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Schottky infrared detectors with optically tunable barriers beyond the internal photoemission limit

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The Innovation 2024年第3期5卷 69-76页

作者： Jintao Fu Zhongmin Guo Changbin Nie Feiying Sun Genglin Li Shuanglong Feng Xingzhan Wei Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China University of chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Chongqing School University of Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China

Internal photoemission is a prominent branch of the photoelectric effect and has emerged as a viable method for detecting photons with energies below the semiconductor bandgap.This breakthrough has played a significant role in accelerating the development of infrared imaging in one chip with state-of-the-art silicon techniques.However,the performance of these Schottky infrared detectors is currently hindered by the limit of internal photoemission;specifically,a low Schottky barrier height is inevitable for the detection of low-energy infrared photons.Herein,a distinct paradigm of Schottky infrared detectors is proposed to overcome the internal photoemission limit by introducing an optically tunable barrier.This device uses an infrared absorbing material-sensitized Schottky diode,assisted by the highly adjustable Fermi level of graphene,which subtly decouples the photon energy from the Schottky barrier height.Correspondingly,a broadband photoresponse spanning from ultraviolet to mid-wave infrared is achieved,with a high specific detectivity of 9.83×1010 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at 2,700 nm and an excellent specific detectivity of 7.2×109 cm Hz1/2 W−1 at room temperature under blackbody radiation.These results address a key challenge in internal photoemission and hold great promise for the development of the Schottky infrared detector with high sensitivity and room temperature operation.

关键词： Schottky tunable beyond

Exploring the ultrahigh rolling contact fatigue life of M50 bearing steel by adjusting the cryogenic sequence

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第2期169卷 243-250页

作者： Xin Cai Xiaoqiang Hu Xingyu Lu Hongwei Liu Yanfei Cao Dianzhong Li Shenyang national Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China

The influence of different cryogenic sequences on the rolling contact fatigue(RCF)life of M50-bearing steel has been studied.The results show that direct cryogenic treatment after quenching can effectively improve RCF life.The L_(10)life is strikingly 5 times longer than that with cryogenic treatment after tem-pering.This is caused by the distinct lattice construction of martensite and the transformation of retained austenite.More secondary nanocarbides and fine twins are formed via cryogenic treatment before tem-pering compared with cryogenic treatment after tempering.The improvement in the RCF life of the steel is attributed to the joint effects of the secondary nanocarbides and twin boundaries with a width of 5-13 nm,which delays significantly crack initiation and propagation.This study highlights a common method to improve the service life of high-carbon and high-alloy steels by adjusting the cryogenic se-quence.

关键词： M50 steel Cryogenic treatment Rolling contact fatigue life Carbide Twin

Uncovering key salt-tolerant regulators through a combined eQTL and GWAS analysis using the super pan-genome in rice

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national Science Review 2024年第4期11卷 55-69页

作者： Hua Wei Xianmeng Wang Zhipeng Zhang Longbo Yang Qianqian Zhang Yilin Li Huiying He Dandan Chen Bin Zhang Chongke Zheng Yue Leng Xinglan Cao Yan Cui Chuanlin Shi Yifan Liu Yang Lv Jie Ma Wenchuang He Xiangpei Liu Qiang Xu Qiaoling Yuan Xiaoman Yu Tianyi Wang Hongge Qian Xiaoxia Li Bintao Zhang Hong Zhang Wu Chen Mingliang Guo Xiaofan Dai Yuexing Wang Xiaoming Zheng Longbiao Guo Xianzhi Xie Qian Qian Lianguang Shang Shenzhen Branch Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern AgricultureGenome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsAgricultural Genomics Institute at ShenzhenChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology China National Rice Research Institute national Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop Science Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Yazhouwan national Laboratory

For sessile plants, gene expression plays a pivotal role in responding to salinity stress by activating or suppressing specific genes. However, our knowledge of genetic variations governing gene expression in response to salt stress remains limited in natural germplasm. Through transcriptome analysis of the Global Mini-Core Rice Collection consisting of a panel of 202 accessions, we identified 22 345 and 27 610expression quantitative trait loci associated with the expression of 7787 and 9361 e Genes under normal and salt-stress conditions, respectively, leveraging the super pan-genome map. Notably, combined with genome-wide association studies, we swiftly pinpointed the potential candidate gene STG5—a major salt-tolerant locus known as q STS5. Intriguingly, STG5 is required for maintaining Na+/K+homeostasis by directly regulating the transcription of multiple members of the Os HKT gene family. Our study sheds light on how genetic variants influence the dynamic changes in gene expression responding to salinity stress and provides a valuable resource for the mining of salt-tolerant genes in the future.

