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Methane, Nitrous Oxide and Ammonia generation in full-scale swine wastewater purification facilities

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 115-122页

作者： Takashi Osada Makoto Shiraishi Teruaki Hasegawa Hirofumi Kawahara National agriculture and Food research Organization Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0005 Japan Okayama prefectural center for Animal Husbandry research Misaki Okayama 709-3401 Japan chiba prefectural Livestock research center Yachimata Chiba 289-1113 Japan Saga prefectural Higashimastuura Agricultural Development and Extension center Karatsu Saga 847-0861 Japan

The activated sludge process to remove nitrogen and biochemical oxygen demand （BOD） is reportedly cost-effective for swine wastewater treatment, and it use has thus increased in pig farming. Nitrous oxide （N20） is generated on farms as an intermediate product in nitrification and denitrification, and methane （CH4） is also generated from organic degradation under anaerobic conditions by microorganisms in manure or wastewater. This study was carried out at five activated sludge treatment facilities across Japan between August 2014 and January 2015. Measurements were conducted over several weeks at wastewater purification facilities for swine farms： two in chiba prefecture （East Japan）, two in Okayama prefecture （West Japan）, and one in Saga （Southern Japan）. Taking several environmental fluctuations into account, we collected measurement data continuously day and night, during both high-temperature and low-temperature periods. The results indicated that CH4 and N20 emission factors were 0.91% （kgCHa·kg volatile solids^-1） and 2.87% （g N2O-N·kg total N^-1）, respectively. Ammonia emissions were negligible in all of the measurements from the wastewater facilities. The N20 emission factor calculated under this experiment was low compared to our previous finding （5.0%; g N2O-N·kg N^-1） in a laboratory experiment. In contrast, the CH4 emission factor calculated herein was rather high compared to the laboratory measurements. There was great variation in daily GHG emission factors measured in the actual wastewater treatment facilities. In particular, the N2O emission rate was affected by several environmental conditions at each facility location, as well as by the management of the wastewater treatment.

关键词： Manure Greenhouse gas Denitrification BOD/NNitrous oxide Methane

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Effect of terminal locations of pods on biomass production and ^(13)C partitioning in a fasciated stem soybean Shakujo

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2011年第1期12卷 72-82页

作者： Kyosuke YAMADA Aoi SASAKURA Kiyoshi NISHIWAKI Hany A.EL-SHEMY Pravat K.MOHAPATRA Nguyen T.NGUYEN Hideki KUROSAKI Syunsuke KANAI Junki ITO Kounosuke FUJITA Department of Environmental Dynamics and Management Graduate School of Biosphere SciencesHiroshima University Nagano Chushin Agricultural Experimental Station Faculty of agriculture research Park (FARP) and Biochemistry Department Faculty of AgricultureCairo University School of Life Sciences Sambalpur University Hokkaido prefectural Kitami Agricultural Experiment Station Hiroshima prefectural agriculture research center

This study addresses the hypothesis that stagnation of soybean yield on the farm can be improved by selection of a physiological trait favoring carbon assimilate partitioning to terminally placed pods versus genotypes having axillary pods at close plant spacing.13C was fed to source-sink units comprising a leaf,axillary/terminal pods,and petioles at upper and lower positions of the stem axis in two soybean cultivars,namely Shakujo and Enrei,at different densities of *** cultivars differ significantly in architecture,Shakujo bearing a few hundreds of pods in close succession to one another in a terminally placed raceme,in contrast to Enrei having axillary *** yield per plant was higher in Enrei than in Shakujo at low density,but Shakujo out-yielded Enrei at close *** density decreased yield per plant and altered the pattern of assimilate partitioning significantly within the plants for both *** high density more assimilates moved to the upper parts at the cost of the lower *** terminally placed pods of Shakujo were advantaged to receive assimilates under density *** benefit was accrued to pod filling of Enrei,however,under this condition.

