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Challenges and countermeasures for developing countries in addressing loss and damage caused by climate change

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第2期15卷 353-363页

作者： Shuo LIU Yu-E LI Bin WANG An-Dong CAI Chao FENG Hua LAN Ruo-Chen ZHAO Institute of Environment and Sustainable development in Agriculture Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsBeijing 100081China China Clean Development Mechanism Fund Management Center Beijing 100045China School of International Law China University of Political Science and LawBeijing 100088China

Loss and damage caused by extreme climate events have attracted increasing attention.The 28th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(hereinafter referred to as the Convention)has agreed to adopt Loss and Damage fund agreement,which identified the source of funding and the funds to be entrusted to the World Bank.However,there is still ambiguous that how to allocate the funds could accelerate the effectiveness of meeting the needs for developing countries.Pre-disaster prevention and preparedness is one of the most effective measures to deal with loss and damage,which closely related to adaptation.Previous studies rarely analyzed quantitatively the financial needs of pre-disaster prevention and preparedness relating to adaptation to reduce loss and damage.Based on the official reports submitted by countries under the Convention,this study analyzes the annual change in the total financial support provided by developed countries to developing countries,the proportion of pre-disaster prevention and preparedness in the adaptation needs of developing countries,and the progress in raising the current annual funding target of 100 billion USD for developed countries,to reveal the financial and technical challenges facing by developing countries on addressing loss and damage.The results show that by 2030,the total adaptation financial needs of developing countries are estimated to be about 3.8 trillion USD,of which pre-disaster prevention matters account for about 9%.Therefore,by 2030,developing countries will need about 342 billion USD in pre-disaster prevention and preparedness finance to withstand loss and damage.In addition,developing countries face a lack of technical methods to quantify information about their needs.Based on the above analysis,this study puts forward countermeasures and suggestions,including strengthening the allocation amount of loss and damage fund on pre-disaster warning,prevention and control actions,and establishing track modalities on the finance pr

关键词： Loss and damage funding mechanism Pre-disaster warning and preparedness Convention negotiations Countermeasures

一种基于节点鉴别的水下传感器网络协同干扰方案

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Journal of Marine Science and Application 2022年第2期21卷 197-209页

作者：苏毅珊刘尧范榕李路裕范慧丽张舒 School of Electrical and Information Engineering Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China china Ship development and Design center Wuhan 430000China

Cooperative jamming(CJ)is one of the important methods to solve security problems of underwater acoustic sensor networks(UASNs).In this paper,we propose a Cooperative Jamming Scheme based on Node Authentication for UASNs to improve the effect of CJ by selecting suitable jamming source for found illegal nodes.In the node authentication,all nodes will be identified by their trust value(TV).TV is calculated according to three types of evidence:channel-based trust evidence,behavior-based trust evidence and energy-based trust evidence.Besides,to deal with cases where legal nodes may be suspected,the historical TV and trust redemption will be considered when calculating TV.In cooperative jamming,according to the link quality,several nodes are selected to jam illegal nodes.Both simulation and field experiment show that the proposed scheme can accurately find the illegal nodes in the time-vary channel and improve the security of the network.

关键词： underwater acoustic sensor networks(UASNs) physical layer security cooperative jamming physical layer authentication trust management mechanism

Basic Path and System Construction of Green and Low-Carbon Agricultural development with Respect to the Strategic Target of Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality

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china Economic Transition 2023年第1期6卷 34-56页

作者： WANG Xueting ZHANG Junbiao College of Economics and management Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Hubei Rural development Research center Wuhan 430070China Laboratory of Green and Low-Carbon development in Agriculture Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China

The Dual Carbon strategy,which is aimed at achieving carbon peaking and carbon neutrality,is one of china's major strategiesinthecomingperiod.Agriculture is both an important source of greenhouse gas and a huge carbon sink system.To promote the Dual Carbon strategy,it is crucial for china to lay emphasis on green and low-carbon agricultural development.To achieve carbon peaking,agricultural carbonreduction and sequestration are significant means and haveegreat potential.Thisspaper firstly reviews the current situation of green and lowcarbon agricultural developmen.t.At present,the total agricultural carbon emissions in china are approaching the peak smoothly,and the proportion of carbon emissionsSgenerated by the use of such modern agricultural inputssas fertilizer and on-farm energy increases.Meanwhile,the operation of agricultural ecosystems in china demonstrates the strong capacity to absorb carbon.Then,the paper analyzes the main problems existing in green and low-carbon agricultural development,including excessive agricultural inputs and excessive consumption of fossil energy,the low utilization rate of agricultural resources,insufficient technical reserves for green and low-carbon agricultural development,and a weak supporting system.In the next part,the paper elaborates on the basic path and measures to realize green and low-carbon agriculturalddevelopment,such as strengthening the conservation of agricultural resources and improving the efficiency of resource utilization;enhancing the comprehensive treatment of agricultural non-point source pollution,realizing the reduction and efficiency of fertilizer and pesticide,resource utilization of agricultural wastes,and effective control of white agricultural pollution;cultivating,expanding and strengthening green and low-carbon agricultural industries,and greening the whole industrial chain of agricultural products from production,processing tocirculation;increasing scientific and technological innovation and building a scientific and technological support syst

