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Homogenization and trend analysis of 1960–2015 in situ sea surface temperature observations along the coast of china

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2021年第5期40卷 36-46页

作者： Yan Li Qingyuan Wang Guoyu Ren Guosong Wang Qingliang Zhou College of Life Sciences and Oceanography Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518061China Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou) Guangzhou 511458China Tianjin Meteorological Observatory Tianjin 300074China School of Environmental Studies China University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China national Climate Center Beijing 100081China national Marine Data and Information service Tianjin 300171China national Meteorological Center Beijing 100081China

Sea surface temperature(SST)measurements from 26 coastal hydrological stations of china during 1960–2015 were homogenized and analyzed in this *** homogenous surface air temperature(SAT)series from meteorological stations which were highly correlated to SST series was used to construct the reference *** mean SST series were then derived and subjected to a statistical homogeneity test,called penalized maximal t *** monthly mean SST series were obtained by adjusting all significant change points which were supported by historic metadata *** show that the majority of break points are caused by instrument change and station relocation,which accounts for about 61.3%and 24.2%of the total break points,*** regionally averaged annual homogeneous SST series from the 26 stations shows a warming trend(0.19℃ per decade).This result is consistent with that based on the homogenized annual mean SAT at the same region(0.22℃ per decade),while the regionally averaged mean original SST series from the same stations shows a much weaker warming of 0.09℃ per decade for 1960–*** finding suggests that the effects of artificial change points on the result of trend analysis are remarkable,and the warming rate from original SST observations since 1960 may be *** a high quality homogenized observation is crucial for robust detection and assessment of regional climate ***,the trends of the seasonal mean homogenized SST were also *** work confirmed that there was an asymmetric seasonal temperature trends in the Chinese coastal water in the past decades,with the largest warming rate occurring in *** last,the significant warming in winter and its relationships to the variability of three large-scale atmospheric modes were investigated.

关键词： SST homogenization observation system changes penalized maximal t test

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Effect of aging treatment on the microstructures and mechanical properties evolution of 25Cr-20Ni austenitic stainless steel weldments with different Nb contents

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2019年第4期35卷 520-529页

作者： Xu Zhang Dianzhong Li Yiyi Li Shanping Lu Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of China Shenyang national Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of Sciences

The microstructure evolutions and the mechanical properties of the 25Cr-20Ni austenitic stainless steel weld metals with different Nb contents were investigated during the long term aging treatment at 700~?C.M_(23)C_6,Nb(C,N),α-Cr phase and Nb-nitride phase(Z phase)were observed in the microstructures of the aged weld *** results showed that theα-Cr phase precipitated in the interdendritic regions of the weld metals after being exposed to~ 700?C for 500 h and the element Nb accelerated the precipitation of theα-Cr phase *** density of theα-Cr phase decreased with the increase of the distance away from the primary Nb(C,N).Additionally,theα-Cr phase showed a crystallographic relationship with the austenitic matrix,■.It was observed that the Z phase precipitated in the periphery of the Nb(C,N)and may replace the Nb(C,N)after long term exposure to high *** transformation of the Nb(C,N)into Z phase suggested that the Z phase had a higher stability than the Nb(C,N)par^ticles at 700?C for long term *** tensile strength of the Nb-bearing weld metal showed a continuous decrease at the initial stage of the aging treatment and then went up slightly with the prolonged aging ***,the elongations and the impact energies of the weld metals decreased monotonously with the increase of the aging time.

关键词： 25Cr-20Ni steel Weld metal Nb Aging treatment α-Cr phase Mechanical property

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Uniform corrosion behavior of FeCrAl alloys in borated and lithiated high temperature water

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2021年第11期70卷 136-144页

作者： Fangqiang Ning Xiang Wang Ying Yang Jibo Tan Ziyu Zhang Dan Jia Xinqiang Wu En-Hou Han CAS Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety assessment Liaoning Key Laboratory for Safety and Assessment Technique of Nuclear MaterialsInstitute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China ATF R&D Project Department China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co.Ltd.Shenzhen 518026China

The uniform corrosion behavior of model FeCrAl alloys as well as commercial Zircaloy-4 as reference material were investigated in 360℃borated and lithiated *** results reveal that FeCrAl alloys exhibited better corrosion resistance than *** is found that the oxide films formed on the FeCrAl alloys are composed of outer Fe_(3)O_(4)layer,inner layer consisting of compact spinel layer and porous spinel layer,and transition layer containing Al-Cr-rich oxides and matrix enriched with Fe°.The spinel oxides in the inner layer are FeFe_(2-x-y-z)Cr_(x)Al_(y)MozO_(4).The corrosion mechanism of FeCrAl alloys in high temperature water is discussed.

