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A fast and effective method to perform paternity testing for Wolong giant pandas

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2011年第24期56卷 2559-2564页

作者： LI DeSheng CUI HengMin WANG ChengDong LING ShanShan HUANG Zhi ZHANG HeMin china research and conservation center for the giant panda Ya'an 625000 China Medical College of Animal Sichuan Agricultural University Ya'an 625000 China Key Laboratory of conservation Biology for Endangered Wildlife of the Ministry of Education and State conservation center for Gene Resources of Endangered Wildlife Hangzhou 310058 China

Captive populations provide a precious genetic resource for endangered animals and a source of individuals for reintroduction to depleted habitats. Therefore, accuracy in determining paternity is of vital importance for managing captive populations and in selecting representative individuals of known genetic characteristics for release. In this study, we established a fast and effective method to conduct paternity testing for captive giant pandas in the Wolong population. This technique uses two highly polymor phic microsatellites initially, subsequent use of five less polymorphic markers and then paternity exclusion testing carried out using the giant panda paternity exclusion program we have developed. Our results revealed that (1) both sets of markers success- fully identified the real fathers in 25 cases of paternity testing and (2) the success rate of paternity exclusion varied with the degree of polymorphism of the markers used. Subsequently, we conducted correlation analysis between the success rates of paterni- ty identification with these markers, parameters of genetic diversity and tests of neutrality. We found that the paternity exclusion power of microsatellites was significantly correlated with the number of alleles (Na), expected heterozygosity (HE) and observed homozygosity statistic (FO) (all P giant pandas.

关键词：圈养大熊猫亲子鉴定卧龙多态性位点分子生物学技术多态标记圈养种群遗传资源

giant pandas use odor cues to discriminate kin from nonkin

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Current Zoology 2016年第4期62卷 333-336页

作者： Oranit GILAD Ronald R. SWAISGOOD Megan A. OWEN Xiaoping ZHOU Department of Biology Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA Institute for conservation research San Diego Zoo Global Escondido CA 92027 USA china research and conservation center for the giant panda Wolong Sichuan 623006 China

Sociality is an important factor in both the mechanism and function of kin recognition, yet it is little explored in solitary species. While there may be future opportunities for nepotistic functions of kin discrimination among solitary species, the ability to discriminate kin from nonkin may still have important roles in social regulation. The solitary giant panda Ailuropoda melanoleuca offers a good model system to explore kin discrimination in a solitary mammal. As kin discrimination in many other mammals is olfactorily mediated, we investigated whether giant pandas are able to discriminate odor cues from daughters even after months and years of separation. Our results indicate that giant pandas are capable of discriminating between kin and nonkin using odor cues available in urine and body odor. Daughters preferentially investigated the odors of unrelated adult female pandas over the odors of their mothers, and mothers spent more time investigating the odors of unrelated age- matched female pandas over those from their daughters. Because these studies were conducted months or years after the mother-daughter period of dependency ended, it is still unclear what mechanism is used for recognition. Long-term olfactory memories and phenotype matching should both be considered, and further studies are required for such determination.

关键词： chemical communication giant panda kin discrimination.

giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)neonates use broadband calls to communicate with their mothers

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Integrative Zoology 2024年第2期19卷 277-287页

作者： Lin ZHAO Jianbin CHENG Wen ZENG Bo YANG Guiquan ZHANG Desheng LI Hemin ZHANG Christina DBUESCHING Dingzhen LIU Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological EngineeringCollege of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on conservation Biology of Rare Animals in The giant panda National Park China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant PandaDujiangyanSichuan611830China Department of Biology Irving K.Barber Faculty of ScienceUniversity of British ColumbiaOkanaganKelownaBritish ColumbiaCanada

