporter and realize the optimal design of the operation power consumption of the transporter,according to the traditional experience and the existing research foundation,the monorail transporter test bench was designed and built on the basis of the whole structure and operation characteristics of the transporter.Taking the motor frequency,track gradient and load as the investigation factors,and the driving shaft power,shaft power transmission and mechanical efficiency as the evaluation indices,the orthogonal test was conducted,and the range analysis of the influence effect was carried out according to the test results.The primary and secondary orders of the influence of various factors were obtained that motor frequency was greater than track gradient and track gradient was greater than load.According to the orthogonal test results,the second-order response surface method was used to establish the optimization model of the power consumption of the transporter,and the model was verified on the test bench.The results showed that the relative error between the model optimization value and the test value based on the response surface power optimization model was less than 10%,which indicated that the power optimization model had satisfactory performance.The research can provide a reference for the orchard conveyor to choose the parameter combination which can save power consumption and the motor that matches power consumption.

关键词： mountain orchard transporter power consumption orthogonal test optimization model analysis

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Development and test of hydraulic driven remote transporter

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2021年第2期14卷 72-80页

作者： Jiaxue Li Shanjun Li Yanlin Zhang Mingdi Liu Zhiyuan Gao College of Engineering Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Guangdong Polytechnic college Zhaoqing 526000GuangdongChina China Agriculture(citrus)Research System Wuhan 430070China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Equipment in Mid-lower Yangtze River Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China citrus Mechanization Research Base Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070China National R&D Center for citrus Preservation Wuhan 430070China

To solve the problems of the traditional orchard conveyor,such as inflexible steering,a complex structure,poor stability and no power grid coverage,a remote-controlled rail conveyor powered by hydraulic pressure for mountainous orchards was designed and manufactured.Climbing stress analysis was carried out on a full-load trailer to obtain the maximum traction force,which met the requirement of the climbing slope of the transport mechanism.The key components of the conveyor were developed,such as the hydraulic transmission,the control system,safety protection devices,limiting devices,the throttle and decompression actuator,the counterweight tension and the battery.Through the theoretical calculations of key components,an orchard conveyor powered by diesel and hydraulic pressure was designed.Finally,the working performance of the transporter was tested through functionality,driving speed,system pressure and remote-controlled tests.The test results showed that the climbing angle of the transporter can reach 50°,the uphill load can reach 840 kg,the downhill load can reach 1100 kg,and the average running speed is 0.77 m/s;the driving speed ranges from 0.29 m/s to 1.08 m/s,and the system pressure ranges from 3.2 MPa to 10 MPa.The driving speed and system pressure are significantly affected by the load,and the remote control distance can reach 455 m.The technical specifications of the transporter meet all the design requirements,and the problem of stable operation of the transporter without power grid coverage has been addressed.The research results can well meet the practical application requirements of mountain orchard transportation without power grid coverage and provide theoretical reference for the design of key components of mountain orchard transportation machinery.

关键词： mountain orchard conveyor hydraulic drive remote control

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Experimental investigation on the spray characteristics of agricultural full-cone pressure swirl nozzle

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2023年第4期16卷 29-40页

作者： Xiuyun Xue Xufeng Xu Shilei Lyu Shuran Song Xin Ai Nengchao Li Zhenyu Yang Zhen Li College of Electronic Engineering(College of Artificial Intelligence) South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou 510642China National citrus Industry Technical System Machinery Research Office Guangzhou 510642China Engineering Research Center for Monitoring Agricultural Information of Guangdong Province Guangzhou 510642China Meizhou SCAU-Zhensheng Research Institute for Modern Agricultural Equipment Meizhou 514781China

The spray characteristics of a full-cone pressure swirl nozzle have been investigated in this study.The results were defined by Reynolds number,which focuses on the breakup of liquid film,droplet size,velocity,and liquid volume flux under different Reynolds numbers at the near-field spray.The spray structure was visualized using a high-speed camera,and the characteristics of droplets were measured using a Phase Doppler Anemometer(PDA)in both the radial and axial directions.The tests were carried out at varying spray pressures(0.2 to 1.0 MPa),corresponding to different Reynolds numbers(5369 to 12006).It was found that when the Reynolds number rises,the liquid became more unstable after leaving the nozzle,causing the liquid film to break up faster.According to the measurements of PDA,the coalescence of droplets increased due to the centrifugal effect.What’s more,the velocity of the droplets fluctuates significantly in the radial direction,and the droplets with a smaller particle size had a higher average velocity.From the perspective of liquid distribution,the increase in Reynolds number caused the spray liquid to move in the radial direction gradually.In contrast,the liquid volume distribution changed in the radial direction more obviously than in the axial direction,growing to the maximum along the radial direction and gradually reducing.It can provide a reference for selecting operating parameters for actual agricultural spray operations and the design of electrostatic nozzles through the research on breakup and droplet characteristics.

