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Multitemporal landslide inventory analysis of an intertropical mountain in west-central Mexico——Basis for hazard management

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第6期19卷 1650-1669页

作者： Alejandro Cesar VALdeS CARRERA Manuel E.MenDOZA Teodoro CARLÓN ALLende Jose Luis MACIAS centro de investigaciones en geografia ambiental Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMorelia 58190Mexico Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia-Instituto de Geofisica-Unidad Michoacan Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMorelia 58190Mexico Instituto de Geofisica-Unidad Michoacan Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMorelia 58190Mexico

Landslides in intertropical mountainous areas of Mexico are a natural hazard that could potentially generate a disaster. despite this, many areas lack landslide inventories, making it difficult to monitor and efficiently manage the associated risks for local populations. For this reason, the aim of this research was to undertake a multitemporal landslide inventory and analyze its conditioning factors in the Pico de Tancítaro stratovolcano, which, in recent decades, has presented several high-risk geomorphological events with disastrous consequences for nearby localities. The spatial distribution of landslides and its conditioning factors were mapped at a 1:50,000 scale for the 1995-2020 period, through visual interpretation of orthophotos and satellite images(Landsat, SPOT, and SenTINEL). The conditioning factors that link the most to landslides were Quaternary andesite and basaltic andesite rocks;volcanic cones, mountain river valleys, and very steep to steep slopes(30° to >45°), oriented to the South, North, and East;Andosols and Leptosols;and the oyamel fir and mixed forests. 505 landslide events classified into slides and flows that occurred in 1995, 2004, 2010, and 2015 were identified. New scars generated by the reactivation of landslide processes were also observed. The landslides in the study area were triggered by torrential rains caused by hurricanes and tropical storms;such as hurricanes Alex and Patricia. The inventory and analysis of conditioning factors highlighted the distribution and dynamics of slides and flows in the study area. In addition, the most important factors for studies of landslide susceptibility, hazards, and risks in the Pico de Tancítaro stratovolcano were identified, contributing to the management of geomorphological risks in intertropical mountain areas.

关键词： Geomorphology Mass wasting Natural hazards Pico de Tancítaro stratovolcano Risk management

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The improvement of an object-oriented classification using multi-temporal MODIS EVI satellite data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2009年第3期2卷 219-236页

作者： Y.Gao J.-F.Mas A.Navarrete centro de investigaciones en Ecosistemas-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico(UNAM) Antigua Carretera a Pa tzcuaro No.8701Col.Ex Hacienda de San Jose de la Huerta C.P.58190 MoreliaMichoacanMexico centro de investigaciones en Geografıa ambiental-Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico(UNAM) Antigua Carretera a Pa tzcuaro No.8701Col.Ex Hacienda de San Jose de la Huerta C.P.58190 MoreliaMichoacanMexico

This paper investigates the contribution of multi-temporal enhanced vegetation index(EVI)data to the improvement of object-based classification accuracy using multi-spectral moderate resolution imaging spectral-radiometer(MODIS)*** object-oriented classification,similar pixels are firstly grouped together and then classified;the produced result does not suffer the speckled appearance and closer to human *** data are from the MODIS sensor aboard Terra spacecraft.69 EVI data(scenes)were collected during the period of three years(20012003)in a mountainous vegetated *** data sets were used to study the phenology of the land cover *** land cover types show distinct fluctuations over time in EVI values and this information might be used to improve object-oriented land cover *** experiments were carried out:one was only with single date MODIS multispectral data,and the other one including also the 69 EVI *** classes were distinguished:temperate forest,tropical dry forest,grassland,irrigated agriculture,rain-fed agriculture,orchards,lava flows and human *** two classifications were evaluated with independent verification data,and the results showed that with multitemporal EVI data,the classification accuracy was improved 5.2%.Evaluated by McNemar’s test,this improved was significant,with significance level p=0.01.

