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Variations of electron density and temperature in ionosphere based on the deMETER ISL data

Earthquake Science 2010年第4期23卷 349-355页

作者： Yufei He Dongmei Yang Rong Zhu Jiadong Qian M Parrot Institute of Geophysics China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100081 China Institute of Earthquake Science China Earthquake Administration Beijing 100036 China laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environment Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Orleans France

Observations of the langmuir Probe Instrument （ISL, Instrument Sonde de langmuir） onboard the deMETER satellite during four years from 2006 to 2009 were used to analyze the tempo-spatial variations of electron density （Ne） and temperature （Te） in the ionosphere. Twenty four research bins with each covering an area with 10° in longitude and 2° in latitude were selected to study the spatial distributions of Ne and Te. The results indicate that both Ne and Te have strong an- nual variations in the topside ionosphere at 660 krn altitude. The semiannual anomaly and equinoctial asymmetry which are usually well known as the features of F-layer also exist in the topside ionosphere at low- and mid-latitudes. The yearly varia- tion of No is opposite to the peak electron density of the F2-1ayer （NmF2） at higher latitudes in daytime and both are similar in nighttime. Also the yearly variations of Tc at low-latitude are contrary to that at 600 km in daytime and similar in nighttime An interesting feature of nighttime Te at low-latitude is an obvious annual variation in the northern hemisphere and semian- nual variation in the southern hemisphere. The yearly variations of Te in daytime have negative and positive correlation with Ne at mid- and high-latitudes, respectively. Both Nc and Te in the neighborhood bins at the same latitude have a high correlation. In ionospheric events analyzing, this information may help to understand the characteristics of the variation and to dis- tinguish the reliable abnormality from the normal background map.

关键词： seasonal variation annual variation spatial distribution Ne Te deMETER satellite

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Mobility affects copulation and oviposition dynamics in Pieris brassicae in seminatural cages

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Insect Science 2019年第4期26卷 743-752页

作者： Nicolas larranaga Michel Baguette Olivier Calvez delphine Legrand centre national de la recherche scientifique and Universite Paul Sabatier Toulouse III SETE Station d'Ecologie Theorique et Experimentale UMR 5321 Moulis France Museum national d'Histoire Naturelle (Sorbonne Universites) Institut de Systematique Evolution et Biodiversite UMR 7205 57 rue Cuvier 75005 Paris cedex 5 France

When, how often and for how long organisms mate can have strong consequences for individual fitness and are crucial aspects of evolutionary ecology. Such determinants are likely to be of even greater importance in monandrous species and species with short adult life stages. Previous work suggests that mobility, a key dispersal? related trait, may affect the dynamics of copulations, but few studies have investigated the impact of individual mobility on mating latency, copulation duration and oviposition latency simultaneously. In this paper, we monitored the copulation dynamics of 40 males and 40 females, as well as the oviposition dynamics of the females of the large White butterfly Pieris brassicae, a facultative long-distance disperser butterfly. Individuals from a breeding were selected to create a uniform distribution of mobility and we recorded the timing, number and duration of all copulations in a semiexperimental system. We showed that mobility, measured as the time spent in flight under stressful conditions (a proxy of dispersal tendency), correlates with all aspects of copulation dynamics: mobile males and females mated earlier and for shorter periods than less mobile individuals. In turn, late mating females increased the time between copulation and oviposition. These results feed the previously described mobility syndrome of R brassicae, involving morphological and physiological characters, with life-history traits. We suggest that the reduction of mating latency and copulation duration has an adaptive value in dispersing individuals, as their life expectancy might be shorter than that of sedentary individuals.

