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Acta Epileptologica 2024年第2期7卷 137-142页

作者： Chuhui Lin Ting Zeng Yuhong Deng Department of Clinical Nutrition the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510260China institute of neuroscience and Department of Neurology the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 510260China

Background Epilepsy secondary to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS)can be challenging to *** potential interactions between antiretroviral drugs and antiepileptic drugs may result in the failure of both ***,it is crucial to develop more effective strategies to enhance the clinical outcomes of *** presentation We report a case of epilepsy secondary to *** administration of Bacteroides Fragilis 839(BF839),the secondary generalized tonic-clonic seizures disappeared,the frequency of complex partial seizures decreased by 70%,and the duration of each episode was ***,long-term diarrhea associated with antiretroviral therapy for AIDS resolved,and the syphilis serofast reaction turned *** serious adverse reactions were observed during the three-year follow *** This case report suggests that the specific gut microbiota preparation could possibly improve refrac-tory epilepsy in HIV patients while also potentially alleviating adverse reactions to antiretroviral drugs and concurrent syphilis *** case may provide a new perspective for the treatment of HIV infection/AIDS.

关键词： Acquired immunodefciency syndrome Epilepsy Bacteroides fragilis

Reshaping the Cortical Connectivity Gradient by Long-Term Cognitive Training During Development

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neuroscience Bulletin 2024年第1期40卷 50-64页

作者： Tianyong Xu Yunying Wu Yi Zhang Xi-Nian Zuo Feiyan Chen Changsong Zhou Bio-X Laboratory School of PhysicsZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Qiushi Academy for Advanced Studies Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation College of Optical Science and EngineeringZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive neuroscience and Learning Bejing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Developmental Population neuroscience Research Center IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain ResearchBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Devices Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China Department of Physics Centre for Nonlinear Studies and Beijing-Hong Kong-Singapore Joint Centre for Nonlinear and Complex Systems(Hong Kong)Institute of Computational and Theoretical StudiesHong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 999077China

The organization of the brain follows a topologi-cal hierarchy that changes dynamically during ***,it remains unknown whether and how cognitive training administered over multiple years during develop-ment can modify this hierarchical *** measuring the brain and behavior of school children who had carried out abacus-based mental calculation(AMC)training for five years(starting from 7 years to 12 years old)in pre-training and post-training,we revealed the reshaping effect of long-term AMC intervention during development on the brain hierarchical *** observed the development-induced emergence of the default network,AMC training-promoted shifting,and regional changes in cortical ***,the training-induced gradient changes were located in visual and somatomotor areas in association with the visuospatial/motor-imagery *** found that gradient-based features can predict the math ability within *** findings provide novel insights into the dynamic nature of network recruitment impacted by long-term cognitive training during development.

关键词： Connectivity gradient Cognitive training Development Neural plasticity Abacus-based mental calculation

Regulation of specific abnormal calcium signals in the hippocampal CA1 and primary cortex M1 alleviates the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第2期19卷 425-433页

作者： Feng Chen Xi Dong Zhenhuan Wang Tongrui Wu Liangpeng Wei Yuanyuan Li Kai Zhang Zengguang Ma Chao Tian Jing Li Jingyu Zhao Wei Zhang Aili Liu Hui Shen Laboratory of Neurobiology School of Biomedical EngineeringTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina institute for Translational neuroscience the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantongJiangsu ProvinceChina institute for Translational Brain Research Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Radiology the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical SchoolNanjingJiangsu ProvinceChina Innovative institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy Shandong University of Traditional Chinese MedicineJinanChina Department of Anesthesiology Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Department of Orthopaedics Tianjin Medical University General HospitalTianjinChina Tianjin Eye Hospital Tianjin Eye InstituteTianjin Key Lab of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceTianjinChina Laboratory of Neurobiology School of Basic Medical SciencesTianjin Medical UniversityTianjinChina