关键词： enhanced vegetation index(EVI) moderate resolution imaging spectral-radiometer(MODIS) phenology object-based image classification

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Interpolating Socioeconomic Data for the Analysis of deforestation:A Comparison of Methods

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2012年第4期4卷 358-365页

作者： Michelle Farfán Jean Francois Mas Laura Osorio centro de investigaciones en Geografía ambiental Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoMoreliaMexico

This study compares local-level socioeconomic variables interpolated with three different methods: 1) Thiessen polygons, 2) Inverse distance weighting, and 3) Areas of influence based on cost of distance. The main objective was to determine the interpolation technique capable of generating the most efficient variable to explain the distribution of deforestation through two statistical approaches: generalized linear models and hierarchical partition. The study was conducted in two regions of western Mexico: Coyuquilla River watershed, and the Sierra de Manantlan Biosphere Reserve (SMBR). For SMBR it was found that the Thiessen polygons and areas of influence were the techniques that interpolated variables with greatest explanatory power for the deforestation process, in Coyuquilla it was inverse distance weighting. These differences are related to the distribution and the spatial correlation of the values of the variables.

关键词： Interpolation Socioeconomic Variables deforestation Hierarchical Partition

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Mid and late Holocene forest fires and deforestation in the subalpine belt of the Iberian range,northern Spain

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Journal of Mountain Science 2016年第10期13卷 1760-1772页

作者： Jose M.GARCIA-RUIZ Yasmina SANJUAN Graciela GIL-ROMERA Penelope GONZALEZ-SAMPERIZ Santiago BEGUERIA Jose ARNAEZ Paz COBA-PEREZ Amelia GOMEZ-VILLAR Javier ALVAREZ-MARTINEZ Noemi LANA-RenAULT Estela PEREZ-CARDIEL Carlos LOPEZ de CALLE Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologfa Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(IPE-CSIC)Campus de Aula DeiP.O.Box 13.03450.080-ZaragozaSpain Estacion Experimental de Aula dei Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas(EEAD-CSIC)Campus de Aula DeiP.O.Box 13.03450.080-ZaragozaSpain Area of Physical Geography University ofLa Rioja26.004-LogronoSpain centro de investigaciones en geografia ambiental Universidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoUnidad MoreliaAntigua Carretera a Patzcuaro 870158190-MoreliaMichoacanMexico departamento de geografia y Geologia Faeultad de Filosofia y LetrasUniversidad de LeonCampus de Vegazana24.071-LeonSpain departamento de Ingenieria Agricola y Forestal Universidad de ValladolidCampus La Yutera34.071-PalenciaSpain department of Geography and Land Management University of Zaragoza50.009-ZaragozaSpain Freelance archaeologist Auda.Colon426003-LogronoSpain

The conversion of subalpine forests into grasslands for pastoral use is a well-knownphenomenon, although for most mountain areas the timing of deforestation has not been determined. The presence of charcoal fragments in soil profiles affected by shallow landsliding enabled us to date the occurrence of fires and the periods of conversion ofsubalpine forest into grasslands in the Urbión Mountains, Iberian Range, Spain. We found that the treeline in the highest parts of the northwestern massifs of the Iberian Range(the Urbión, demanda, Neila, and Cebollera massifs) is currently between 1500 and 1600 m a.s.l., probably because of pastoral use of the subalpine belt, whereas in the past it would have reached almost the highest divides(at approximately 2100–2200 m a.s.l.). The radiocarbon dates obtained indicate that the transformation of the subalpine belt occurred during the Late Neolithic, Chalcolithic, Bronze Age, Iron Age, and Middle Ages. Forest clearing was probably moderate during fires prior to the Middle Ages, as the small size of the sheep herds and the local character of the markets only required small clearings, and therefore more limited fires. Thus, it is likely that the forest recovered burnt areas in a few decades; this suggests the management of the forest and grasslands following a slash-andburn system. During the Middle and Modern Ages deforestation and grassland expansion affected most of the subalpine belt and coincided with the increasing prevalence of transhumance, as occurred in other mountains in the Iberian Peninsula(particularly the Pyrenees). Although the occurrence of shallow landslides following deforestation between the Neolithic and the Roman Period cannot be ruled out, the most extensive shallow landsliding processes would have occurred from the Middle Ages until recent times.