Infant call structure should have evolved to elicit maximum maternal attention and *** of giant pandas produce three types of vocalizations reported to be vitally important in the context of mother–infant ***,how cubs,0–15 days old,communicate with their mothers to elicit maternal care remains *** analyzed 12 different call parameters of 3475 squawks,1355 squalls,and 491 croaks from 11 captive giant panda(Ailuropoda melanoleuca)neonates from age 0 to 15 *** playback experiments,we also tested whether mothers could detect *** results show that neonates use broadband calls with ultrasonic frequencies up to 65 kHz to convey information about their physiological needs and to attract maternal *** playback experiments,we tested if mothers reacted differently to broadband calls(BBC)than to artificially altered calls that included only frequencies20 kHz(USC).Playback confirmed that,although adult females responded significantly less often to USC,BBC than to or AUDC,they could detect USC,BBC and generally made appropriate behavioral responses,indicating a potential benefit for neonates to utilize ultrasonic and broadband *** findings provide a new insight into mother–infant communication in giant pandas and will be helpful for reducing the mortality of cubs,younger than 1 month old,in captivity.

关键词： acoustic communication broadband calls maternal care neonates ultrasonic frequencies

High-throughput sequencing analysis of the regulation of intestinal flora in giant pandas with indigestion using a probiotic agent LyPB

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Journal of Forestry research 2020年第6期31卷 2589-2595页

作者： Yu Zhang Zhi Zhang Jianzhang Ma Bo Luo Guiquan Zhang Guocai Zhang Kexin Yang Gang Wei School of Forestry Northeast Forestry UniversityHarbin 150040People’s Republic of China china conservation and research center for giant panda Ya’anPeople’s Republic of China School of Computer Science and Technology Harbin Institute of TechnologyHarbinPeople’s Republic of China

This study aimed to investigate the eff ect of LyPB on the intestinal microfl ora of giant pandas with indigestion,using high-throughput sequencing(HTS)*** species distribution and microfl oral density and diversity before and after administration of the LyPB probiotic agent were *** evidently has the ability to adjust the fl oral imbalance in the panda’s *** test the eff ects of LyPB on the microfl ora of the panda gut,fecal samples were taken from a healthy giant panda(Anan)without administration of LyPB and from a dyspeptic giant panda Yangyang before and after LyPB *** with the sample obtained from healthy Anan(anan-c)and that obtained from dyspeptic Yangyang before LyPB administration(yangyang1),the sample taken from Yangyang(yangyang2)after LyPB administration displayed a signifi cant increase in the operational taxonomic unit *** increase in the Chao index indicated an increase in the microfl oral richness,while an increase in the Shannon index indicated an increase in microfl oral *** phylum and genus levels,a signifi cant increase was observed in the density of probiotic bacteria of phylum fi rmicutes,genus Streptococcus,while a drastic reduction in the density of Escherichia coli/Escherichia coli Shigella/bacteria of genus Shigella was *** obtained in this study shows that LyPB preparations successfully improve the microbial structure within the panda’s intestinal canal by signifi cantly increasing the eff ective microbial community and decreasing the number of pathogenic microbes.

关键词： High-throughput sequencing Intestinal fl ora pandas Indigestion LyPB

Impact of earthquake-induced landslide on the habitat suitability of giant panda in Wolong,china

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第10期13卷 1789-1805页

作者： MENG Qing-kai MIAO Fang ZHEN Jing HUANG Yan WANG Xin-yuan PENG Ying State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture Qinghai UniversityXining 810016China Chengdu University of Technology Chengdu 610059China center for Earth Observation and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of sciencesBeijing 100094China Wolong Nature Reserve China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant pandaDujiangyan 611800China

Massive geological landslides and unstable landslide areas were triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. These landslides caused deaths, damaged infrastructure and threatened endanger species. This study analyzed the impact of landslides on giant pandas and their habitats from the following aspects: threatening pandas‘ lives, damaging pandas‘ habitat, influencing giant panda behavior, increasing habitat fragmentation; the final aspect, and blocking gene flow by cutting off corridors. A habitat suitability map was created by integrating the landslide factors with other traditional factors based on a logistics regression method. According to the landslide inventory map, there are 1313 landslides, 818 rock debris flows, 117 rock avalanches and 43 mud flows occurred in the study area. A correlation analysis indicated that landslides caused the pandas to migrate, and the core landslides within 1 km2 had greater influence on panda migration. These core landslides primarily occurred in mid-altitude regionscharacterized by high slopes, old geological ages, large areas and large rock mass volumes. The habitat suitability assessment results for the Wolong Natural Reserve had better prediction performance(80.9%) and demonstrated that 14.5%, 15.9%, 20.5%, 47.6% and 1.5% of the study area can be classified as very high, high, moderate, low and very low giant panda suitability areas, respectively. This study can be used to inform panda and panda habitat research, management and protection during post-quake reconstruction and recovery periods in china.