关键词： copulation duration life history mating latency mobility syndrome oviposition latency Pieris brassicae

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A longitudinal network analysis of social dynamics in rooks corvus frugilegus： repeated group modifications do not affect social network in captive rooks

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Current Zoology 2017年第5期63卷 379-388页

作者： Palmyre H. BOUCHERIE Sebastian SOSA Cristian PASQUARETTA Valerie DUFOUR Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien University of Strasbourg 23 rue Becquerel 67087 Strasbourg France centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR 7178 67087 Strasbourg France Formerly affiliated with Grupo de Conducta Adaptativa e Interacci6n Psychology Faculty University of Barcelona 08035 Barcelona Spain

Numerous studies have investigated the remarkable variation of social features and the resulting structures across species. Indeed, relationships are dynamic and vary in time according to various factors such as environmental conditions or individuals attributes. However, few studies have investigated the processes that stabilize the structures within a given species, and the behavioral mechanisms that ensure their coherence and continuity across time. Here, we used a dynamic actor-based model, RSiena, to investigate the consistency of the temporal dynamic of relationships of a group of captive rooks facing recurrent modifications in group composition （i.e., the loss and introduction of individuals）. We found that changes in relationships （i.e., formation and removal） followed consistent patterns regardless of group composition and sex-ratio. Rooks preferentially interacted with paired congeners （i.e., unpopular attachment） and were more likely to form rela- tionships with individuals bonded to a current social partner （i.e., ＂friends of friends＂, or triadic closure）. The sex of individuals had no effect on the dynamic of relationships. This robust behav- ioral mechanisms formed the basis of inter-connected networks, composed of sub-structures of in- dividuals emerging from the enmeshment of dyadic and triadic motifs. Overall, the present study reveals crucial aspects of the behavioral mechanisms shaping rooks social structure, suggesting that rooks live in a well-integrated society, going far beyond the unique monogamous pair-bond.

关键词： corvids preferential attachment social interactions social network analysis temporal dynamics triadic closure.

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Kinetic and product studies of the reactions of NO3 with a series of unsaturated organic compounds

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2020年第9期32卷 111-120页

作者： Yangang Ren Max McGillen Ibrahim Ouchen Veronique Daële Abdelwahid Mellouki centre national de la recherche scientifique(CNRS)(UPR 3021) Observatoire des Sciences de l’Univers en région Centre(OSUC)Institut de CombustionAérothermiqueRéactivitéet Environnement(ICARE)Orléans 45071France Earth Sciences department Scientific InstituteMohammed V UniversityRabat 10106Morocco Le Studium Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies Orléans 45071France

Rate coefficients for the reaction of N03 radicals with 6 unsaturated volatile organic compounds(VOCs) in a 7300 L simulation chamber at ambient temperature and pressure have been determined by the relative rate *** resulting rate coefficients were determined for isoprene,2-carene,3-carene,methyl vinyl ketone(MVK),methacrolein(MACR)and crotonaldehyde(CA),as(6.6±0.8)×10-13,(1.8±0.6)×10-11,(8.7±0.5)×10-12,(1.24±1.04)×10-16,(3.3±0.9)×10-15 and(5.7±1.2)×10-15 cm3/(molecule·sec),*** experiments indicate that NO3 radical reactions with all the studied unsaturated VOGs proceed through addition to the olefinic bond,however,it indicates that the introduction of a carbonyl group into unsaturated VOGs can deactivate the neighboring olefinic bond towards reaction with the NO3 radical,which is to be expected since the presence of these electronwithdrawing substituents will reduce the electron density in the π orbitals of the alkenes,and will therefore reduce the rate coefficient of these electrophilic addition *** addition,we investigated the product formation from the reactions of 2-carene and 3-carene with the NO3 *** identification of an epoxide(C10H16OH+),caronaldehyde(C10H16O2 H+) and nitrooxy-ketone(C10H16O4 NH+) was achieved using a proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometer(PTR-TOF-MS) and a reaction mechanism is proposed.