关键词： Forest fires Holocene Subalpinegrasslands Shallow landslides Landscape changes Iberian Range

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Commitment of human mesenchymal stromal cells to skeletal lineages is independent of their morphogenetic capacity

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2023年第7期15卷 701-712页

作者： Jessica Cristina Marín-Llera Damián García-García Estefania Garay-Pacheco Victor Adrian Cortes-Morales Juan Jose Montesinos-Montesinos Jesus Chimal-Monroy Medicina Genómica y Toxicología ambiental Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCoyoacan 04510Mexico Laboratorio de Células Troncales Mesenquimales Unidad de Investigación Médica en Enfermedades OncológicasHospital de Oncología Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXIInstituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialMexico City 06720Mexico departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología ambiental Instituto de Investigaciones BiomédicasUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoCoyoacan 04510Mexico

BACKGROUND Mesenchymal stromal cells(MSCs)are multipotent cell populations obtained from fetal and adult *** share some characteristics with limb bud mesodermal cells such as differentiation potential into osteogenic,chondrogenic,and tenogenic lineages and an embryonic mesodermal *** MSCs differentiate into skeletal-related lineages in vitro,they have not been shown to selforganize into complex skeletal structures or connective tissues,as in the *** this work,we demonstrate that the expression of molecular markers to commit MSCs to skeletal lineages is not sufficient to generate skeletal elements in *** To evaluate the potential of MSCs to differentiate into skeletal lineages and generate complex skeletal structures using the recombinant limb(RL)*** We used the experimental system of RLs from dissociated-reaggregated human placenta(PL)and umbilical cord blood(UCB)*** being harvested and reaggregated in a pellet,cultured cells were introduced into an ectodermal cover obtained from an early chicken limb ***,this filled ectoderm was grafted into the back of a donor chick *** these conditions,the cells received and responded to the ectoderm’s embryonic signals in a spatiotemporal manner to differentiate and pattern into skeletal *** response to differentiation and morphogenetic signals was evaluated by quantitative poly-merase chain reaction,histology,immunofluorescence,scanning electron microscopy,and in situ *** We found that human PL-MSCs and UCB-MSCs constituting the RLs expressed chondrogenic,osteogenic,and tenogenic molecular markers while differentially committing into limb lineages but could not generate complex structures in ***-RL from PL or UCB were committed early to chondrogenic ***,the UCB-RL osteogenic commitment was favored,although preferentially to a tenogenic cell *** findings suggest that the commitment of MSCs to differentiate int

关键词： Human mesenchymal stromal cells Recombinant limbs Mesenchymal stromal cell morphogene-sis Mesenchymal stromal cell in vivo differentiation Skeletal tissues

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Seasonal variation and chemical composition of particulate matter： A study by XPS, ICP-AES and sequential microanalysis using Raman with SEM/EDS

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第12期30卷 32-49页

作者： Lucy T.González Francisco E.Longoria-Rodríguez Margarita Sánchez-Domínguez Cesar Leyva-Porras Karim Acuna-Askar Boris I.Kharissov Alejandro Arizpe-Zapata Juan M.Alfaro-Barbosa Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Laboratorio de Química Analítica AmbientalCódigo Postal 64570MaonterreyN.L.Mexico centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados SC Unidad MonterreyAlianza Notre 202 Código Postal 66628 Apodaca Nueuo León Mexico centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados SC Miguel de Cervantes # 120 Código Postal 31109 Chihuahua Chih. Mexico Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de Medicina Laboratorio de Biorremediación AmbientalCódigo Postal 64460 MonterreyN.L. Mexico

