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RAD-seq data reveals robust phylogeny and morphological evolutionary history of Rhododendron

Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第3期10卷 866-878页

作者： Yuanting Shen Gang Yao Yunfei Li Xiaoling Tian Shiming Li Nian Wang Chengjun Zhang Fei Wang Yongpeng Ma Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China University of Chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Beijing Genomics of Institute ShenzhenGuangdong 518120China Guiyang Institute of Humanities and Technology GuiyangGuizhou 550025China State forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River College of ForestryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong 271018China The Southwest China of Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China West China Subalpine Botanical Garden Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 611834China

Rhododendron is famous for its high ornamental ***,the genus is taxonomically difficult and the relationships within Rhododendron remain *** addition,the origin of key morphological characters with high horticulture value need to be *** problems largely hinder utilization of germplasm *** studies attempted to disentangle the phylogeny of Rhododendron,but only used a few genomic markers and lacked large-scale sampling,resulting in low clade support and contradictory phylogenetic ***,we used restriction-site associated DNA sequencing(RAD-seq)data and morphological traits for 144 species of Rhododendron,representing all subgenera and most sections and subsections of this species-rich genus,to decipher its intricate evolutionary history and reconstruct ancestral *** results revealed high resolutions at subgenera and section levels of Rhododendron based on RAD-seq *** optimal phylogenetic tree and split tree recovered five lineages among ***(cladeⅠ)formed the basal *** and Azaleastrum formed cladeⅡand had sister ***Ⅲincluded all scaly rhododendron ***(cladeⅣ)formed a sister group to ***(cladeⅤ).The results of ancestral state reconstruction showed that Rhododendron ancestor was a deciduous woody plant with terminal inflorescence,ten stamens,leaf blade without scales and broadly funnelform corolla with pink or purple *** study shows significant distinguishability to resolve the evolutionary history of Rhododendron based on high clade support of phylogenetic tree constructed by RAD-seq *** also provides an example to resolve discordant signals in phylogenetic trees and demonstrates the application feasibility of RAD-seq with large amounts of missing data in deciphering intricate evolutionary ***,the reconstructed ancestral state of six important characters provides insights into the inn

关键词： Rhododendron RAD-seq Missing data Quartet sampling(QS) Ancestral state reconstruction

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Identification and virulence test of a new pathogen that causes verticillium striping on rapeseed in northwestern China

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Oil Crop Science 2024年第1期9卷 8-19页

作者： We Si Ruisheng Wang Mingde Wu Long Yang Guoqing Li Jing Zhang State Key Laboratory of agricultural Microbiology and Key Laboratory of Plant Pathology of Hubei Province Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhan 430070China Qinghai academy of Agriculture and forestry sciences Qinghai UniversityXiningQinghai Province810016China

Five stems of rapeseed with abundant black microsclerotia were collected from Huangyuan County of Qinghai Province,China,and fungal isolates were obtained from the *** were identified based on morphology,molecular features and specific PCR *** results showed that the 10 fungal isolates belonged to Verticillium longisporum lineage A1/*** of the 10 isolates(HW7-1)was tested for virulence on three species of rapeseed,including *** Zhongshuang 9,*** Qingyou 9 and *** Tayou 2 by conidia inoculation of HW7-1 on roots of young *** seedlings were inoculated with *** conidia or water *** seedlings of these treatments were transplanted in culture mix and incubated in a growth chamber(20℃).Results suggested that the control seedlings of three cultivars appeared quite healthy,while the seedlings inoculated with HW7-1 turned yellowing leaves,seedling stunting or even death after 22 days *** was re-isolated from he yellow leaves,thus fulfilling Koch's ***,compared to the control treatments,inoculation with HW7-1 caused flowering delay and seed yield reduction on Tayou 2 with production of microsclerotia on the *** our knowledge,this is the first report of *** lineage A1/D3 on rapeseed in northwestern China.