Temporal lobe epilepsy is a multifactorial neurological dysfunction syndrome that is refractory,resistant to antiepileptic drugs,and has a high recurrence *** pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy is complex and is not fully *** calcium dynamics have been implicated in temporal lobe ***,the effect of fluctuating calcium activity in CA1 pyramidal neurons on temporal lobe epilepsy is unknown,and no longitudinal studies have investigated calcium activity in pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and primary motor cortex M1 of freely moving *** this study,we used a multichannel fiber photometry system to continuously record calcium signals in CA1 and M1 during the temporal lobe epilepsy *** found that calcium signals varied according to the grade of temporal lobe epilepsy *** particular,cortical spreading depression,which has recently been frequently used to represent the continuously and substantially increased calcium signals,was found to correspond to complex and severe behavioral characteristics of temporal lobe epilepsy ranging from gradeⅡto gradeⅤ.However,vigorous calcium oscillations and highly synchronized calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were strongly related to convulsive motor *** inhibition of pyramidal neurons in CA1 significantly attenuated the amplitudes of the calcium signals corresponding to gradeⅠ*** addition,the latency of cortical spreading depression was prolonged,and the above-mentioned abnormal calcium signals in CA1 and M1 were also significantly ***,it was possible to rescue the altered intracellular calcium *** simultaneous analysis of calcium signals and epileptic behaviors,we found that the progression of temporal lobe epilepsy was alleviated when specific calcium signals were reduced,and that the end-point behaviors of temporal lobe epilepsy were *** results indicate that the calcium dynamic between CA1 and M1 may reflect sp

关键词： Ca^(2+) calcium signals chemogenetic methods hippocampus primary motor cortex pyramidal neurons temporal lobe epilepsy

Repressing iron overload ameliorates central poststroke pain via the Hdac2-Kv1.2 axis in a rat model of hemorrhagic stroke

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第12期19卷 2708-2722页

作者： He Fang Mengjie Li Jingchen Yang Shunping Ma Li Zhang Hongqi Yang Qiongyan Tang Jing Cao Weimin Yang Department of Neurology The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina Department of Molecular Neuropathology Beijing Neurosurgical InstituteCapital Medical UniversityBeijingChina Department of Nutrition The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina Department of Neurology Henan Provincial People’s HospitalZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina Department of Human Anatomy School of Basic Medical SciencesZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina neuroscience Research institute Zhengzhou University Academy of Medical SciencesZhengzhouHenan ProvinceChina

Thalamic hemorrhage can lead to the development of central post-stroke *** in histone acetylation levels,which are regulated by histone deacetylases,affect the excitability of neurons surrounding the hemorrhagic ***,the regulato ry mechanism of histone deacetylases in central post-stroke pain remains unclea ***,we show that iron overload leads to an increase in histone deacetylase 2expression in damaged ventral posterolateral nucleus *** this increase restored histone H3 acetylation in the Kcna2 promoter region of the voltage-dependent potassium(Kv)channel subunit gene in a rat model of central post-stroke pain,thereby increasing Kcna2expression and relieving central ***,in the absence of nerve injury,increasing histone deacetylase 2 expression decreased Kcna2expression,decreased Kv current,increased the excitability of neurons in the ventral posterolateral nucleus area,and led to neuropathic pain ***,treatment with the iron chelator deferiprone effectively reduced iron overload in the ventral posterolateral nucleus after intracerebral hemorrhage,reversed histone deacetylase 2 upregulation and Kv1.2 downregulation,and alleviated mechanical hypersensitivity in central post-stroke pain *** results suggest that histone deacetylase 2 upregulation and Kv1.2 downregulation,mediated by iron overload,are important factors in central post-stroke pain pathogenesis and co uld se rve as new to rgets for central poststroke pain treatment.