关键词： super pan-genome expression quantitative trait loci GWAS salt tolerance rice

Screening current in ultra-high-field non-insulated superconducting magnets

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Science China Technological Sciences 2024年第7期67卷 2255-2273页

作者： ZHOU BenZhe WANG Lei CHEN Yong WANG QiuLiang WANG KangShuai ZHANG ZiLi LIU JianHua University of chinese academy of Sciences Institute of Electrical Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences

Screening current is recognized as one of the critical elements limiting the progression of superconducting magnets toward achieving higher magnetic fields. Currently, most non-insulated(NI) superconducting magnets consider the magnet as insulated when addressing the issue of screening current. However, the bypass current in the NI magnet can modify the actual history of magnetization, so the screening current in NI magnet will be different from that in the insulated magnet. This paper presents a novel method based on the homogenized T-A formulation(T is the current vector potential, and A is the magnetic vector potential), which enables real-time simulation of both the bypass current behavior and the implications of screening current in NI superconducting magnets, even when these magnets contain tens of thousands of turns. We have developed a 32 T NI hybrid superconducting magnet and validated the effectiveness of this method through experiments. Employing this efficacious method,we conducted a comprehensive calculation of screening current in NI magnets, comparing them with insulated magnets in terms of screening current-induced stress(SCIS), screening current-induced field(SCIF), and losses. The results indicate that in the NI insert coils, the sequential excitation of background coils and insert coils induces a reverse screening current, resulting in slightly lower SCIF and SCIS compared to those in the insulated magnets. The method and results can contribute to the enhancement of magnet design and provide valuable insights for the development of ultra-high fields(UHF) NI magnets.

关键词： ultra-high-field superconducting magnet screening current REBCO coil NI coil stress loss

Monophase-homointerface electrodes intrinsically stabilize high-voltage all-solid-state batteries

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Science China Chemistry 2024年第5期67卷 1729-1739页

作者： Xiaolin Xiong Xianguo Ma Tianshi Lv Liquan Chen Liumin Suo Beijing national Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100190China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

The electrochemical stability and contact reliability of heterointerfaces between the solid electrolyte(SE) and electrode are critical for all-solid-state batteries(ASSBs), particularly much more challenging for high-voltage ASSBs, owing to the limited thermodynamically electrochemical window and mechanical inflexibility of SE, aggravating interfacial side reactions and contact failure. Considering all those issues originating from intrinsic heterogeneity in physicochemical features between the cathode material and SE, we are thinking about simplifying the heterointerfaces into a homointerface as a permanent cure to solve all electrochemical-mechanical interfacial failure. Herein, we propose monophase cathodes to construct thermodynamically stable all-in-one homointerfaces in ASS electrodes, removing unstable heterointerfaces by excluding SEs and intrinsically eliminating the Li chemical potential gap to avoid the formation of lithium-depleted space-charge layer and highly resistive mixed ion–electron conductor interphase. Our conception is successfully validated in the layered transition-metal oxide cathodes, which display outstanding stability no matter the MH-LiCoO_(2) cathode charging to 4.7 V or MH-Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)-Co_(0.13)O_(2) cathode charging to 5.3 V. It is undeniable that our current version of above-illustrated MH-cathodes would bring out some new challenges for the practical application due to abandoning the SE. However, we believe our work also offers a brandnew direction to ultimately address the electrochemical–mechanical interfacial issues that would be promising for high-energy ASSBs with more discoveries of advanced monophase cathodes in the future.

关键词： monophase-homointerface electrode high-voltage all-solid-state batteries electrochemical-mechanical interfacial issue

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Tuning the electronic conductance of REHx（RE = Nd, Ce, Pr） by structural deformation

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2024年第8期95卷 440-445页

作者： Shangshang Wang Weijin Zhang Jirong Cui Shukun Liu Hong Wen Jianping Guo Teng He Hujun Cao Ping Chen Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Catalysis Chinese Academy of Sciences

Hydride ion（H-） conductors have drawn much attention due to their potential applications in hydrideion-based devices. Rare earth metal hydrides（REHx） have fast H-conduction which, unfortunately, is accompanied by detrimental electron conduction preventing their application as ion conductors. Here,REHx（RE = Nd, Ce, and Pr） with varied grain sizes, rich grain boundaries, and defects have been prepared by ball milling and subsequent sintering. The electronic conductivity of the ball-milled REHxsamples can be reduced by 2–4 orders of magnitude compared with the non-ball-milled samples. The relationship of electron conduction and miscrostructures in REHxis studied and discussed based on experimental data and previously-proposed classical and quantum theories. The H-conductivity of all REHxis about 10-4to 10-3S cm-1at room temperature, showing promise for the development of H-conductors and their applications in clean energy storage and conversion.