关键词： giant panda Landslide Habitat suitability Earthquake Environmental impact

Cross-modal signaling in giant pandas

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2012年第4期57卷 344-348页

作者： XU Meng WANG ZhiPeng LIU DingZhen WEI RongPing ZHANG GuiQuan ZHANG HeMin ZHOU XiaoPing LI DeSheng Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory for Reproduction and conservation Genetics of Endangered Wildlife of Sichuan China Conservation and Research Center for the Giant PandaWolong 623006China

For solitary species that aggregate to breed, signals, such as sound or odor, transmitted across the landscape can play an important role in mate choice and coordinating breeding activity. Recent work on vocalizations of the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), bleats and chirps that are emitted during periods of reproductive activity, has revealed that auditory communication in this species is more complicated and developed than once believed. However, playback experiments using these calls have recorded only a few behaviors over short observation times and the influence of these calls on the signaling behavior of receivers remains unknown. Here, we present results from a pilot study in which we played the bleats of male and female giant pandas in estrus to captive animals and measured vocal and chemical signaling response behavior. We found an increase in scent marking behavior, but not vocalizations, in males and females following the playback of calls made by members of the opposite sex in estrus. To our knowledge, this is the first study to detect a chemical communication response, which was marking, to an auditory signal in giant pandas. Our findings reveal a previously unknown relationship between acoustic and chemical signals in this high profile species and suggest that these two forms of signaling may be interdependent in the social lives of giant pandas.

关键词：雌性大熊猫化学信号模态反应行为发达国家观测时间实验记录标记行为

Seasonal variations in the plant diet of the Chinese Monal revealed by fecal DNA metabarcoding analysis

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Avian research 2022年第2期13卷 208-215页

作者： Bin Wang Yun Li Guiquan Zhang Jian Yang Cao Deng Haoyu Hu Long Zhang Xiaoqin Xu Caiquan Zhou Key Laboratory of Southwest china Wildlife Resources conservation(Ministry of Education) China West Normal UniversityNanchong637002China Institute of Ecology China West Normal UniversityNanchong637002China Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassl and Administration on conservation Biology of Rare Animalsin the giant panda National Park(china conservation and research center for the giant panda) Dujiangyan611830China Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province College of Veterinary MedicineSichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu611130China Institute of Chinese Materia Medica China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijing100700China

The Chinese Monal(Lophophorus thuysii)is an alpine-obligate galliform species of global conservation *** has been listed as a first class protected wildlife species in china,requiring conservation actions during the 14 th Five-Year Plan ***,the diet composition of Chinese Monal and its seasonal variations have rarely been studied,constraining the effective conservation of the ***,we investigated the plant diet composition of the Chinese Monal and its seasonal variations using a DNA metabarcoding approach on fecal *** collected 190 fecal samples of the Chinese Monals from the central Qionglai Mountains located in china,and analyzed the plant diet of this species using a DNA metabarcoding *** profiling of higher plants in the fecal samples was performed using the second internal transcribed spacer(ITS2)*** analyses,including rarefaction curves,nonmetric multidimensional scaling(NMDS)and permutational multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA),were used to explore the seasonal variations in diet *** Chinese Monal foraged a wide range of plant recipes composed of 35 families and 83 genera throughout the year,with Brassicaceae,Apiaceae,and Poaceae as the dominant families,and Cardamine as the dominant *** species consumed plants from 62 genera from 28 families during the breeding season(n=81)and 66 genera from 31 families during the non-breeding season(n=109).Further,the plant diet composition significantly varied between the breeding and non-breeding seasons,especially for the frequency of occurrence and relative read abundances at genus *** study analyzed the plant diet of the Chinese Monal at a high resolution for the first time,and the results revealed that the seasonal variations in its plant diet composition was adapted to plant phenology and foraging *** species,a previously confirmed important food resource for the Chinese Monal,were not detected in any fe

