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Water Erosion in the Donga Soils in Subhumid Zone in West Africa

Journal of Environmental Protection 2020年第12期11卷 1073-1088页

作者： Julien Avakoudjo Félix Alladassi Kouelo Valentin Missiako Kindomihou Pierre Irénikatché Akponikpe Anastase Hessou Azontonde Brice Augustin Sinsin Tobi Moriaque Akplo Mahugnon Socrate Agonvinon Laboratory of Applied Ecology of the Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of the University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Laboratory of Soil Microbiology and Microbial Ecology Faculty of Agronomic Sciences of University of Abomey-Calavi Abomey-Calavi Benin Research Unity of Soil Physic and Environmental Hydraulic Faculty of Agronomy University of Parakou Parakou Benin Laboratory for Soil Science Water and Environment Agricultural Research Centre of Agonkanmey National Institute for Agricultural Research of Benin Abomey-Calavi Benin

The runoff and soil loss were assessed in situ at the scale of 2.12 m2 plots during the rainy season of 2010 to better understand the determinants and magnitude of the massive soil loss and land subsidence (donga) in the sub-humid zone of Africa in Karimama, North Benin. The experimental design was a split plot with two factors: the topography in 3 modalities (upstream, center and downstream of the donga) was assigned as main plot factor and the degree of degradation of dongas in 2 modalities (beginner dongas and advanced dongas) was assigned as subplot factor. Runoff water was collected through a storage system composed of two tanks. Data were collected on 36 plots (9 plots per donga × 4 dongas). The runoff varies significantly from one site to another for the rainy episode of October 10, 2010. It is twice as high in land use areas (5.87 mm) as in W Park (2.32 mm;l.s.d. = 1.81 mm). From upstream to downstream, runoff and soil loss increased from 2.4 mm to 85.3 mm and 80 g·m-2 to 197 g·m-2, respectively. Runoff is high in the early dongas (7.60 mm) and low in the advanced dongas (5.68 mm) in contrast to lower soil loss in the early dongas (34 g·m-2) and high in the advanced dongas (237 g·m-2). The low value of soil loss with respect to the magnitude of the phenomenon suggests the probable occurrence of other soil loss mechanisms to be elucidated.

关键词： W National Park Land Use Areas Dongas Runoff Erosion Soil Loss

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Automated Controller Placement for Software-Defined Networks to Resist DDoS Attacks

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2021年第9期68卷 3147-3165页

作者： Muhammad Reazul Haque Saw Chin Tan Zulfadzli Yusoff Kashif Nisar Lee Ching Kwang Rizaludin Kaspin Bhawani Shankar Chowdhry Rajkumar Buyya Satya Prasad Majumder Manoj Gupta Shuaib Memon Faculty of Computing&Informatics Multimedia UniversityPersiaran MultimediaCyberjaya63100SelangorMalaysia Faculty of Engineering Multimedia UniversityPersiaran MultimediaCyberjaya63100SelangorMalaysia Faculty of Computing and Informatics University Malaysia SabahJalan UMSKota Kinabalu Sabah88400Malaysia Telekom Malaysia Research&Development TM Innovation CentreCyberjaya63000SelangorMalaysia National Center of Robotics and Automation Mehran University of Engineering&TechnologyJamshoroPakistan Department of Computer Science and Engineering Hanyang UniversitySeoul04763South Korea School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Nanyang Technological University639798Singapore Cloud Computing and Distributed systems Laboratory The University of MelbourneMelbourneVIC 3053Australia Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology(BUET)Dhaka1205Bangladesh Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering JECRC UniversityVidhaniJaipur303905India Auckland Institute of Studies Mt AlbertAucklandNew Zealand

In software-defined networks(SDNs),controller placement is a critical factor in the design and planning for the future Internet of Things(IoT),telecommunication,and satellite communication *** research has concentrated largely on factors such as reliability,latency,controller capacity,propagation delay,and energy ***,SDNs are vulnerable to distributed denial of service(DDoS)attacks that interfere with legitimate use of the *** ever-increasing frequency of DDoS attacks has made it necessary to consider them in network design,especially in critical applications such as military,health care,and financial services networks requiring high *** propose a mathematical model for planning the deployment of SDN smart backup controllers(SBCs)to preserve service in the presence of DDoS *** a number of input parameters,our model has two distinct ***,it determines the optimal number of primary controllers to place at specific locations or nodes under normal operating ***,it recommends an optimal number of smart backup controllers for use with different levels of DDoS *** goal of the model is to improve resistance to DDoS attacks while optimizing the overall cost based on the *** simulated results demonstrate that the model is useful in planning for SDN reliability in the presence of DDoS attacks while managing the overall cost.