关键词： central post-stroke pain hemorrhagic stroke histone deacetylase iron overload voltage-gated potassium ion channel 1.2

Molecular mechanisms underlying microglial sensing and phagocytosis in synaptic pruning

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第6期19卷 1284-1290页

作者： Anran Huo Jiali Wang Qi Li Mengqi Li Yuwan Qi Qiao Yin Weifeng Luo Jijun Shi Qifei Cong Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityInstitute of Neuroscience and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric DiseasesSoochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina Department of Neurology and Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversitySuzhouJiangsu ProvinceChina

Microglia are the main non-neuronal cells in the central nervous system that have important roles in brain development and functional connectivity of neural *** brain physiology,highly dynamic microglial processes are facilitated to sense the surrounding environment and *** the brain switches its functional states,microglia are recruited to specific sites to exert their immune functions,including the release of cytokines and phagocytosis of cellular *** crosstalk of microglia between neurons,neural stem cells,endothelial cells,oligodendrocytes,and astrocytes contributes to their functions in synapse pruning,neurogenesis,vascularization,myelination,and blood-brain barrier *** this review,we highlight the neuron-derived“find-me,”“eat-me,”and“don't eat-me”molecular signals that drive microglia in response to changes in neuronal activity for synapse refinement during brain *** review reveals the molecular mechanism of neuron-microglia interaction in synaptic pruning and presents novel ideas for the synaptic pruning of microglia in disease,thereby providing important clues for discovery of target drugs and development of nervous system disease treatment methods targeting synaptic dysfunction.

关键词： complement immune signals microglia molecular signal synapse elimination synapse formation synapse refinement synaptic pruning

Local field potentials,spiking activity,and receptive fields in human visual cortex

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Science china(Life Sciences) 2024年第3期67卷 543-554页

作者： Lu Luo Xiongfei Wang Junshi Lu Guanpeng Chen Guoming Luan Wu Li Qian Wang Fang Fang School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China School of Psychology Beijing Sport UniversityBeijing 100084China Department of Neurosurgery Sanbo Brain HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100093China Beijing Key Laboratory of Epilepsy Epilepsy CenterSanbo Brain HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100093China IDG/McGovern institute for Brain Research Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Beijing institute for Brain Disorders Beijing 100069China State Key Laboratory of Cognitive neuroscience and Learning and IDG/McGovern institute for Brain Research Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China

The concept of receptive field(RF) is central to sensory neuroscience. Neuronal RF properties have been substantially studied in animals,while those in humans remain nearly unexplored. Here, we measured neuronal RFs with intracranial local field potentials(LFPs) and spiking activity in human visual cortex(V1/V2/V3). We recorded LFPs via macro-contacts and discovered that RF sizes estimated from lowfrequency activity(LFA, 0.5–30 Hz) were larger than those estimated from low-gamma activity(LGA, 30–60 Hz) and high-gamma activity(HGA, 60–150 Hz). We then took a rare opportunity to record LFPs and spiking activity via microwires in V1 simultaneously. We found that RF sizes and temporal profiles measured from LGA and HGA closely matched those from spiking activity. In sum, this study reveals that spiking activity of neurons in human visual cortex could be well approximated by LGA and HGA in RF estimation and temporal profile measurement, implying the pivotal functions of LGA and HGA in early visual information processing.

关键词： human visual cortex receptive field intracranial EEG local field potential spiking activity

Comparative transcriptome analysis between rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta) and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis)

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Zoological Research 2024年第2期45卷 299-310页

作者： Yu-Xiang Mao Yamei Li Zikun Yang Ning Xu Shilong Zhang Xuankai Wang Xiangyu Yang Qiang Sun Yafei Mao institute of neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCenter for Excellence in Brain Science&Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence Technology Shanghai 201210China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Genetic Evolution&Animal Models Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Bio-X institutes Key Laboratory for the Genetics of Developmental and Neuropsychiatric DisordersMinistry of EducationShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200030China Zhiyuan College Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Center for Genomic Research International Institutes of MedicineFourth Affiliated HospitalZhejiang UniversityYiwuZhejiang 322000China