关键词： Chinese monal conservation management Diet seasonality DNA metabarcoding Endangered species

Microsatellite variability reveals high genetic diversity and low genetic differentiation in a critical giant panda population

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 717-724页

作者： Jiandong YANG Zhihe ZHANG Fujun SHEN Xuyu YANG Liang ZHANG Limin CHEN Wenping ZHANG Qing ZHU Rong HOU College of Animal Science Sichuan Agricultural University Ya＇an 625014 China The Key Laboratory for conservation Biology of Endangered Wildlife Sichuan Province Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding Chengdu 610081 China Wildlife conservation Division Sichuan Forestry Department Chengdu 610082 China Tangjiahe National Nature Reserve Guangyuan 628109 Sichuan China

Understanding present patterns of genetic diversity is critical in order to design effective conservation and manage- ment strategies for endangered species. Tangjiahe Nature Reserve （NR） is one of the most important national reserves for giant pandas Ailuropoda melanoleuca in china. Previous studies have shown that giant pandas in Tangjiahe NR may be threatened by population decline and fragmentation. Here we used 10 microsatellite DNA markers to assess the genetic variability in the Tang- jiahe population. The results indicate a low level of genetic differentiation between the Hongshihe and Motianling subpopulations in the reserve. Assignment tests using the Bayesian clustering method in STRUCTURE identified one genetic cluster from 42 in- dividuals of the two subpopulations. All individuals from the same subpopulation were assigned to one cluster. This indicates high gene flow between subpopulations. F statistic analyses revealed a low Fzs-value of 0.024 in the total population and implies a randomly mating population in Tangjiahe NR. Additionally, our data show a high level of genetic diversity for the Tangjiahe population. Mean allele number （A）, Allelic richness （AR） and mean expected heterozygosity （HE） for the Tangjiahe population was 5.9, 5.173 and 0.703, respectively. This wild giant panda population can be restored through concerted effort

关键词： Ailuropoda melanoleuca Microsatellite Genetic diversity Genetic differentiation Tangjiahe Nature Reserve

A Case Study of Applying Metagenomic Sequencing in Precise Epidemiology for the COVID-19 Pandemic-Sichuan Province, china, 2020

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china CDC weekly 2020年第47期2卷 897-901页

作者： Jianan Xu Ye Wang You Li Huiping Yang Ming Pan Jian Liu Lina Shi Yuliang Feng Li Liu Jin Li Li Zhang Shusen He Sichuan Provincial center for Disease Control and Prevention ChengduSichuanChina HitGen Inc. ChengduSichuanChina Sichuan Key Laboratory of conservation Biology on Endangered Wildlife Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda BreedingChengduSichuanChina

Introduction:Determining the transmission chain of a virus in its incipient stages is extremely time consuming in traditional approaches that rely mainly on case incidence and interview-based contact *** the development of high-throughput sequencing technology,genome-based epidemiology approach is showing promise in detecting viral ***,there is still insufficient evidence for the relationship between the viral genetic variations and real viral ***:To explore the possible relationship between transmission chains and viral genetic variations,we combined both epidemiological data and viral genomes of COVID-19 virus collected from Sichuan Province.A phylogenetic approach was used to infer the transmission chain,which was then compared to the transmission chain that came from epidemiological ***:We found that the putative transmission chains were highly concordant to the true transmission chains from epidemiological data,suggesting a strong correlation between viral genetic variations and the viral transmission ***:Our results showed advantages of viral genomic sequencing in tracking and perceiving pathogen transmission,which allowed for potential improvements in the design and implementation of population-level public health interventions.

关键词： chains interview consuming