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Numerical Study on Neck Injury Under Different Postures in Vehicle Side Impact

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2010年第3期19卷 318-323页

作者：李志刚张金换马春生赖庆鑫 state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy Tsinghua University

Neck injury is a severe problem in traffic *** most studies are focused on the neck injury in rear and front impacts,few are conducted in side *** study focuses on the difference of neck injury under different postures and the difference of 7 cervical vertebras under the same posture using the method of prescribed structure motion（PSM）.The analytical results show that the maximum changes of mean force and mean moment of 7 cervical vertebras under 8 different postures are 20% and 47% *** variation of each cervical vertebra is different under different neck *** cervical vertebras （C1-C4） and low cervical vertebras （C5-C7） suffer different forces and moments under the same neck *** speaking,No.6 （neck right leaning 40°） is the posture with lowest neck injury risk.

关键词： neck injury side impact prescribed structure motion (PSM) neck posture

Generalized Dual Symmetry Mechanical Performance of Nano Magnetic Composite

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上海交通大学学报 2004年第z2期38卷 48-53页

作者： Li Yong Song Jian Zhang Z.M Department of Applied Mechanics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing100081 China state key laboratory of automotive safety And energy Tsinghua University Beijing100084China State Key Laboratory of Automotive Safety And Energy Tsinghua University Beijing100084China Center of Solid Mechanics Beijing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsBeijing100083China

Nano magnetic composite is a kind of heterogeneous material. Scientists found the symmetrical and dual symmetrical phenomena in its structure previously and we find the generalized dual symmetry mechanical performance in Nano Magnetic Composite and further establish the theory. The applicable nano magnetic composite structure is analyzed thoroughly and systematically. Such phenomena as serration and step dispersing distribution of bending stress and mirror reflection of interlaminar stress are thus found. Therefore, starting from the physical features of materials, Nano Magnetic Composite are analyzed on the basis of the understanding and application of the generalized dual symmetry mechanical performance. In addition, the design parameter is optimized to attain the goal of maximizing the use of materials, which is quite meaningful.

关键词： nano magenetic composite dual symmetrical heterogeneous model

Impact,Challenges and Prospect of Software-Defined Vehicles

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automotive Innovation 2022年第2期5卷 180-194页

作者： Zongwei Liu Wang Zhang Fuquan Zhao state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina Tsinghua automotive Strategy Research Institute Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

Software-defined vehicles have been attracting increasing attentions owing to their impacts on the ecosystem of the automo-tive industry in terms of technologies,products,services and enterprise *** from the technology improve-ments of software-defined vehicles,this study systematically combs the impact of software-defined vehicles on the value ecology of automotive products and the automotive industrial ***,based on the current situation and demand of industrial development,the main challenges hindering the realization of software-defined vehicles are identified,including that traditional research and development models cannot adapt to the iterative demand of new automotive products;the transformation of enterprise capability faces multiple challenges;and many contradictions exist in the industrial division of ***,suggestions are put forward to address these challenges and provide decision-making recommendations for enterprises on strategy management.

关键词： Software-defined vehicle Industrial reconstruction automotive industry Strategic suggestions

Towards the Unified Principles for Level 5 Autonomous Vehicles

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Engineering 2021年第9期7卷 1313-1325页

作者： Jianqiang Wang Heye Huang Keqiang Li Jun Li state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

The rapid advance of autonomous vehicles(AVs)has motivated new perspectives and potential challenges for existing modes of ***,driving assistance systems of Level 3 and below have been widely produced,and several applications of Level 4 systems to specific situations have also been gradually *** improving the automation level and vehicle intelligence,these systems can be further advanced towards fully autonomous ***,general development concepts for Level 5 AVs remain unclear,and the existing methods employed in the development processes of Levels 0-4 have been mainly based on task-driven function development related to specific ***,it is difficult to identify the problems encountered by high-level *** essential logical and physical mechanisms of vehicles have hindered further progression towards Level 5 *** exploring the physical mechanisms behind high-level autonomous driving systems and analyzing the essence of driving,we put forward a coordinated and balanced framework based on the brain-cerebellum-organ concept through reasoning and *** on a mixed mode relying on the crow inference and parrot imitation approach,we explore the research paradigm of autonomous learning and prior knowledge to realize the characteristics of self-learning,self-adaptation,and self-transcendence for *** a systematic,unified,and balanced point of view and based on least action principles and unified safety field concepts,we aim to provide a novel research concept and develop an effective approach for the research and development of high-level AVs,specifically at Level 5.

关键词： Autonomous vehicle Principle of least action Driving safety field Autonomous learning Basic paradigm

Demonstration of a small‐scale power generator using supercritical CO_(2)

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Carbon energy 2024年第4期6卷 269-290页

作者： Ligeng Li Hua Tian Xin Lin Xianyu Zeng Yurong Wang Weilin Zhuge Lingfeng Shi Xuan Wang Xingyu Liang Gequn Shu state key laboratory of Engines Tianjin UniversityTianjinChina Department of Thermal Science and energy Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefeiChina state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy Tsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

The supercritical CO_(2)(sCO_(2))power cycle could improve efficiencies for a wide range of thermal power *** sCO_(2)turbine generator plays an important role in the sCO_(2)power cycle by directly converting thermal energy into mechanical work and electric *** operation of the generator encounters challenges,including high temperature,high pressure,high rotational speed,and other engineering problems,such as *** studies of sCO_(2)turbines are insufficient because of the significant difficulties in turbine manufacturing and system *** most experimental investigations that primarily focus on 100 kW‐or MW‐scale power generation systems,we consider,for the first time,a small‐scale power generator using sCO_(2).A partial admission axial turbine was designed and manufactured with a rated rotational speed of 40,000 rpm,and a CO_(2)transcritical power cycle test loop was constructed to validate the performance of our manufactured generator.A resistant gas was proposed in the constructed turbine expander to solve the leakage *** dynamic and steady performances were *** results indicated that a peak electric power of 11.55 kW was achieved at 29,369 *** maximum total efficiency of the turbo‐generator was 58.98%,which was affected by both the turbine rotational speed and pressure ratio,according to the proposed performance map.