关键词： Verticillium longisporum lineage A1/D3 Virulence Rapeseed China

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Annual growth of Fagus orientalis is limited by spring drought conditions in Iran’s Golestan Province

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Journal of forestry Research 2024年第1期35卷 128-142页

作者： Khalil Ghorbani Jahangir Mohammadi Laleh Rezaei Ghaleh Department of Water Engineering Faculty of Water and Soil EngineeringGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran Department of forestry Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesGorganIran Department of Water Engineering Faculty of AgricultureUrmia UniversityUrmiaIran

Due to the lack of a uniform and accurate defi-nition of‘drought’,several indicators have been introduced based on different variables and methods,and the efficiency of each of these is determined according to their relationship with *** relationship between two drought indices,SPI(standardized precipitation index)and SPEI(standard-ized precipitation-evapotranspiration index)in different sea-sons was investigated using annual rings of 15 tree samples to determine the effect of drought on the growth of oriental beech(Fagus orientalis Lipsky)in the Hyrcanian forests of northern *** different evapotranspiration calcula-tion methods were evaluated on SPEI efficiency based on Hargreaves-Samani,Thornthwaite,and Penman-Monteith methods using the step-by-step M5 decision tree regression *** results show that SPEI based on the Penman-Monteith in a three-month time scale(spring)had similar temporal changes and a better relationship with annual tree rings(R^(2)=0.81)at a 0.05 significant *** change and a decreasing trend in the time series of annual tree rings are similar to the variation in the SPEI based on the Penman-Monteith *** affecting evapotranspiration,temperature,wind speed,and sunshine hours(used in the Penman-Monteith method),increased but precipitation *** non-linear modeling methods,SPEI based on Penman-Monteith best illustrated climate changes affecting tree growth.

关键词： Climate change Drought index Hyrcanian forests SPEI'Annual growth rings Fagus orientalis

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On Minor Left Prime Factorization Problem for Multivariate Polynomial Matrices

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Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2024年第3期37卷 1295-1307页

作者： LU Dong WANG Dingkang XIAO Fanghui School of Mathematics Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China KLMM Academy of Mathematics and Systems ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China School of Mathematical sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China MOE-LCSM School of Mathematics and StatisticsHunan Normal UniversityChangsha 410081China

A new necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of minor left prime factorizations of multivariate polynomial matrices without full row rank is *** key idea is to establish a relationship between a matrix and any of its full row rank *** on the new result,the authors propose an algorithm for factorizing matrices and have implemented it on the computer algebra system *** examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithm,and experimental data shows that the algorithm is efficient.

关键词： Free modules Grobner bases minor left prime(MLP) multivariate polynomial matrices polynomial matrix factorizations

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Patterns and drivers of seasonal water sources for artificial sand-fixing plants in the northeastern Mu Us sandy land,Northwest China

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 63-77页

作者： Yanwu PEI Laiming HUANG Ming'an SHAO Jiao WANG Yinglong ZHANG Yellow River Delta Modern agricultural Engineering Laboratory Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China College of Natural Resources and Environment Northwest Agriculture and Forestry UniversityYangling 712100China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100085China College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Shenmu Ecological Association Shenmu 719399China

Understanding plant water-use patterns is important for improving water-use efficiency and for sustainable vegetation restoration in arid and semi-arid regions. However, seasonal variations in water sources and their control by different sand-fixing plants in water-limited desert ecosystems remain poorly understood. In this study, stable isotopic ratios of hydrogen(δ^(2)H) and oxygen(δ^(18)O) in precipitation, soil water, groundwater, and xylem water were determined to document seasonal changes in water uptake by three representative plant species(Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv., Amygdalus pedunculata Pall., and Salix psammophila) in the northeastern Mu Us sandy land, Northwest China. Based on the depth distribution and temporal variation of measured gravimetric soil water content(SWC), the soil water profile of the three species stands was divided into active(0.01 g g^(-1)45%) layers. Annually, P. sylvestris, A. pedunculata, and S. psammophila obtained most water from deep(59.2%±9.7%, moist layer and groundwater),intermediate(57.4%±9.8%, stable and moist layers), and shallow(54.4%±10.5%, active and stable layers) sources, respectively. Seasonally, the three plant species absorbed more than 60% of their total water uptake from the moist layer and groundwater in the early(June) dry season;then, they switched to the active and stable layers in the rainy season(July–September) for water resources(50.1%–62.5%). In the late(October–November) dry season, P. sylvestris(54.5%–66.2%) and A. pedunculata(52.9%–63.6%) mainly used water from stable and moist layers, whereas S. psammophila(52.6%–70.7%) still extracted water predominantly from active and stable layers. Variations in the soil water profile induced by seasonal fluctuations in precipitation and groundwater levels and discrepancies in plant pheno