关键词： SDN automated controller placement SBC ILP DDoS attack

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An Alternative Strategy for Mitigating the Effect of Rainfall Variability in Burkinabe Sahel

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Journal of Water Resource and Protection 2015年第16期7卷 1318-1330页

作者： Vivien Chaim Doto Hamma Yacouba Dial Niang Rabah Lahmar Laboratory of Hydrology and Water Resources International Institute for Water and Environmental Engineering (Fondation-2IE) Ouagadougou Burkina Faso Unité de Recherche Agroécologie et Intensification Durable des cultures Annuelles Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement Montpellier cedex 5 France Département de Production Végétale Institut National Agronomique de Tunisie Tunis-Mahrajène Tunisie

This study was carried out in the Burkinabe Sahel aimed at studying contribution of the practice of supplemental irrigation (SI) via excavated rainwater harvesting basin (RWHB) for mitigating effect of rainfall variability on agricultural production and impact of these RWHB on the dynamics of the water table. This study was conducted during two growing seasons (2013 and 2014) and used a test plot cultivated in corn and fitted out with measuring instruments to analyze water transfer in the soil-plant-atmosphere system on the one hand and the atmosphere-RWHB-water table system on the other hand. Four treatments—one under rainfall regime (T0) and three under SI (T1, T2, and T3)—were used in the experimental design to assess the contribution of the RWHB in improving corn yield. These SI were applied during the mid-season of corn (flowering, pollination, and grain filling). Water flow beneath a partially waterproofed RWHB was assessed using HYDRUS- 2D/3D program. Results showed that water stored in the RWHB allowed applying up to three SI, and increased corn yield up to 24% and 26% respectively in 2013 and 2014. However, SI targeting flowering and grain filling were the best scenarios to mitigate effect of dry spell in rainfed agriculture. Water flow under RWHB during the simulation period showed that dynamic of the saturated front depended on the magnitude of the water depth in the RWHB and the hydrodynamic characteristics of the underlying layers. Deep drainage was observed around 25th day after sowing (DAS) in 2013 and 45th DAS in 2014 according to water profile. This caused the decrease of the infiltration rate in the RWHB that was associated with a significant rise of 4% of the water table level ten days later in 2014. Recharge rate was estimated at 0.5 mm·d-1 during the mid-season and the late season of corn.

关键词： Rainwater Harvesting Basin Dry Spells Mitigation Water Table Recharge HYDRUS Sahel

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A Qualitative Perstective on Idempotency Defect of Two Level system Interacting with Laser and Quantized Field

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smart Grid and Renewable Energy 2010年第1期1卷 40-46页

作者： Sayed Abdel-Khalek Mohammed Mohammed Ahmed Waleed Nabeel Razek Abdel Shafy Obada Mathematics Department Faculty of Science Al-Azher University Nassr City Cairo Egypt Mathematics Department Faculty of Science Al-Azher University Nassr City Cairo Egypt Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Sohag University Sohag Egypt Mathematics Department Faculty of Science Taif University Taif Saudi Arabia Department of Mathematics Faculty of Science Sohag University Sohag Egypt Mathematics Department Physics Division National Research Centre Cairo Egypt

Entanglement due to the interaction of a two level atom with a laser and quantized field is investigated. The role of the nonlinearity due to these interactions is discussed. It is found that the nonlinearity changes strongly the behavior of the entanglement also the detuning parameters have important role in the structure of the measure of entanglement.

关键词： Entanglement Idempotency Defect Two-Level system Quantized

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营养素度量法的应用:慢性疾病预防饮食中的潜在角色以及核心营养素度量体系的可行性

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营养健康新观察 2014年第1期 37-38页

作者： G Sacks M Rayner L Stockley P Scarborough W Snowdon B Swinburn 刘轶群 Deakin Population Health Deakin University British Heart Foundation Health Promotion Research Group Department of Public HealthUniversity of Oxford Pacific Research centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Non-communicable Diseases(C-POND) Fiji School of Medicine