关键词： Crystal defect Electron conduction Electron scattering Hydride ion conduction Nanosized grain

Non-B-form DNA is associated with centromere stability in newly-formed polyploid wheat

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2024年第7期67卷 1479-1488页

作者： Congyang Yi Qian Liu Yuhong Huang Chang Liu Xianrui Guo Chaolan Fan Kaibiao Zhang Yang Liu Fangpu Han Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of chinese academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Non-B-form DNA differs from the classic B-DNA double helix structure and plays a crucial regulatory role in replication and transcription.However,the role of non-B-form DNA in centromeres,especially in polyploid wheat,remains elusive.Here,we systematically analyzed seven non-B-form DNA motif profiles(A-phased DNA repeat,direct repeat,G-quadruplex,inverted repeat,mirror repeat,short tandem repeat,and Z-DNA)in hexaploid wheat.We found that three of these non-B-form DNA motifs were enriched at centromeric regions,especially at the CENH3-binding sites,suggesting that non-B-form DNA may create a favorable loading environment for the CENH3 nucleosome.To investigate the dynamics of centromeric non-B form DNA during the alloploidization process,we analyzed DNA secondary structure using CENH3 ChIP-seq data from newly formed allotetraploid wheat and its two diploid ancestors.We found that newly formed allotetraploid wheat formed more non-B-form DNA in centromeric regions compared with their parents,suggesting that non-B-form DNA is related to the localization of the centromeric regions in newly formed wheat.Furthermore,non-B-form DNA enriched in the centromeric regions was found to preferentially form on young LTR retrotransposons,explaining CENH3's tendency to bind to younger LTR.Collectively,our study describes the landscape of non-B-form DNA in the wheat genome,and sheds light on its potential role in the evolution of polyploid centromeres.

关键词： non-B-form DNA polyploid wheat centromere retrotransposon

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Proteomics analysis of coronary atherosclerotic heart disease with different Traditional chinese Medicine syndrome types before and after percutaneous coronary intervention

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Journal of Traditional chinese Medicine 2024年第3期44卷 554-563页

作者： WANG Zhibo LI Ying WANG Daoping MA Bo MIAO Lan REN Junguo LIU Jinghua LIU Jianxun Beijing Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of chinese Materia Region Institute of Basic Medical SciencesXiyuan HospitalChina Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesNational Clinical Research Center of Cardiovascular Disease of Traditional Chinese Medicine the national Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement Institute of Crop ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural Science Department of Cardiology Beijing Anzhen HospitalCapital Medical University

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the underlying protein molecular mechanisms of "Qi stagnation and blood stasis syndrome"(QS) and "Qi deficiency and blood stasis syndrome"(QD), as two subtypes of coronary artery disease(CAD) in Traditional chinese Medicine(TCM),following percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).METHODS: In this study, a total of 227 CAD patients with QS and 211 CAD patients with QD were enrolled; all participants underwent PCI. Label-free quantification proteomics were employed to analyze the changes in serum in two subtypes of CAD patients before and 6 months after PCI, aiming to elucidate the intervention mechanism of PCI in treating CAD characterized by two different TCM syndromes.RESULTS: Biochemical analysis revealed significant changes in tumor necrosis factor-α, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, blood stasis clinical symptoms observation, and Gensini levels in both patient groups post-PCI; Proteomic analysis identified 79 and 95 differentially expressed proteins in the QS and QD patient groups, respectively, compared to their control groups.complement C8 alpha chain, complement factor H,apolipoprotein H, apolipoprotein B, plasminogen,carbonic anhydrase 2, and complement factor Ⅰ were altered in both comparison groups. Furthermore,enrichment analysis demonstrated that cell adhesion and connectivity-related processes underwent changes in QS patients post-PCI, whereas lipid metabolism-related pathways, including the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor signaling pathway and extracellular matrix receptor interaction, underwent changes in the QD group.The protein-protein interaction network analysis further enriched 52 node proteins, including apolipoprotein B,lipoprotein(a), complement C5, apolipoprotein A4,complement C8 alpha chain, complement C8 beta chain,complement C8 gamma chain, apolipoprotein H,apolipoprotein A-Ⅱ, albumin, complement C4-B,apolipoprotein C3, among others. The functional network of these proteins is posited to contribute to the pathophysiology of CAD characterized by TC

关键词： Traditional chinese Medicine syndrome coronary atherosclerotic heart disease peptide mapping percutaneous coronary intervention proteomics

New structure transistors for advanced technology node CMOS ICs

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national Science Review 2024年第3期11卷 24-41页

作者： Qingzhu Zhang Yongkui Zhang Yanna Luo Huaxiang Yin Integrated Circuit Advanced Process R&D Center Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences(IMECAS) State key Lab of Fabrication Technologies for Integrated Circuits Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Integrated Circuits University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Over recent decades, advancements in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor integrated circuits(ICs)have mainly relied on structural innovations in transistors. From planar transistors to the fin field-effect transistor(FinFET) and gate-all-around FET(GAAFET), more gate electrodes have been added to three-dimensional(3D) channels with enhanced control and carrier conductance to provide higher electrostatic integrity and higher operating currents within the same device footprint. Beyond the 1-nm node, Moore's law scaling is no longer expected to be applicable to geometrical shrinkage. Vertical transistor stacking, e.g. in complementary FETs(CFET), 3D stack(3DS) FETs and vertical-channel transistors(VFET), for enhanced density and variable circuit or system design represents a revolutionary scaling approach for sustained IC development. Herein, innovative works on specific structures, key process breakthroughs, shrinking cell sizes and design methodologies for transistor structure research and development are reviewed. Perspectives on future innovations in advanced transistors with new channel materials and operating theories are also discussed.

关键词： transistor CMOS GAAFET CFET 3DS FET