关键词： FeCrAl Alloys High temperature corrosion Oxidation SEM TEM

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assessment of the initial sea surface temperature product of the scanning microwave radiometer aboard on HY-2 satellite

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2014年第1期33卷 109-113页

作者： ZHAO Yili ZHU Jianhua LIN Mingsen CHEN Chuntao HUANG Xiaoqi WANG He ZHANG Youguang PENG Hailong national Ocean Technology Center State Oceanic Administration national Satellite Ocean Application service State Oceanic Administration

HY-2 satellite is the first satellite for dynamic environmental parameters measurement of china,which was launched on 16th August 2011.A scanning microwave radiometer（RM） is carried for sea surface temperature（SST）,sea surface wind speed,columnar water vapor and columnar cloud liquid water *** this paper,the initial SST product of RM was validated with in-situ data of national Data of Buoy Center（NDBC） mooring and Argo *** validation results indicate the accuracy of RM SST is better than 1.7 *** comparison of RM SST and WindSat SST shows the former is warmer than the latter at high sea surface wind speed and the difference between these SSTs is depend on the sea surface wind ***,the relationship between the errors of RM SST and sea surface wind speed was analyzed using NDBC mooring *** on the results of assessment and errors analysis,the suggestions of taking account of the affection of sea surface wind speed and using sea surface wind speed and direction derived from the microwave scatteromter aboard on HY-2 for SST product calibration were given for retrieval algorithm improvement.

关键词： validation sea surface temperature HY-2 satellite microwave radiometer

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Maximum Wind Speed Changes over china

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 2013年第1期27卷 63-74页

作者：江滢罗勇赵宗慈 Institute of Plateau Meteorology of CMA Public Meteorological service Center of CMA Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua University national Climate Center of china

In this study, the maximum wind speed （WSmax） changes across china from 1956 to 2004 were analyzed based on observed station data, and the changes of WSmax for 2046-2065 and 2080-2099 are projected using three global climate models （GFDL_CM2_0, CCCMA_CGCM3, and MRI_CGCM2） that have participated in the IPCC Fourth assessment Report （AR4）. The observed annual and seasonal WSmax and the frequency of gale days showed obvious declining trends. The annual WSmax decreased by approximately 1.46 m s^-i per decade, and the number of gale days decreased by 3.0 days per decade from 1956 to 2004. The amplitudes of the annual and seasonal WSmax decreases are larger than those of the annual and seasonal average wind speeds （WSavg）. The weakening of the East Asian winter and summer monsoons is the cause for the distinct decreases of both WSmax and WSavg over the whole china. The decrease of WSmax in the southeast coastal areas of china is related to the reduced intensity of cold waves in china and the decreasing number （and decreasing intensity） of land-falling typhoons originated in the Northwest Pacific Ocean. The global climate models GFDL_CM2_0, MRI_CGCM2, and EBGCM （the ensemble of above men-tioned three global climate models） consistently suggest that the annual and seasonal WSmax values will decrease during 2046-2065 and 2080 2099 relative to 1981 2000. The models also suggest that decreases in WSmax for whole china during 2046-2065 and 2080 2099 are related to both the reduced intensity of cold waves and the reduced intensity of the winter monsoon, and the decrease in WSmax in the southeast coastal areas of china is corresponding to the decreasing number of tropical cyclones over the Northwest Pacific Ocean in the summer during the same periods.