关键词： carbon peaking carbon neutrality green and low-carbon agricultural.development basic path system construction

Profit Constraint, Ownership Structure and Indigenous Innovation

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china Economist 2019年第2期14卷 114-129页

作者：李勇 School of Economics and management Northwest University Xi’an China Research Center of West China’s Economic Development

Under a logical self-consistent theoretical framework, this paper discusses SOEs' innovation efficiency and innovation conundrum facing Chinese local firms. By creating a theoretical model of endogenous technology level, this paper finds that credit discrimination and soft budget constraint have both a crowding out effect and compensatory effect on corporate innovation. When firms engage in less profitable innovation, the compensatory effect outweighs crowding out effect, and a higher share of SOEs will promote the overall level of innovation. On the contrary, when firms engage in more profitable innovation, the compensatory effect is smaller than crowding out effect, and a higher share of SOEs will diminish overall innovation. In this sense, SOE innovation exhibits a threshold characteristic. Then, this paper carries out an empirical test using the inter-provincial panel data of 1997-2013, which proves our assumption. Finally, this paper arrives at conclusions and policy implications.

关键词： SOEs compensatory effect crowding out effect threshold characteristic

R2R3-type Lo MYB21 affects jasmonate-regulated development and dehiscence of anthers in lily(Lilium oriental hybrids)

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第1期10卷 239-251页

作者： Zheng Tong Tingting Dong Qiuhua Li Rui Wang Junna He Bo Hong Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences&Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural ResourcesHaikouHainan 571101China Beijing Key Laboratory of development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops Department of Ornamental HorticultureChina Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193China Beijing Garden Expo management center Beijing 100072China

Lilies are widely cultivated for cut flowers,but their large anthers carry a considerable amount of colored pollen that is dispersed easily.Studying the molecular mechanism of anther development and dehiscence could help solve this problem.LoMYB21,encoding a putative R2R3v-myb avian myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog(MYB)transcription factor,was identified from oriental lilies(Lilium‘Siberia’).Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that LoMYB21 was mainly expressed in the anther,filament and stigma and had high expression during the late stages of lily anther development.LoMYB21 had transactivation activity and was located in the nucleus through yeast one-hybrid assays and transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana.Suppression of LoMYB21 by virus-induced gene silencing(VIGS)in Lilium‘Siberia’led to anther indehiscence and reduced the expression of genes related to Jasmonate acid(JA)biosynthesis and signal transduction.Induction of LoMYB21 in DEX::LoMYB21 transgenic Arabidopsis caused procumbent inflorescences that became infertile,accompanied by higher expression of JA biosynthetic and signaling genes.These results demonstrated that JA content and signaling were abnormal in silenced lily and transgenic LoMYB21 Arabidopsis,which affected anther development.Our study indicated that LoMYB21 could regulate lily anther dehiscence through JA biosynthesis and signaling during the late stages of anther development.

关键词： Lilium LoMYB21 Anther dehiscence Jasmonate acid

Prospect Theory and the Newsvendor Problem with Mental Accounting

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Journal of Systems Science and Systems Engineering 2020年第5期29卷 525-536页

作者： Bojun Gu Xiang Zhang School of Economics and management Zhejiang Ocean UniversityZhoushan 316022China School of management and Economics Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Sustainable development Research Institute for Economy and Society of Beijing Beijing 100081China

The manner in which economic outcomes are coded in a value function is critical because it has substantial influence on the evaluation of risky choices.In this paper,we formulate multiple mental accounts in a nonlinear value function and propose a newsvendor problem with mental accounting to predict and explain pull-to-center phenomenon.We show that the distinctive predictions of the proposed model come from the value function with mental accounting.We identify the individual and combined effects of loss aversion,risk aversion,and risk seeking on shaping newsvendor ordering behavior.Our work demonstrates that prospect theory can explain the decision bias and ordering behavior observed in newsvendor experiments.We also provide some additional insights to explain the studies in the literature.