During the winter period（January–March 2016）, the total suspended particles（TSP） and particulate matter smaller than 2.5 μm（PM2.5） were characterized by the application of various analytical techniques in four zones of the Metropolitan Area of Monterrey in Mexico. To evaluate the seasonal variation of some elements in the particulate matter, the results of this study were compared with those obtained during the summer season（July–September 2015）. The speciation of the C_（1s） signal by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed the contribution of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons as the main components in both seasons. Conversely, carboxylic groups associated with biogenic emissions were detected only in winter. The percentages of SO_4^（2-） ions were lower in winter, possibly caused by the decrease in the solar radiation, and relative humidity recorded. The results of the ICP analysis revealed that Fe, Zn and Cu were the most abundant metals in both TSP and PM2.5 in the two seasons. There were significant seasonal variations for concentrations of As, Ni and Zn in the urban area and for Fe, As, Cd, Ni and Zn in the industrial zone. This was attributed to the greater burning of fuels as well as to an increase in vehicular traffic, the effect of thermal inversion and changes in some meteorological parameters. The results of the sequential microanalysis by Raman spectroscopy and SEM/EDS allowed observation of deposits of carbonaceous material on the particles and to perform the speciation of particles rich in Fe and Pb, which helped infer their possible emission sources.

关键词： Seasonal variation Total suspended particles PM2.5 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Micro-Raman spectroscopy

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Land cover mapping applications with MODIS:a literature review

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2012年第1期5卷 63-87页

作者： Tziztiki J.Garcıa-Mora Jean-Francois Mas Everett A.Hinkley centro de investigaciones en Geografı´a ambiental Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico(UNAM)Antigua Carretera a Patzcuaro No.8701Col.Ex-Hacienda de San Josede La HuertaC.P.58190MoreliaMichoacanMexico National Remote Sensing Program Manager USDA Forest Service1601 N.Kent Street/Suite 500ArlingtonVA 22209USA

Land use/land cover monitoring and mapping is crucial to efficient management of the land and its *** the late 1980s increased attention has been paid to the use of coarse resolution optical *** Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer(MODIS)has features,which make it particularly suitable to earth characterization *** has 10 products dedicated mainly to land cover characterization and provides three kinds of data:angular,spectral and *** data also includes information about the data quality through the‘Quality Assessment’*** this paper,we review how MODIS data are used to map land cover including the preferred MODIS products,the preprocessing and classification approaches,the accuracy assessment,and the results obtained.

关键词： MODIS mapping image processing classification,accuracy land use/land cover

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Assessment of Physical Vulnerability in Santo Domingo de Heredia, Costa Rica, Central America

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World Journal of engineering and Technology 2014年第3期2卷 78-84页

作者： Jonnathan Reyes Chaves Mario Fernandez Arce Daniel Solis Rafael Bolanos Villalobos Escuela de geografia Universidad de Costa Rica(UCR Preventec-Universidad de Costa Rica(UCR) Escuela de Geografia-UCR and Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Geologicas-UCR Preventec-UCR Casa de la Cultura de Santo Domingo de Heredia

This work assesses the physical vulnerability of the Santo Domingo Canton in the province of Heredia in Costa Rica. We evaluate the vulnerability of areas located in high risk zones as well as the structural resistance of structures of the canton and then combine them to obtain an index of Physical Vulnerability. Most of the communities in high risk areas in this Canton have not been properly identified and mapped. This identification and mapping will enhance the management of disaster risks, reduce the infrastructure vulnerability and protect vulnerable families in there. We created an index ranging between 0 and 1 for each indicator of physical vulnerability (human settlements in areas of high risk and structural resistance) and another similar index resulting from the combination of vulnerability information from both indicators. The greater part of the territory of Santo Domingo has low physical vulnerability but there are critical sites in the West and the East of the canton.