关键词： maximum wind speed change projection china

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Sea ice extent retrieval with HY-2A scatterometer data and its assessment

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2017年第8期36卷 76-83页

作者： SHI Lijian LI Mingming ZHAO Chaofang WANG Zhixiong SHI Yingni ZOU Juhong ZENG Tao national Satellite Ocean Application service Beijing 100081China Key Laboratory of Space Ocean Remote Sensing and Application State Oceanic AdministrationBeijing 100081China College of Information Science and Engineering Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266100China Unit 61741 of PLA Beijing 100094China Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266100China

A sea ice extent retrieval algorithm over the polar area based on scatterometer data of HY-2A satellite has been established. Four parameters are used for distinguishing between sea ice and ocean with Fisher＇s linear discriminant analysis method. The method is used to generate polar sea ice extent maps of the Arctic and Antarctic regions of the full 2013-2014 from the scatterometer aboard HY-2A （HY-2A-SCAT） backscatter data. The time series of the ice mapped imagery shows ice edge evolution and indicates a similar seasonal change trend with total ice area from DMSP-F17 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder （SSMIS） sea ice concentration data. For both hemispheres, the HY-2A-SCAT extent correlates very well with SSMIS 15% extent for the whole year period. Compared with Synthetic Aperture Radar （SAR） imagery, the HY-2A-SCAT ice extent shows good correlation with the Sentinel-1 SAR ice edge. Over some ice edge area, the difference is very evident because sea ice edges can be very dynamic and move several kilometers in a single day.

关键词： Antarctica Arctic sea ice extent HY-2A scatterometer

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Environmental remediation promotes the restoration of biodiversity in the Shenzhen Bay Estuary,South china

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Ecosystem Health and Sustainability 2022年第1期8卷 26-34页

作者： Hualin Xu Ke Liu Tianzhu Ning Gu Huang Qianmei Zhang Yuelin Li Mengqi Wang Yiming Fan Weili an Lingbo Ji Qinfeng Guo Hai Ren Neilingding-Futian national Nature Reserve Administration Bureau of Guangdong ShenzhenChina Department of Ecology South China Botanical GardenChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina CSCEC Aecom Consultans Co. Ltd Shenzhen BranchShenzhenChina Core Botanical Gardens Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Foshan UniversityFoshanChina Zhongkai College of Agricultural Technology GuangzhouChina Eastern Forest Environmental Threat assessment Center USDA Forest ServiceRTPNCUSA

Background:Rapid urbanization has greatly changed land-use patterns in many estuarine areas around the world,including the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA)resulting in serious water pollution and ecosystem *** City has conducted comprehensive ecological management and restoration in the Shenzhen Bay since *** natural vegetation consisting of mangroves,semi-mangroves,wetland plants,and terrestrial plants were restored from the bund to the inner bank of the Fengtang *** and sewage flow diversion systems were *** non-point source and point-source sewage are now treated in municipal sewage treatment plants,then naturally flow through the constructed wetland,and then through a natural wetland,restored natural embankment,and finally through mangrove communities substantially improving water ***:The restoration of the wetland has increased animal and microbial diversity and has supported the establishment of a complex and stable food *** water purification and habitat restoration,the number of alien invasive plants in the estuarine ecosystem has decreased,and the diversity of native species of birds,fish,macrobenthos,amphibians,and reptiles has ***:These improvements indicate that human beings and nature can coexist in support of the sustainable development of Shenzhen City.

关键词： Coastal city sewage treatment ecological restoration mangrove bird diversity

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Efficacy and safety of transnasal butorphanol for pain relief after anal surgery

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第38期15卷 4829-4832页

作者： Chen-Ming Mai Liang-Tsai Wan Yu-Ching Chou Hsiang-Yu Yang Chang-Chieh Wu Shu-Wen Jao Cheng-Wen Hsiao Department of Surgery Huailien Armed Forces General Hospital Huailien 97144 Taiwan China Division of Colorectal Surgery Department of Surgery Tri-Service General Hospital National Defense University Taipei 11490 Taiwan China School of Public Health National Defense Medical Center Taipei 11490 Taiwan China