关键词： generator performance map power generation supercritical CO_(2) turbine

A Computer Graphics-Based Framework for 3D Pose Estimation of Pedestrians

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automotive Innovation 2021年第3期4卷 338-349页

作者： Jisi Tang Qing Zhou state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy School of Vehicle and MobilityTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

In pedestrian-to-vehicle collision accidents,adapting safety measures ahead of time based on actual pose of pedestrians is one of the core objectives for integrated *** can significantly enhance the performance of passive safety system when active safety maneuvers fail to avoid *** study proposes a deep learning model to estimate 3D pose of pedestrians from *** conventional pedestrian image datasets do not have available pose features to work with,a computer graphics-based(CG)framework is established to train the system with synthetic *** 3D meshes of standing males are first transformed into several walking poses,and then rendered as images from multiple view ***,a matrix of 50 anthropometries,10 gaits and 12 views is built,in total of 6000 images.A two-branch convolutional neural network(CNN)was trained on the synthetic *** model can simultaneously predict 16 joint landmarks and 14 joint angles of pedestrian for each image with high *** errors of the predictions are 0.54 pixels and−0.06°,*** specific pose can then be completely reconstructed from the ***,the current study has established a CG-based pipeline to generate photorealistic images with desired features for the training;it demonstrates the feasibility of leveraging CNN to estimate the pose of a walking pedestrian from synthesized *** proposed framework provides a starting point for vehicles to infer pedestrian poses and then adapt protection measures accordingly for imminent impact to minimize pedestrian injuries.

关键词： Pose estimation Pedestrian safety Computer graphics Convolutional neural network

Influence of flange location on axial deformation stability of double-hat structure

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Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology 2012年第1期21卷 41-49页

作者：武雪原夏勇周青 state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy Department of Automotive EngineeringTsinghua University

A new structural configuration with better impact stability for increasing energy absorbing efficiency is found. Based on finite element analysis, deformation modes of double-hat structure under axial impact loading are categorized to find the main reasons that affect deformation stability. It is revealed that, in a double-hat structure, the location of the flanges is highly related to the deform- ation mode and energy absorbing efficiency. Moving the flanges away from their traditional mid-loca- tion may result in more regular and stable deformation mode and achieve higher energy absorbing ef- ficiency. The flange offset value needs to be controlled within a certain range, otherwise, the doub- le-hat structure would tend to deform like a top-hat structure and the energy absorbing efficiency could be compromised. These findings and analyses lead to a new structural design configuration- asymmetric flange locations--for enhancing the deformation mode stability in double-hat structures.

关键词： double-hat structure structural stability plastic deformation energy absorbing effi- ciency

Vehicle survival patterns in china

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Science china(Technological Sciences) 2011年第3期54卷 625-629页

作者： HAO Han WANG HeWu OUYANG MingGao CHENG Fei state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China china automotive energy Research Center (CAERC) Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

The vehicle survival pattern describes the process that the survival ratio of vehicles decreases with the growth of vehicle age. Vehicle average life span and vehicle scrappage intensity are the key features of vehicle survival patterns and are important for the projection of china's vehicle scrappage and ownership. In this study, we modeled the vehicle survival patterns of nine classifications of vehicles in china by employing the Weibull distribution, and obtained the vehicle survival ratio functions. It is estimated that the average life spans of private passenger vehicles, government and business vehicles, non-operating buses, heavy duty, medium duty and light duty trucks are 14.5, 13.1, 11.5, 12.8, 10.1, and 8 years, respectively. The scrappage intensities of these vehicles are similar. Average life spans of taxis, transit buses and non-transit operating buses are 5, 9, and 5.5 years with the pattern of mandatory scrappage. Vehicle scrappages in china are mainly regulated by the upper limits of vehicle distances traveled specified by the compulsory scrappage standards.

关键词： vehicle survival pattern average life span scrappage intensity

Fault Location Identification for Localized Intermittent Connection Problems on CAN Networks

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2014年第5期27卷 1038-1046页

作者： LEI Yong YUAN Yong SUN Yichao state key laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control Zhejiang University state key laboratory of automotive safety and energy Tsinghua University

The intermittent connection（IC）of the field-bus in networked manufacturing systems is a common but hard troubleshooting network problem,which may result in system level failures or safety ***,there is no online IC location identification method available to detect and locate the position of the *** tackle this problem,a novel model based online fault location identification method for localized IC problem is ***,the error event patterns are identified and classified according to different node sources in each error *** generalized zero inflated Poisson process（GZIP）model for each node is established by using time stamped error event ***,the location of the IC fault is determined by testing whether the parameters of the fitted stochastic model is statistically significant or not using the confident intervals of the estimated *** illustrate the proposed method,case studies are conducted on a 3-node controller area network（CAN）test-bed,in which IC induced faults are imposed on a network drop cable using computer controlled on-off *** experimental results show the parameters of the GZIP model for the problematic node are statistically significant（larger than 0）,and the patterns of the confident intervals of the estimated parameters are directly linked to the problematic node,which agrees with the experimental *** proposed online IC location identification method can successfully identify the location of the drop cable on which IC faults occurs on the CAN network.

关键词： CAN network fault location identification GZIP model intermittent connection