Understanding gene expression variations between species is pivotal for deciphering the evolutionary diversity in phenotypes. Rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta, MMU)and crab-eating macaques(M. fascicularis, MFA) serve as crucial nonhuman primate biomedical models with different phenotypes. To date, however, large-scale comparative transcriptome research between these two species has not yet been fully explored. Here, we conducted systematic comparisons utilizing newly sequenced RNA-seq data from84 samples(41 MFA samples and 43 MMU samples)encompassing 14 common tissues. Our findings revealed a small fraction of genes(3.7%) with differential expression between the two species, as well as 36.5% of genes with tissue-specific expression in both macaques. Comparison of gene expression between macaques and humans indicated that 22.6% of orthologous genes displayed differential expression in at least two tissues. Moreover,19.41% of genes that overlapped with macaque-specific structural variants showed differential expression between humans and macaques. Of these, the FAM220A gene exhibited elevated expression in humans compared to macaques due to lineage-specific duplication. In summary,this study presents a large-scale transcriptomic comparison between MMU and MFA and between macaques and humans. The discovery of gene expression variations not only enhances the biomedical utility of macaque models but also contributes to the wider field of primate genomics.

关键词： Crab-eating macaques Rhesus macaques Comparative transcriptomics Biomedical models Nonhuman primates RNA-seq Duplicated genes

SH2B1 Tunes Hippocampal ERK Signaling to Influence Fluid Intelligence in Humans and Mice

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Research 2024年第3期2023卷 369-389页

作者： Xiujuan Du Yuhua Yan Juehua Yu Tailin Zhu Chu-Chung Huang Lingli Zhang Xingyue Shan Ren Li Yuan Dai Hui LV Xiao-Yong Zhang Jianfeng Feng Wei-Guang Li Qiang Luo Fei Li Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research and Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental HealthXinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric Department Shanghai Xinhua Children's HospitalShanghai 200092China National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine at Huashan Hospital Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-lnspired IntelligenceMinistry of Education-Key Laboratory of Computational Neuroscience and Brain-lnspired IntelligenceFudan UniversityShanghai 200433China State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain Science Institutes of Brain Science and Human Phenom InstituteFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics(Ministry of Education) School of Life SciencesEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China Department of Rehabilitation Medicine Huashan HospitalInstitute for Translational Brain ResearchState Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and Ministry of Education Frontiers Center for Brain ScienceFudan UniversityShanghai 200032China Center for Experimental Studies and Research The First Affliated Hospital of Kunming Medical UniversityKunming 650032China Shanghai Research Center for Brain Science and Brain-lnspired Intelligence Shanghai201210China institute of Cognitive neuroscience School of Psychology and Cognitive ScienceEast China Normal UniversityShanghai 200062China.

Fluid intelligence is a cognitive domain that encompasses general reasoning, pattern recognition, and problem-solving abilities independent of task-specific experience. Understanding its genetic and neural underpinnings is critical yet challenging for predicting human development, lifelong health, and well-being. One approach to address this challenge is to map the network of correlations between intelligence and other constructs. In the current study, we performed a genome-wide association study using fluid intelligence quotient scores from the UK Biobank to explore the genetic architecture of the associations between obesity risk and fluid intelligence. Our results revealed novel common genetic loci (SH2B1, TUFM, ATP2A1, and FOXO3) underlying the association between fluid intelligence and body metabolism. Surprisingly, we demonstrated that SH2B1 variation influenced fluid intelligence independently of its effects on metabolism but partially mediated its association with bilateral hippocampal volume. Consistently, selective genetic ablation of Sh2b1 in the mouse hippocampus, particularly in inhibitory neurons, but not in excitatory neurons, significantly impaired working memory, short-term novel object recognition memory, and behavioral flexibility, but not spatial learning and memory, mirroring the human intellectual performance. Single-cell genetic profiling of Sh2B1-regulated molecular pathways revealed that Sh2b1 deletion resulted in aberrantly enhanced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, whereas pharmacological inhibition of ERK signaling reversed the associated behavioral impairment. Our cross-species study thus provides unprecedented insight into the role of SH2B1 in fluid intelligence and has implications for understanding the genetic and neural underpinnings of lifelong mental health and well-being.