关键词： Vulnerability Santo Domingo Heredia Disasters Prevention Costa Rica

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Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Animal Manure, Manure-Amended and Nonanthropogenically Impacted Soils in Spain

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Advances in Bioscience and Biotechnology 2018年第9期9卷 469-480页

作者： Fernando Esperón Carlos Sacristán Matilde Carballo Ana de la Torre Grupo de Epidemiología y Sanidad ambiental Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (INIA-CISA) Valdeolmos Spain

environmental dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes may occur through agricultural residues, such as animal manure. We studied the resistome of 16 pool samples of animal manure (pig slurry [n = 8] and poultry manure [n = 8]), and 16 soil samples (manure-amended [n = 8] and nonmanure-amended [n = 8]). All samples were collected in central Spain. detection was based on 18 selected antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). The most commonly detected genes in animal manure were sul1 (16/16), sul2 (16/16), tet(A) (16/16), aadA (16/16), tet(B) (15/16), and str (15/16). Genes blaTEM (7/8), mecA (6/8), vanA (5/8) and qnrB (4/8) were more frequently detected in chicken manure, whereas pig slurry samples presented higher levels of tet(C) (8/8) and tet(M) (8/8). Out of the four genes selected for their clinical relevance, three—blaCTX-M, vanA, and mecA—were detected in animal manure. The blaCTX-M (1/8) and vanA (5/8) genes were only identified in chicken manure. To our knowledge, this is the first report of direct detection of mecA gene in poultry manure and pig slurry. Eleven out of 18 ARGs were detected in amended soil, while only genes sul2 (3/8) and str (2/8) were found in nonanthropogenically impacted soils (NAIS), supporting the hypothesis that ARGs may serve as indicators of “anthropogenic impact” on the environment.

关键词： Antibiotic Resistance blaCTX-M mecA Pig Slurry vanA

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Community Monitoring of Forest Carbon Stocks and Safeguards Tracking in Kenya: design and Implementation Considerations

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Open Journal of Forestry 2015年第4期5卷 457-470页

作者： Julius G. Muchemi Michael K. McCall Francis N. Wegulo James M. Kinyanjui Alfred N. Gichu Elias K. Ucakuwun Gilbert M. Nduru ERMIS Africa Nairobi Kenya University of Eldoret Eldoret Kenya UNAM CIGA Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico Centro de Investigaciones en Geografia Ambiental (CIGA) Morelia Mexico Egerton University Nakuru Kenya department of Resources Survey and Remote Sensing Nairobi Kenya Kenya Forest Service Nairobi Kenya Karatina University Karatina Kenya

This paper investigates modalities required to design and implement community monitoring of forest carbon stock changes and safeguards implementation in Kenya. General principles and elements were drawn from the UNFCCC REDD+ policy frameworks for developing modalities and procedures for designing community forest monitoring system. The paper utilised policy analysis approach used to derive monitoring goals and objectives by assessing the compatibility of Kenya’s policy and legislative framework with monitoring elements provided in the UNFCCC REDD+ policy mechanism. The elements included monitoring goals, objectives, questions, indicators, and methods and tools. Two goals were identified which included, reduction of forest carbon emissions (ER) and monitoring of multiple social and environmental safeguards (SG). Five ER related objectives were identified to include: forest reference emission levels or forest reference levels, drivers of deforestation and forest degradation, Land use activities, eligible ER actions and estimation of forest emissions. Six objectives guiding SG were identified to include: policy, governance, human rights, socio-economic, biodiversity and environmental concerns. Corresponding questions to the goals and objectives were systematically designed. In turns, indicators, depicting quantitative and qualitative measurements, which best provided answers to questions were identified. The various methods and tools used by communities around the world in providing data and information required to satisfy the indictors were identified through literature review. The review identified four methods and tools that included: Remote Sensing and GIS, GPS survey, smartphone survey and Ground trothing. Smartphone and cloud-based server technology were found to be the recent emergent tools in aiding community monitoring of REDD+ projects. The paper argues that local communities and indigenous peoples have the capability and capacity to monitor and undertake for

关键词： REDD+ Policy Mechanism Community Monitoring Forest Carbon Stock Safeguards Incentivizing Communities

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