关键词： Fasciated stem Grain yield Photosynthesis Photosynthate partitioning Population density Soybean Source-sink unit

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Selective removal of Cr(Ⅵ)using polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyacrylamide co-modified MoS_(2) ccomposites by adsorption combined with reduction

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第6期35卷 524-530页

作者： Shuqi Yu Yu Yang Keisuke Kuroda Jian Pu Rui Guo Li-An Hou State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation School of EnvironmentBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Department of Environmental and Civil Engineering Toyama Prefectural UniversityImizuToyama 939-0398Japan Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability United Nations UniversityJingumae 5-53-70Shibuya-kuTokyo 150-8925Japan Technical Centre for Soil Agriculture and Rural Ecology and EnvironmentMinistry of Ecology and EnvironmentBeijing 100012China

Cr(Ⅵ),one of the most hazardous metal pollutants,poses significant threats to the environment and human ***,a novel MoS_(2) composite(MoS_(2)/PVP/PAM)modified by polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)and polyacrylamide(PAM)was synthesized to enhance the removal of Cr(Ⅵ).Characterization analysis including SEM,XRD,FTIR,and XPS indicated that PVP and PAM could increase the interlayer spacing and the dispersibility of MoS_(2),and introduce pyrrolic N and amino functional *** batch experiments showed that MoS_(2)/PVP/PAM represented excellent Cr(Ⅵ)removal performance over a wide p H range,and exhibited a significantly higher maximum Cr(Ⅵ)adsorption capacity(274.73 mg/g,at p H 3.0,and 298 K)than pure MoS_(2).The adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ)followed Langmuir and pseudo-second-order kinetic model,which was a homogeneous monolayer chemisorption ***_(2)/PVP/PAM showed stable removal of Cr(Ⅵ)in the presence of humic acid(HA),interfering cations and anions at different ***,it had excellent selectivity for Cr(Ⅵ)(K_(d) value of 1.69×10^(7)m L/g)when coexisting with a variety of competing *** characterization revealed that Cr(Ⅵ)was reduced to low toxicity Cr(Ⅲ)by Mo^(4+)and S^(2-),and then chelated on the surface of the adsorbent by pyrrolic *** research expanded the design concept for MoS_(2) composites by demonstrating the potential of MoS_(2)/PVP/PAM as a promising material for selective elimination of Cr(Ⅵ)in water.

关键词： Polyvinylpyrrolidone Polyacrylamide MoS_(2) Cr(Ⅵ)removal Adsorbent Reduction

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Preparation of hemicellulolic oligosaccharides from Chamaecyparis obtuse （Hinoki） slurry using commercial enzymes

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Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2012年第2期6卷 224-231页

作者： Yuya KUMAGAI Hirokazu USUKI Yukihiro YAMAMOTO Akihiro YAMASATO Takafumi MUKAIHARA Tadashi HATANAKA Okayama prefectural Technology center for agriculture Forestry and FisheriesResearch Institute for Biological Sciences(RIBS)Okayama 716-1241Japan research Fellow of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS) Japan Nagoya University Nagoya 464-8601Japan

Wood biomass is anticipated to serve as a substitute for carbon source, which has no feedstock competition with foods. Biomass is commonly used for the production of bio-ethanol by a series of processes such as pretreatment, enzymatic degradation, and fermentation. Hemicellulose, constituting 20 wt-% - 40 wt-% ofbiomass materials, contains various kinds of saccharides known to be bioactive substrates. Practical usage of hemicellulose is generally limited to its conversion to bio-ethanol. Here, we aimed to prepare hemicellulolic oligosaccharides, more valuable products other than ethanol. Therefore, the Hinoki slurry was treated with lime at room temperature for 3 h, and then neutralized with HCI. The resulting sample was treated with 13 types of commercial enzymes, and the saccharides produced in the supernatant were evaluated. The result showed that the commercial enzyme Cellulase SS （Nagase ＆ Co., LTD.） effectively degraded the slurry to produce disaccharides and trisaccharides. Analysis of sugar components by liquid chromatography/mass spectrography （LC/MS） after the derivation with ethyl 4- aminobenzoate （ABEE） showed that mannobiose, manno- Nose, and cellobiose were the major oligosaccharides. These results indicate valuable oligosaccharides can be successfully produced from Hinoki softwood slurry.