关键词： Prospect theory mental accounting newsvendor problem decision bias pull-to-center phenomenon

Real-time energy-efficient anticipative driving control of connected and automated hybrid electric vehicles

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Control Theory and Technology 2022年第2期20卷 210-220页

作者： Shiying Dong Hong Chen Lulu Guo Qifang Liu Bingzhao Gao State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin UniversityChangchun 130025JilinChina Department of Control Science and Engineering Jilin UniversityChangchun 130025JilinChina Department of Control Science and Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China clean Energy Automotive Engineering center Tongji UniversityShanghai 200092China

In this paper,we propose a real-time energy-efficient anticipative driving control strategy for connected and automated hybrid electric vehicles(HEVs).Considering the inherent complexities brought about by the velocity profile optimization and energy management control,a hierarchical control architecture in the model predictive control(MPC)framework is developed for real-time implementation.In the higher level controller,a novel velocity optimization problem is proposed to realize safe and energy-efficient anticipative driving.The real-time control actions are derived through a computationally efficient algorithm.In the lower level controller,an explicit solution of the optimal torque split ratio and gear shift schedule is introduced for following the optimal velocity profile obtained from the higher level controller.The comparative simulation results demonstrate that the proposed strategy can achieve approximately 13%fuel consumption saving compared with a benchmark strategy.

关键词： Connected and automated vehicle Hybrid electric vehicle Anticipative driving Hierarchical control architecture Real-time solution

Assessment of the macro-economic impacts of low-carbon road transportation policies in Chongqing,china

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2020年第4期11卷 429-441页

作者： TAN Xian-Chun ZENG Yuan GU Bai-He TANG Jie WANG Dong GUO Jian-Xin Institutes of Science and development Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China School of Economics and management Harbin Institute of TechnologyShenzhen518055China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190China

Reductions in the transportation sector's carbon dioxide emissions are increasingly of global concern.As one of the first low-carbon pilot and carbon trading pilot cities,and as one of the largest automobile production bases in china,Chongqing has multiple low-carbon transportation policies that are coupled.In this study,three policy scenarios are set,including:1)improving the fuel economy of newly sold gasoline passenger cars to 5.71 per 100 km by 2020,2)promoting pure electric private cars to increase the share to 7% of private car sales by 2020,and 3)the policy mix scenario of the above two policies.Simulations are undertaken with the Chinese Academy of Sciences general equilibrium(CAS-GE)model,a type of computable GE model,to assess the macro-economic impact and the industrial impact of the three policy scenarios.Through the policy impact mechanism analysis and data-mapping process,the micro-economic impact analysis results,including costs and fuel savings,for the two policies from the bottom-up model are taken as the shock variables and inputs for the CAS-GE model.The results show that:1)the two policies will both have a slightly negative impact(-0.09% and -0.30%)on Chongqing's GDP in 2020;2)the employment rate will decrease by 0.12% and 0.47%,but the inflation rate will be restrained to a certain extent(-0.21% and -0.17%);and 3)the complementarity of the mixed policy can weaken the negative impact of the two policies when implemented separately.The mixed policy will reduce the GDP slightly by 0.37%,compared with the cumulative effect of the two policies implemented separately,resulting in cost-effective synergies at the macroeconomic impact level;and 4)the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 has an uncertain impact on the results.The method and results can provide a reference for the formulation and adjustment of low-carbon transportation policies in other large cities.

关键词： Low-carbon road transportation policies Policy impact mechanism Macro-economic impact modeling Mixed policy analysis Chongqing

Analysis of wave clipping effects of plain reservoir artificial islands based on MIKE21 SW model

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Water Science and Engineering 2019年第3期12卷 179-187页

作者： Yan Xiang Zhi-min Fu Ying Meng Kai Zhang Zheng-fei Cheng Dam Safety management center of Ministry of Water Resources Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing 210029 China State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing 210029 China Key Laboratory of Failure mechanism and Safety Control Techniques of Earth-Rock Dam Ministry of Water Resources Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute Nanjing 210029 China College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University Nanjing 210098 China

Plain reservoirs are shallow, and have low dams and widespread water surfaces.Therefore, wind-wave-induced damage to the dam is one of the important factors affecting the safety of the reservoir.To improve upon unsatisfactory plain reservoir wave-clipping schemes, a numerical method is proposed to predict and analyze waves in the reservoir in the presence of artificial islands, constructed from dredged sediment.The MIKE21 SW model is applied to a specific plain reservoir for finding the optimal artificial island parameters.The simulated wave height attenuation results are seen to agree well with empirically predicted values.Thus, the validity and reliability of the numerical model are established.Artificial islands at suitable locations in the reservoir can attenuate the wave heights by approximately 10%e30%, which justifies the efficacy of the clipping scheme making use of dredging and island construction.

关键词： Plain reservoirs Sediment deposition Clipping via island construction MIKE21 SW Numerical simulation