AIM:To compare the analgesic properties and efficacy of transnasal butorphanol with intramuscular meperidine after anal ***: Sixty patients who underwent fistulectomy were enrolled in the study from January 2006 to December 2007. They were randomly divided into transnasal butorphanol (n=30) or intramuscular meperidine (n=30) treatment groups. assessment of postoperative pain was made using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The VAS score was recorded 6 h after the completion of surgery, before receiving the first dose of analgesic, 60 min after analgesia and the next morning. Any adverse clinical effects such as somnolence, dizziness, nausea or vomiting were recorded. Satisfaction with narcotic efficacy, desire to use the particular analgesic in the future and any complaints were recorded by patients using questionnaires before being ***: Forty-two men and eighteen women were included in the study. There were no significant differences in VAS scores between the groups within 24 h. Length of hospital stay and the incidence of adverse effects between the groups were similar. In addition, most patients were satisfied with butorphanol nasal spray and wished to receive this analgesic in the future, if ***: Butorphanol nasal spray is effective for the relief of pain after fistulectomy. However, it offered patients more convenient usage and would be suitable for outpatients.

关键词： Butorphanol Fistulectomy Meperidine Opioid

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Differential equation dynamical system based assessment model in GNSS interoperability

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2011年第6期54卷 996-1003页

作者： HAN Tao LU XiaoChun WANG Xue RAO YongNan ZOU DeCai YANG JianFei WU YangYang national Time service Center Xi'an 710600China Key Laboratory of Precision Navigation and Timing Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesXi'an 710600China Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Economics and Management Northwestern UniversityXi'an 710127China

With the development of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS),the idea of GNSS interoperability is born and has become the focus of study in the field of satellite *** popularity for GNSS to augment the interoperability with the existing ones necessitates the study of the assessment algorithm of this *** this paper,an assessment algorithm for interoperability comprehensive benefits based on the differential equation dynamical system is *** are two important aspects in GNSS that interoperability will affect:one is the performance advancement;the other one is the cost of adopting *** researching the complex relationship between the performance and cost,we found this relationship is similar as what between prey and predator in biomathematics,so the Lotka-Volterra model used to depict the prey-predator relationship is a felicitous *** building a differential dynamical model,we analyze the existence and stability of the positive equilibrium in the *** a Cost-Effective Function of GNSS is constructed based on the positive equilibrium,which is employed to assess the interoperability,qualitatively and ***,the paper demonstrates the significance of the model and its application by citing a numerical example.

关键词： interoperability assessment model differential dynamical system GNSS stability

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Climate change and china's coastal zones and seas:Impacts,risks,and adaptation

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Chinese Journal of Population,Resources and Environment 2021年第4期19卷 304-310页

作者： Rongshuo Cai Kexiu Liu Hongjian Tan Xiuhua Yan Third Institute of Oceanography Ministry of Natural ResourcesXiamen361005China national Marine Data&Information service Tianjin300171China

This article provides an assessment of the changes in marine climate drivers(hazards),associated impacts,risks,and adaptation to the coastal china zones and seas since the mid 20th *** results show that:①Marine climate drivers,such as ocean warming,sea level rise,typhoon,storm surges and marine heat waves(MHWs),have increased significantly in strength,frequency and range over the past decades.②Ocean warming has caused substantial changes in marine phenology,species composition,geographical distribution,and frequent occurrences of ecological disasters such as red tides,green tides,and macro-jellyfish outbreaks,while MHWs have induced degradation in tropical coral reefs and major losses in the marine aquaculture industry in the coastal china seas.③Sea level rise threatens the typical habitats of coastal wetlands such as mangrove and estuaries,and exacerbates coastal erosion,seawater intrusion and the impacts of typhoon,storm surges on the coastal flood disasters.④Human activities,such as large-scale reclamation,pollutant discharge,and overfishing,have increased the exposure and vulnerability of china's marine and coastal ecosystems,leading to the low-aging and miniaturization of fishery types,decline of offshore fishery resources,reduction of coastal wetland areas,and degradation of biodiversity and ecosystem stability.⑤Under different climate scenarios such as low and high greenhouse gases emission scenario(RCP 2.6 and 8.5),as the warming and sea level rise in the coastal china seas continue,extreme sea level(ESL)events will occur more frequently,e.g.,by the end of this century,the current once per century ESL events will become annually or even annually less(RCP 8.5)in many coastal areas,such as at Lvsi and Xiamen tidal gauge stations;and the ESL events could pose serious risks on the coastal ***,the article further discusses the adaptation measures and related uncertain issues to address climate change in the coastal china zones and seas,and puts

关键词： Climate change Ocean Coastal zone Disaster risk Adaptation measure

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