关键词： Rate coefficient NO_(3) radical Products Volatile organic compounds(VOCs)

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Revisiting the Plant＇s Dilemma

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Molecular Plant 2016年第1期9卷 7-9页

作者： Jeffrey Leung Nadia Bazihizina Stefano Mancuso Christiane Valon Institut de Biologie Inté grative de la Cellule Universit&eacute de Paris Saclay-centre d'Energie Atomique Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UMR9198 1 Avenue de la Terrasse B&acirc timent 23 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex France LINV-DISPAA Universit&agrave degli Studi di Firenze Viale delle idee 30 50019 Sesto Fiorentino Italy

In the opening salvos of his engaging article, How Stomata Resolve the Dilemma of Opposing Priorities, Raschke （1976） wrote that “land plants are in a dilemma throughout their lives： assimilation of CO2 from the atmosphere requires intensive gas exchange; the prevention of excessive water loss demands that gas exchange be kept low.” What seemed a rarefied musing of a plant academic nearly 40 years ago has since broadened into alobal environmental concerns.

关键词： Plant physiology Photosynthesis Drought-tolerant plants

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MicroRNA-feedback loop as a key modulator of liver tumorigenesis and inflammation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第4期19卷 440-444页

作者： Angélique Gougelet Sabine Colnot Institut Cochin INSERM U1016 75014 Paris France centre national de la recherche scientifique UMR8104 75014 Paris France Université Paris des- cartes Sorbonne Paris Cité 75013 Paris France

A recent work of Iliopoulos et al published in Cell highlighted a circuit orchestrated by microRNAs (miRNAs) that results in liver tumorigenesis and inflammation. This feedback loop, governed by miR-24 and miR-629, promotes a hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α transient inhibition resulting in miR-124 induction and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 activation. These promising data support the use of miRNA mimics or inhibitors as potent therapeutic approaches in liver cancer.

关键词： Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α MicroRNA Interleukin-6 Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 Hepatocellular oncogenesis

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Gasdermin D as a cellular switch to orientate immune responses via IL-33 or IL-1β

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2023年第1期20卷 8-10页

作者： Camille Chauvin Sruthi Vijaya Retnakumar Jagadeesh Bayry Institut national de la Santéet de la recherche Médicale Centre de Recherche des CordeliersSorbonne UniversitéUniversitéde Paris75006ParisFrance department of Biological Sciences&Engineering Indian Institute of Technology PalakkadPalakkad678623India

Interleukin(IL)-33 is a nuclear cytokine in the IL-1 family that is constitutively expressed in the epithelial cells of environmentally exposed tissues(skin,gastrointestinal tract and lungs)and endothelial ***-33 is involved in type 2 innate immunity via the activation of eosinophils,basophils,mast cells,group 2 innate lymphoid cells and macrophages through its receptor ST2(also called IL1RL1)[1].Due to the absence of a secretory signal sequence,IL-33 was thought to be passively released during cell necrosis,physical stress or tissue damage and was accordingly considered an alarmin[2].

关键词： immunity Interleukin damage

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Strategies to achieve effective nitrogen activation

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Carbon Energy 2024年第5期6卷 137-163页

作者： Bin Chang Huabin Zhang Shuhui Sun Gaixia Zhang KAUST Catalysis Center(KCC) King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)ThuwalKingdom of Saudi Arabia Institut national de la recherche scientifique(INRS) CentreÉnergie Matériaux TélécommunicationsVarennesQuébecCanada department of Electrical Engineering École de Technologie Supérieure(ÉTS)MontréalQuébecCanada

Ammonia serves as a crucial chemical raw material and hydrogen energy *** electrocatalytic nitrogen reduction reaction(NRR),powered by renewable energy,has attracted tremendous interest during the past few *** some achievements have been revealed in aqueous NRR,significant challenges have also been *** activity and selectivity are fundamentally limited by nitrogen activation and competitive hydrogen *** review focuses on the hurdles of nitrogen activation and delves into complementary strategies,including materials design and system optimization(reactor,electrolyte,and mediator).Then,it introduces advanced interdisciplinary technologies that have recently emerged for nitrogen activation using high-energy physics such as plasma and *** a better understanding of the corresponding reaction mechanisms in the coming years,these technologies have the potential to be extended in further *** review provides further insight into the reaction mechanisms of selectivity and stability of different reaction *** then recommend a rigorous and detailed protocol for investigating NRR performance and also highlight several potential research directions in this exciting field,coupling with advanced interdisciplinary applications,in situ/operando characterizations,and theoretical calculations.