关键词： desert ecosystem MixSIAR model plant water uptake soil moisture stable isotopes vegetation restoration water-use efficiency

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Nuclear volume effects in kinetic isotope fractionation:A case study of mercury oxidation by chlorine species

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第3期43卷 411-423页

作者： Chenlu Yang Yining Zhang Yun Liu Research Center for Planetary Science College of Earth and Planetary SciencesChengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China State Key Laboratory of Ore Deposit Geochemistry Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuiyang 550081China

It is well-known that the equilibrium isotope fractionation of mercury(Hg)includes classical massdependent fractionations(MDFs)and nuclear volume effect(NVE)induced mass-independent fractionations(MIFs).However,the effect of the NVE on these kinetic processes is not *** total fractionations(MDFs+NVEinduced MIFs)of several representative Hg-incorporated substances were selected and calculated with ab initio calculations in this work for both equilibrium and kinetic ***-induced MIFs were calculated with scaled contact electron densities at the nucleus through systematic evaluations of their accuracy and errors using the Gaussian09 and DIRAC19 packages(named the electron density scaling method).Additionally,the NVE-induced kinetic isotope effect(KIE)of Hg isotopes are also calculated with this method for several representative Hg oxidation reactions by chlorine *** KIEs for 202 Hg/^(198)Hg ranging from−2.27‰to 0.96‰are *** anomalous^(202)Hg-enriched KIEs(δ^(202)Hg/^(198)Hg=0.83‰,0.94‰,and 0.96‰,)caused by the NVE are observed,which are quite different from the classical view(i.e.,light isotopes react faster than the heavy ones).The electron density scaling method we developed in this study can provide an easier way to calculate the NVE-induced KIEs for heavy isotopes and serve to better understand the fractionation mechanisms of mercury isotope systems.

关键词： Nuclear volume effect Kinetic fractionation Hg isotopes Ab initio calculations

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Recent advances in high charge density triboelectric nanogenerators

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing 2024年第4期6卷 1-19页

作者： Xin Cui Jiaheng Nie Yan Zhang School of Physics University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731People's Republic of China School of Cybersecurity Chengdu University of Information TechnologyChengdu 610225People's Republic of China Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083People's Republic of China School of Nanoscience and Technology University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049People's Republic of China

Triboelectric materials with high charge density are the building-block for the commercial application of triboelectric nanogenerators(TENGs).Unstable dynamic processes influence the change of the charge density on the surface and inside of triboelectric *** charge density of triboelectric materials depends on the surface and the internal charge transfer *** focus of this review is on recent advances in high charge density triboelectric materials and advances in the fabrication of *** summarize the existing strategies for achieving high charge density in triboelectric materials as well as their fundamental *** then review current optimization methods for regulating dynamic charge transfer processes to increase the output charge density:first,increasing charge injection and limiting charge dissipation to achieve a high average surface charge density,and second,regulating the internal charge transfer process and storing charge in triboelectric materials to increase the output charge ***,we present the challenges and prospects in developing high-performance triboelectric materials.