关键词： metabolism impaired reversed

Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation:anti-inflammatory effects in the brain

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第8期19卷 1671-1677页

作者： Yolanda Diz-Chaves Zainab Maastor Carlos Spuch José Antonio Lamas Lucas C.González-Matías Federico Mallo Biomedical Research Centre(CINBIO) Laboratory of EndocrinologyUniversity of VigoGalicia Sur Health Research InstituteVigoSpain Translational neuroscience Research Group Galicia Sur Health Research InstituteCIBERSAMHospitalÁlvaro CunqueiroSala InvestigaciónEstrada Clara CampoamorVigoSpain Biomedical Research Centre(CINBIO) Laboratory of NeuroscienceUniversity of VigoGalicia Sur Health Research InstituteVigoSpain

The glucagon-like peptide 1 is a pleiotropic hormone that has potent insulinotropic effects and is key in treating metabolic diseases such as diabetes and ***-like peptide 1 exerts its effects by activating a membrane receptor identified in many tissues,including diffe rent brain ***-like peptide 1 activates several signaling pathways related to neuroprotection,like the support of cell growth/survival,enhancement promotion of synapse formation,autophagy,and inhibition of the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines,microglial activation,and apoptosis during neural *** glial cells,including astrocytes and microglia,maintain metabolic homeostasis and defe nse against pathogens in the central nervous *** brain insult,microglia are the first cells to respond,followed by reactive *** activated cells produce proinflammato ry mediators like cytokines or chemokines to react to the ***,under these circumstances,mic roglia can become chro nically inflammatory by losing their homeostatic molecular signature and,consequently,their functions during many *** processes promote the development of neurological disorders and influence their pathological evolution:like the formation of protein aggregates,the accumulation of abnormally modified cellular constituents,the formation and release by injured neurons or synapses of molecules that can dampen neural function,and,of critical impo rtance,the dysregulation of inflammato ry control *** glucagonlike peptide 1 receptor agonist emerges as a critical tool in treating brain-related inflammatory pathologies,restoring brain cell homeostasis under inflammatory conditions,modulating mic roglia activity,and decreasing the inflammato ry *** review summarizes recent advances linked to the anti-inflammato ry prope rties of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation in the brain related to multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer’s disease,Parkins

关键词： astrocytes brain glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor inflammation microglia

Novel insights in phosphodiesterase 4 subtype inhibition to target neuroinflammation and stimulate remyelination

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 493-494页

作者： Melissa Schepers Tim Vanmierlo Department of neuroscience Biomedical Research InstituteFaculty of Medicine and Life SciencesHasselt UniversityHasseltBelgium Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology School for Mental Health and NeuroscienceMaastricht UniversityMaastrichtNetherlands University MS Center(UMSC)Hasselt-Pelt HasseltBelgium

In neurodegenerative and classically demyelinating disorders such as multiple sclerosis(MS),spinal cord injury(SCI),stroke,and Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease,glial functioning is compromised and nervous tissue integrity is ***,primary neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease,amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),and Parkinson’s disease(PD)are increasingly linked to impaired oligodendroglia functioning upon *** to the destructive micro-environment created by nervous tissue damage,the progressive cellular loss in these disorders,and the amitotic nature of neurons,spontaneous endogenous repair process are limited in ***,there is a medical need for efficient therapeutic strategies capable of supporting neuro-reparative processes to occur,likely supported by improved oligodendroglia cell functioning.

关键词： impaired inflammation Marie