背景/目的:大量不同的营养素度量模型被提出但只有少量营养素度量法的应用被评估验证。本论文旨在描述营养素度量法的应用在慢性疾病饮食(DRCD)中的潜在角色,以及考虑核心营养素度量体系的可行性,哪一个可以被改进从而加强特定国家中多... 详细信息

背景/目的:大量不同的营养素度量模型被提出但只有少量营养素度量法的应用被评估验证。本论文旨在描述营养素度量法的应用在慢性疾病饮食(DRCD)中的潜在角色,以及考虑核心营养素度量体系的可行性,哪一个可以被改进从而加强特定国家中多重潜在应用的基础。方法:市场营销中的4‘P'(产品、促销、地点和价格)被作为一个框架去识别和区分营养素度量法的潜在应用。逻辑通路的提出可被适用于评估营养素度量干预对行为改变、饮食改变以及慢病饮食效果改变的潜在影响。核心营养素度量体系的可行性可用于评估不同模型设计策略的影响以及不同目的的适宜性。结果和结论:使用营养素度量法作为干预慢病饮食策略的一部分具有巨大的空间。核心营养素度量体系作为各种应用的基础是可以减少差异以及缩小监管机构、制造商和消费者的混乱。并且它作为公共元素并被合并为核心体系的一部分也是可行的,例如,标准评分法、营养素的核心体系、食物成分和清晰的食物分类,以及额外的专用标准应用。无论如何,在一个系统的发展和实施过程中需要与几个特定国家的背景和技术性因素相协调。

关键词：营养素度量法慢性疾病饮食应用

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Universities as catalysts of social innovation in health systems in low-and middle-income countries: a multi-country case study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2020年第4期9卷 151-151页

作者： Lindi van Niekerk Don Pascal Mathanga Noel Juban Diana Maria Castro-Arroyave Dina Balabanova The Bertha centre for Social Innovation and Entrepreneurship University of Cape Town Graduate School of BusinessCape TownSouth Africa London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine LondonUK The Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Medicine(TDR) GenevaSwitzerland University of Malawi College of MedicineBlantyreMalawi University of the Philippines School of MedicineManilathe Philippines Centro Internacional de Entrenamiento e Investigaciones Medicas(CIDEIM) CaliColombia ICESI University CaliColombia

Background Social innovation(SI)in health holds potential to contribute to health systems strengthening and universal health coverage(UHC).The role of universities in SI has been well described in the context of high-income *** evidence gap exits on SI in healthcare delivery in the context of low-and middle-income countries(LMICs)as well as on the engagement of universities from these *** is thus a need to build capacity for research and engagement in SI in healthcare delivery within these *** aim of this study was to examine the adoption and implementation of network of university hubs focused on SI in healthcare delivery within five countries across Africa,Asia and Latin *** objectives were to describe the model,components and implementation process of the hubs;identify the enablers and barriers experienced and draw implications that could be relevant to other LMIC universities interested in *** A case study design was adopted to study the implementation process of a network of university *** from documentation,team discussions and post-implementation surveys were collected from 2013 to 2018 and analysed with aid of a modified policy analysis ***/discussion SI university-based hubs serve as cross-disciplinary and cross-sectoral platforms,established to catalyse SI within the local health system through four core activities:research,community-building,storytelling and institutional embedding,and adhering to values of inclusion,assets,co-creation and *** were implemented as informal structures,managed by a small core team,in existing *** of hub implementation and functioning were the availability of strong in-country social networks,legitimacy attained from being part of a global network on SI in health and receiving a capacity building package in the initial *** encountered were internal institutional resistance,administrative challenges associated with university

关键词： Social innovation University Healthcare delivery Health system Low-and middle-income countries

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systems thinking in combating infectious diseases

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2017年第1期6卷 1282-1288页

作者： Shang Xia Xiao-Nong Zhou Jiming Liu National Institute of Parasitic Diseases Chinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology National Health and Family Planning CommissionShanghai 200025People’s Republic of China WHO Collaborating centre for Tropical Diseases Shanghai 200025People’s Republic of China Department of Computer Science Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloon TongHong Kong CDC-NIPD&HKBU-CSD Joint Research Laboratory for Intelligent Disease Surveillance and Control Shanghai 200025People’s Republic of China

The transmission of infectious diseases is a dynamic process determined by multiple factors originating from disease pathogens and/or parasites,vector species,and human *** factors interact with each other and demonstrate the intrinsic mechanisms of the disease transmission temporally,spatially,and *** this article,we provide a comprehensive perspective,named as systems thinking,for investigating disease dynamics and associated impact factors,by means of emphasizing the entirety of a system’s components and the complexity of their interrelated *** further develop the general steps for performing systems approach to tackling infectious diseases in the real-world settings,so as to expand our abilities to understand,predict,and mitigate infectious diseases.