关键词： activation via mediators catalyst optimization electrochemical nitrogen fixation high-energy activation of nitrogen nitrogen

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Photobiomodulation:a novel approach to promote trans-differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into neuronal-like cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 598-608页

作者： Daniella Da Silva Madeleen Jansen van Rensburg Anine Crous Heidi Abrahamse laser Research centre Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of JohannesburgDoornfonteinJohannesburgSouth Africa

Photobiomodulation,originally used red and near-infrared lasers,can alter cellular *** has been demonstrated that the visible spectrum at 451-540 nm does not necessarily increase cell proliferation,near-infrared light promotes adipose stem cell proliferation and affects adipose stem cell migration,which is necessary for the cells homing to the site of *** this in vitro study,we explored the potential of adipose-derived stem cells to differentiate into neurons for future translational regenerative treatments in neurodegenerative disorders and brain *** investigated the effects of various biological and chemical inducers on trans-differentiation and evaluated the impact of photobiomodulation using 825 nm near-infrared and 525 nm green laser light at 5 J/*** adipose-derived stem cells can be used in autologous grafting and photobiomodulation has been shown to have biostimulatory *** findings reveal that adipose-derived stem cells can indeed trans-differentiate into neuronal cells when exposed to inducers,with pre-induced cells exhibiting higher rates of proliferation and trans-differentiation compared with the control ***,green laser light stimulation led to notable morphological changes indicative of enhanced trans-differentiation,while near-infrared photobiomodulation notably increased the expression of neuronal *** biochemical analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,we observed marked improvements in viability,proliferation,membrane permeability,and mitochondrial membrane potential,as well as increased protein levels of neuron-specific enolase and ciliary neurotrophic ***,our results demonstrate the efficacy of photobiomodulation in enhancing the trans-differentiation ability of adipose-derived stem cells,offering promising prospects for their use in regenerative medicine for neurodegenerative disorders and brain injuries.

关键词： differentiation inducers green photobiomodulation immortalized adipose-derived stem cell near-infrared photobiomodulation neurodegenerative disease neurogenesis photobiomodulation trans-differentiation

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Endophyte infection of Festuca eskia enhances seedling survival to drought and cutting at the expense of clonal expansion

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2011年第4期4卷 201-208页

作者： Anaïs Gibert laurent Hazard Institut national de la recherche Agronomique UMR 1248 AGIR31320 Castanet TolosanFrance

Symbiotic relationships between fungal endophytes and grass species are known to increase stress resistance in the grass host;however,there is little evidence to suggest that the positive effects occur early in the grass life *** this study,we explored the effects of the endophyte Epichloe¨festucae on the growth and survival of Festuca eskia seedlings under drought and frequent cutting *** Festuca eskia seedlings were collected from the western part of the plant repartition area in a non-symbiotic population located in a mesic and heavily grazed site(W-NS)and from the eastern part in a symbiotic population from a xeric and lightly grazed site(E-S).The E-S population was experimentally freed from its endophyte(E-F).Two greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare growth and survival between the three seedling types under drought stress and frequent *** the first experiment,126 seedlings per seedling type(n=378)were grown for 6 weeks under non-limiting conditions before the cessation of *** 3 weeks without irrigation,full irrigation was restored for 10 days to measure the survival *** length,leaf elongation rate and survival rate were assessed per *** the second experiment,156 seedlings per seedling type(n=468)were grown under non-limiting *** seedlings were cut to 3 cmhigh,twice a week,during the first month of *** elongation and tillering were monitored on 52 seedlings per seedling *** each type,seedling survival rate was determined by the number of plants alive after 10 days of regrowth,without *** Findings The drought experiment revealed a phenotypic differentiation to drought in 30 *** populations,suggesting adaptive differentiation:the eastern seedlings showed the highest survival rate.A tradeoff between growth and survival was highlighted:the highest drought survival rate was associated with the lowest leaf elongation rate under non-limiting water ***

关键词： Epichloëfestucae water stress cutting fitness native grass mutualism

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