关键词： hemicellulolic oligosaccharides Chamaecyparis obtuse (Hinoki) commercial enzyme manno-oligosaccharide cello-oligosaccharide

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Change of winter wheat planting area and its impacts on groundwater depletion in the North China Plain

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2019年第6期29卷 891-908页

作者： WU Xifang QI Yongqing SHEN Yanjun YANG Wei ZHANG Yucui KONDOH Akihiko Graduate School of Science and Engineering Chiba University Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources Hebei Key Laboratory of Water-Saving AgricultureCenter for Agricultural Resources ResearchInstitute of Genetics and Developmental BiologyCAS center for Environmental Remote Sensing Chiba University

The North China Plain is one of the most water-stressed areas in China. Irrigation of winter wheat mainly utilizes groundwater resources, which has resulted in severe environmental problems. Accurate estimation of crop water consumption and net irrigation water consumption is crucial to guarantee the management of agricultural water resources. An actual crop evapotranspiration(ET) estimation model was proposed, by combining FAO Penman-Monteith method with remote sensing data. The planting area of winter wheat has a significant impact on water consumption; therefore, the planting area was also retrieved. The estimated ET showed good agreement with field-observed ET at four stations. The average relative bias and root mean square error(RMSE) for ET estimation were –2.2% and 25.5 mm, respectively. The results showed the planting area and water consumption of winter wheat had a decreasing trend in the Northern Hebei Plain(N-HBP) and Southern Hebei Plain(S-HBP). Moreover, in these two regions, there was a significant negative correlation between accumulated net irrigation water consumption and groundwater table. The total net irrigation water consumption in the N-HBP and S-HBP accounted for 12.9×10~9 m^3 and 31.9×10~9 m^3 during 2001–2016, respectively. Before and after 2001, the decline rate of groundwater table had a decreasing trend, as did the planting area of winter wheat in the N-HBP and S-HBP. The decrease of winter wheat planting area alleviated the decline of groundwater table in these two regions while the total net irrigation water consumption was both up to 28.5×10~9 m^3 during 2001–2016 in the Northwestern Shandong Plain(NW-SDP) and Northern Henan Plain(N-HNP). In these two regions, there was no significant correlation between accumulated net irrigation water consumption and groundwater table. The Yellow River was able to supply irrigation and the groundwater table had no significant declining trend.

关键词： North China Plain planting area winter wheat remote sensing net irrigation water consumption

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Quantitative classification of Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana(Theaceae)based on leaf and flower morphology

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Plant Diversity 2021年第3期43卷 216-224页

作者： Harue Abe Hiroki Miura Yoshitaka Motonaga center for Sustainable agriculture and forestry Faculty of AgricultureNiigata University94-2 KodaSadoNiigata952-2206Japan Aomori prefectural Asamushi Aquarium 1-25 BabayamaAsamushiAomoriAomori039-3501Japan Faculty of agriculture Niigata University8050 Ikarashi-ninochoNishi-kuNiigata950-2181Japan

In Japan,Camellia japonica and Camellia rusticana are naturally *** differences in their habitats and morphologies,they have been classified by various researchers as either varieties,subspecies,or *** taxonomic position of *** and *** remain unclear because morphological comparisons have been restricted to limited areas and quantitative data are *** grows in snowy places,unlike *** *** displays ornithophily,*** displays *** species have adapted to different growing environments and pollinators,which have altered the morphology of flowers and *** therefore quantitatively estimated the differentiation between these two taxa by comparing the morphologies of leaf hypodermis,flower form,petal color,and filament color in twenty *** findings allowed us to differentiate these two species by the presence or absence of a leaf *** also discovered an intermediate type of leaf hypodermis,which might also be caused by *** component analysis(PCA)indicated that the flower morphologies between these species were significantly *** petal and filament colors were also significantly *** quantitative analysis suggests that speciation caused by differences in both pollinators and environment is one of the factors involved in this *** findings in *** and *** help to explain speciation processes for other species as well.