关键词： triboelectric nanogenerator charge density charge transfer charge store

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Phytogenic feed additives as natural antibiotic alternatives in animal health and production: A review of the literature of the last decade

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 244-264页

作者： Jing Wang Lufang Deng Meixia Chen Yuyan Che Lu Li Longlong Zhu Guoshun Chen Tao Feng Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Sino-US Joint Laboratory of Animal Science Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences Feed Branch of Beijing Sanyuan Breeding Technology Co. Ltd. College of Animal Science and Technology Gansu Agricultural University College of Life Science and Food Engineering Hebei University of Engineering College of Animal Science and Technology Henan University of Science and Technology

The use of antibiotics in animal production raises great public safety concerns; therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of substitutes for antibiotics. In recent decades, plant-derived feed additives have been widely investigated as antibiotic alternatives for use in animal health and production because they exert multiple biological functions and are less likely to induce resistance *** review summarizes the research history and classification of phytogenic feed additives and their main functions, potential modes of action, influencing factors, and potential negative effects. Further, we highlight the challenges in developing sustainable, safe, and affordable plant-derived antibiotic alternatives for use in livestock production.

关键词： Phytogenic feed additives Antibiotic alternatives Livestock animals Health Production

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Advances in ice avalanches on the Tibetan Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第6期21卷 1814-1829页

作者： TANG Minggao LI Guang ZHAO Huanle XU Qiang WU Guangjian YANG Wei GUO Daojing State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China College of Environment and Civil Engineering Chengdu University of TechnologyChengdu 610059China Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China

As some of the greatest natural disasters in the cryosphere,ice avalanches(IAs)seriously threaten lives and cause catastrophic damage to the resource environment,but a comprehensive overview of the state of knowledge on IAs remains *** summarized 63 IAs on the Tibetan Plateau(TP)since the 20th century,of which,over 20 IAs occurred after the 21st *** distributions of IAs are mainly concentrated in the southeastern and northwestern TP,and the occurrence time of IAs is mostly concentrated from July to *** highlight recent advances in mechanical properties and genetic mechanisms of IAs and emphasize that temperature,rainfall,and seismicity are the inducing *** failure modes of IAs are summarized into 6 categories by examples:slip pulling type,slip toppling type,slip breaking type,water level collapse type,cave roof collapse type,and wedge failure ***,we deliver recommendations concerning the risk assessment and prediction of *** results provide important scientific value for addressing climate change and resisting glacier-related hazards.

关键词： Ice avalanche Global warming Genetic mechanism Risk assessment Tibetan Plateau

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Exploring plant adaptation strategies to phosphorus limitation induced by nitrogen addition:foliar phosphorus allocation and root functional traits analysis in two dominant subalpine tree species

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2024年第4期17卷 154-166页

作者： Yan Su Yongfeng Tang Yi Hu Meiyu Liu Xuyang Lu Baoli Duan Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China Sichuan Ecological Environment Construction Engineering Supervision Co. Ltd.Chengdu 610084China

Plants adapt to the limitation of soil phosphorus(P)induced by nitrogen(N)deposition through a complex interaction of various root and leaf functional *** this study,a pot experiment was conducted to explore the effects of different levels of N addition(control,low N[LN]:25 kg N ha^(-1) yr^(-1),high N[HN]:50 kg N ha^(-1) yr^(-1))on tree growth,leaf nutrient content,foliar P fractions and root characteristics of two dominant tree species,the pioneer species Salix rehderiana Schneid and the climax species Abies fabri(Mast.)Craib,in a subalpine forest in southwestern *** results demonstrated that LN addition had a minimal impact on leaf N and P ***,HN addition significantly decreased the leaf P content in both *** rehderiana exhibited more pronounced increases in specific root length and specific root area under P deficiency triggered by HN addition when compared with *** contrast,*** showed weaker morphological responses to N addition but had a higher proportion of foliar P to metabolic P,as well as higher root exudates rate and root phosphatase activity in response to HN *** fabri employs a synergistic approach by allocating a greater amount of leaf P to metabolite P and extracting P from the soil through P-mobilizing exudates and root phosphatase activity,while *** exhibits higher flexibility in modifying its root morphology in response to P limitation induced by HN *** study provides insights into subalpine tree species adaptation to N-induced P limitation,emphasizing its significance for guiding forest management and conservation in the context of global climate change.

关键词： N deposition root functional traits root morphology root exudation P-scavenging strategy

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