关键词： full-cone pressure swirl nozzle droplet size droplet velocity liquid volume flux high-speed camera PDA

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Effects of Different Row Ratios of Male and Female Parents and Application Amount of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Hybrid Wheat Seed Production and Its Component Factors

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Asian Agricultural Research 2017年第3期9卷 69-73页

作者： Can SUN Renwu RUAN Lili YAN Dan HU Xingbei LIU Hengzhi SHE Manman XU Zhongan LI Zelin YI Yuheng YANG College of Agronomy and Biotechnology Southwest University citrus Research Institute Southwest University College of Plant Protection Southwest University

In order to screen suitable high hybrid wheat seed production technology,the split-plot experiment design was adopted and study was carried out about the effects of the different row ratios of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid wheat seed production and its component factors. The results showed that the seed production increased with the increase in the number of female parent row. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2 ∶ 6,the seed production was 3 683. 8 kg/ha; when the application amount of nitrogen fertilization was 50 kg/ha,the seed production was 3 649. 4 kg/ha; the interaction between the row ratio of male and female parents and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 6 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the seed production reached the highest( 4160. 6 kg/ha). The row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the component factors of seed production,including the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 7 grains,1. 12 g,and 62. 6% respectively; when application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 450 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26. 0 grains,1. 08 g,and59. 2% respectively; the interaction of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage; when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2∶ 5 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha,the number of grains per spike,spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 29. 6grains,1. 24 g,and 71. 6% respectively. The number of grains per spike is the largest com

关键词： Hybrid wheat Row ratio of male and female parents Nitrogen fertilizer Seed production

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Two new phenolic glycosides isolated from the fruits of citrus aurantium

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2017年第1期15卷 41-44页

作者： ZHANG Xiao-Li XU Wen-Feng CHEN Gang WANG Hai-Feng PEI Yue-Hu School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica Shenyang Pharmaceutical University Shenyang 110016 China Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug design and Discovery (Shenyang Pharmaceutical University) Ministry of EducationShenyang 110016 China Department of Pharmacy Beijing Hospital Beijing 100730 China

The present study was designed to investigate the chemical constituents of the fruit of citrus aurantium L.. The compounds were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectral data. Two new phenolic glycosides(compounds 1 and 2) were obtained and identified as 1-O-3, 5-dihydroxyphenyl-(6-O-4-hydroxybenzoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(1) and 1-O-3, 5-dihydroxyphenyl-(6-O-3-methoxy-4-hydroxy benzoyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside(2), respectively.

关键词：酉分的 glycoside 柠檬 aurantium L. Aurantii Fructus Immaturus Phloroglucinol

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Expanding the application of a UV-visible reporter for transient gene expression and stable transformation in plants

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 3286-3296页

作者： Guoliang Yuan Haiwei Lu Dan Tang Md Mahmudul Hassan Yi Li Jin-Gui Chen Gerald A.Tuskan Xiaohan Yang Bioscie nces Divisi on Oak Ridge Nati onal Lab oratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA The Center for Bioe nergy Inno vati on Oak Ridge Nati onal Lab oratoryOak RidgeTN 37831USA Department of Plant Science and Landscape Architecture University of ConnecticutStorrsCT 06269USA National Center for citrus Improvement College of HorticultureHunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128 HunanChina Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding Patuakhali Science and Technology UniversityDumkiPatuakhali 8602Bangladesh

Green fl uorescent protein(GFP)has been widely used for monitoring gene expression and protein localization in diverse organisms.However,highly sensitive imaging equipment,like fl uorescence microscope,is usually required for the visualization of GFP,limitings its application to fi xed locations in samples.A reporter that can be visualized in realtime regardless the shape,size and location of the target samples will increase the fl exibility and ef fi ciency of research work.Here,we report the application of a GFP-like protein,called eYGFPuv,in both transient expression and stable transformation,in two herbaceous plant species(Arabidopsis and tobacco)and two woody plant species(poplar and citrus).We observed bright fl uorescence under UV light in all of the four plant species without any effects on plant growth or development.eYGFPuv was shown to be effective for imaging transient expression in leaf and root tissues.With a focus on in vitro transformation,we demonstrated that the transgenic events expressing 1x eYGFPuv could be easily identi fi ed visually during the callus stage and the shoot stage,enabling early and ef fi cient selection of transformants.Furthermore,whole-plant level visualization of eYGFPuv revealed its ubiquitous stability in transgenic plants.In addition,our transformation experiments showed that eYGFPuv can also be used to select transgenic plants without antibiotics.This work demonstrates the feasibility of utilizing 1x eYGFPuv in studies of gene expression and plant transformation in diverse plants.

关键词： transient transformation application

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电动汽车充电站

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设计 2021年第12期34卷 9-9页

作者： Taewon Hong Donghyun Kim Junghyun Cho Jinyoung Kim Hyundai Motor Corporation citrus design

现代汽车集团正在为以人类为中心的出行新纪元做准备。它的设计中心开发了E-PIT超快速充电器,它通过解决通常困扰EV充电器的几个严重问题,极大地改善了用户体验:1)笨重的电缆2)复杂的操作和服务使用3)充电状态不清楚4)卫生(在大流行的... 详细信息

现代汽车集团正在为以人类为中心的出行新纪元做准备。它的设计中心开发了E-PIT超快速充电器,它通过解决通常困扰EV充电器的几个严重问题,极大地改善了用户体验:1)笨重的电缆2)复杂的操作和服务使用3)充电状态不清楚4)卫生(在大流行的情况下尤其重要)5)生产和维护。

关键词：电动汽车充电站充电状态快速充电器用户体验电缆新纪元

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