关键词： Camellia japonica Camellia rusticana Ecological isolation Pollinator shift Pollination syndrome Reproductive isolation

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Mitigating Root Knot Nematode Propagation on Transgenic Tobacco via <i>in Planta</i>Hairpin RNA Expression of <i>Meloidogyne incognita</i>—Specific PolA1 Sequence

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2019年第5期10卷 866-884页

作者： Peter Nkachukwu Chukwurah Samuel Aduse Poku Akira Yokoyama Ai Takeda Masahiro Shishido Ikuo Nakamura Laboratory of Plant Cell Technology Chiba University Matsudo Japan Department of Genetics and Biotechnology University of Calabar Calabar Nigeria Laboratory of Plant Pathology Chiba University Matsudo Japan chiba prefectural agriculture and forestry research center Daizennocho Chiba Japan

Root knot nematodes are top priority nematode pests that significantly constrain agricultural productivity globally especially in developing countries. However, expressing double stranded RNA (dsRNA) of essential nematode genes in susceptible plants is known to confer protection against these pests via RNA silencing. This molecular-based strategy is called host induced gene silencing (HIGS) and the selection of appropriate target nematode gene is critical to its success. In this study, therefore, we focused on root knot nematode PolA1, an essential single copy nuclear gene encoding the largest subunit of RNA polymerase I enzyme and evaluated its effectiveness as a target in conferring nematode resistance on Agrobacterium-mediated transformed tobacco plants. Transgenic tobacco expressing Meloidogyne incognita-specific (MiS) dsRNA of PolA1 gene showed significant reduction in nematode fecundity and multiplication compared to wild type plants in both T0 and T1 generations. T0 plants showed varying degrees of agronomic vigorover WT plants possibly due to varying levels of processed siRNA. However, production of MiS siRNAs in the transgenic plants coupled with significant reduction of PolA1 transcript expression in nematodes feeding on roots of transgenic plants provided evidence of HIGS. Taken together, our results show that PolA1 is a potentially effective target for HIGS-mediated reduction of root knot nematode damage on transgenic tobacco. Given the homology of our target sequence among Meloidogyne species, this protection could be broad range against other root knot nematodes aside M. incognita.

关键词： M. incognita Nematode Resistance N. tabacum RNA Silencing PolA1 Gene

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Plant aquaporins:Their roles beyond water transport

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The Crop Journal 2024年第3期12卷 641-655页

作者： Qi Sun Xin Liu Yoshichika Kitagawa Giuseppe Calamita Xiaodong Ding Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biological Functional Genes Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030HeilongjiangChina Graduate School of Bioresource Sciences Akita Prefectural UniversityAkita 010-0195Japan Department of Biosciences Biotechnologies and BiopharmaceuticsUniversity of Bari‘Aldo Moro’I-70125 BariItaly Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Chinese Education Ministry Northeast Agricultural UniversityHarbin 150030HeilongjiangChina

Compared to other organisms,plants have evolved a greater number of aquaporins with diverse substrates and functions to adapt to ever-changing environmental and internal stimuli for growth and *** aquaporins were initially identified as channels that allow water molecules to cross biological membranes,progress has been made in identifying various novel permeable *** studies have characterized the versatile physiological and biophysical functions of plant ***,we review the recent reports that highlight aquaporin-facilitated regulation of major physiological processes and stress tolerance throughout plant life cycles as well as the potential prospects and possibilities of applying aquaporins to improve agricultural productivity,food quality,environmental protection,and ecological conservation.

关键词： Plant aquaporin Substrate Physiological function agriculture and environment

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Effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on lipogenesis and lipolysis in black sea bream,Acanthopagrus schlegeli

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2007年第1期26卷 112-121页

作者： JI Hong OM Ahamd Daud YOSHIMATSU Takao UMINO Testuya NAKAGAWA Heisuke FURUHASHI Makoto SAKAMOTO Shuichi College of Animal Science and Technology Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University Shaanxi 712100 China Graduate School of Biosphere Science Hiroshima University Higashi - hiroshima 739 - 8528 Japan Marine Finfish Production and research center Terengganu 22200 Malaysia Farming System Division National Research Institute of Aquaculture Fisheries Research Agency Mie 516 -0913 Japan Oriental Yeast Co Ltd Chiba 281 -0002 Japan

Hatchery-roared juvenile black sea breams are characterized by a low level of highly unsaturated fatty acids in their bodies, as compared with wild fish. To assess the effect of docosahaxaenoic acid （DHA） on lipegenic and lipelysis enzymes, one-year fish were roared on a casein-based purified diet and a DHA fortified diet （ 1.5% DHA ethyl ester/kg diet） for 60 d, followed with a period of 55 d for starvation. Dietary DHA was effectively incorporated into the fish body. Fortification of DHA depressed activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and NADP-isocitrate dehydrogenase as lipogenic enzymes in the hepatopancroas and intraperitoneal fat body. Carnitine palmitoyltransferase as lipolysis enzyme in the hepatopancreas was active in the DHA fortified fish. Starvation after feeding experiment induced increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase activity in both control and DHA fortified fish and the activity remained higher in the DHA fortified fish, while the monoenes were selectively consumed prior to highly unsaturated fatty acids. These results indicated that dietary DHA depressed lipogenesis and activated lipolysis.

关键词： DHA enzyme lipogenesis lipolysis black sea bream

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Estimating EC and ionic EC contribution percentage of nutrient solution based on ionic activity

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International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering 2019年第2期12卷 42-48页

作者： Jinxiu Song Lin Xu Dongxian He Satoru Tuskagoshi Toyoki Kozai Yutaka Shinohara Key Laboratory of agriculture Engineering in Structure and Environment of Ministry of agriculture and Rural Affair China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100083China chiba University KashiwaChiba 277-0882Japan Japan Plant Factory Association KashiwaChiba 277-0882Japan

The dynamic monitoring technology of inorganic ions using ion selective electrodes has some problems such as low precision,vulnerability to other ions,short service life,and high *** to the difficulty of dynamic control based on ionic concentration of nutrient solution,EC and pH values of nutrient solution are often used as feedback control indexes in hydroponic *** this study,estimation algorisms of EC and ionic EC contribution percentage based on ionic activity were proposed to understand the quantitative relationship between ionic concentration and *** a view to predicting the EC accurately by mean ionic activities of specific salts in nutrient solution based on a specific formula,ionic concentration could also be calculated by the actual measurement of EC combined with ionic EC contribution *** Japanese horticultural experimental nutrient formula and Yamasaki tomato nutrient formula,significant linear correlations between estimated EC and measured EC were found with determination coefficients over *** EC contribution percentage was not affected by different relative concentrations of nutrient ***,ionic EC contribution percentage changed significantly when adding specific salts with different concentrations,and different changes were found in each anions and cations of specific salt *** the same K+concentration was added in different forms of KNO_(3),K_(2_SO_(4),KCl,and KH_(2)PO_(4),the changes of ionic EC contribution percentage of K^(+)were similar,but those of other anions in potassium salts varied *** relative errors of estimated EC of nutrient solutions based on ionic activities were only 1.3%in horticultural experimental nutrient solution and 1.8%in Yamasaki tomato nutrient solution with different relative concentrations compared to measured *** relative errors of estimated EC of nutrient solutions with specific salt added were only 0.1%-0.5%compared to measured EC in two nutrient solution.T

关键词： hydroponics nutrient solution ionic activity soilless culture Debye-Hückel limiting equation ionic EC contribution percentage nutrient formula solution dynamic control

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