关键词： systems thinking Complex systems approach Infectious disease control

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CRP Binding Kinetics Enhancement Using Local Narrowing into a Bent Channel: Finite Element Analysis

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Engineering（科研） 2022年第1期14卷 62-75页

作者： Mohamed Bahri Imen Dermoul Marshet Getaye Mohamed Amin Elaguech Khouloud Djebbi Mounir Ben Ali Chaker Tlili Deqiang Wang Chongqing School University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Preparatory Institute for Engineering of Nabeul IPEIN University of Carthage Campus Universitaire Merazka Tunisia NANOMISENE Lab LR16CRMN01 Centre for Research on Microelectronics and Nanotechnology of Sousse Technopole of Sousse Sousse Tunisia University of Sousse Higher Institute of Applied Sciences and Technology of Sousse GREENS-ISSAT Cité Ettafala Sousse Tunisia

Binding kinetics enhancement of a microfluidic biosensor into a micro-channel through the application of a supplementary mechanism has received tremendous attention because of the obtained significant enhancement factor. However, biosensor’s performance enhancement using only simple channel engineering is still rarely realized. Herein, we present a novel design of a complex reactive protein (CRP) biosensor into a U-shaped channel with a sensitive membrane located in the middle of the bent zone. Various critical factors affecting the equilibrium binding time are numerically investigated. The turn geometry is then optimized when the arc length along the inner and outer radii is almost the same, which leads to locally minimizing the channel height overhead the reaction surface and improves the analyte transport towards the sensing area. The numerical studies reveal that applying a local narrowing above the reaction surface can notably enhance the trapping and the surface formation of complex antibody-antigen, thus upgrading the biosensor performance. This work puts a significant advance towards microfluidic channel engineering and the exploration of micro-flow injection experimental studies.

关键词： Finite Elements Method Binding Reaction CRP Biosensor Microfluidic system Microchannel Turn Numerical Simulation

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Floodplain Mapping of Nashwaak River,Canada:An Assessment Based on High-Resolution Hydraulic Simulation

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Journal of Shipping and Ocean Engineering 2022年第1期12卷 1-11页

作者： Saswati Deb Annie-Marie Laroche Fisheries and Oceans Canada Gulf Fisheries CentreNew BrunswickCanada Département de Génie Civil Universitéde MonctonNew BrunswickCanada

Recent advances in hydraulic modeling create improved methodology to accurately predict the extent of floodplain map in order to assist policy makers to develop flood hazard mitigation measures and timely inform the local communities with the flood risk ***,accurate prediction of the inundation map also depends on the spatial resolution of the topographic *** this study,we developed a novel high-resolution modeling framework for Nashwaak River watershed,New Brunswick,Canada to capture significant flooding along the banks of the river for the two historic flood events and accurately map the floodplains for both the gauged and ungauged areas of the *** model is based on HEC-RAS(US Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis system)hydraulic model and the topographic data were generated from high-resolution LiDAR data of~0.5 *** model runs were driven by observed flow conditions applied at the boundary and the framework is based on different spatial resolution to determine the effect of spatial resolution on the predicted *** validated the model simulated water surface elevation with the observed data and the model reproduces reasonably good skill *** from the numerical simulation suggest that apart from the strength of the stream velocity,design of the modeling framework plays an important role in determining the inundation depth as well as the maximum flooding extent.

关键词： Floodplain map Nashwaak River hydraulic model inundation HEC-RAS water surface elevation

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Assessment of Pesticide Use against Tephritidae Fruit Fly and Other Pest among Small-scale Solanaceous Vegetable Farmers in Bugorhe-Kabare the Democratic Republic of Congo

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NASS Journal of Agricultural Sciences 2022年第2期4卷 27-35页

作者： Rubabura,K.JA. Ndatabaye,L.F. Lina,A.A. Muhigwa,B.JB. Agricultural Entomology laboratory Entomology SectionResearch Centre in Natural Sciences(CRSN-Lwiro)Democratic Republic of Congo Department of Biology State University of BukavuDemocratic Republic of Congo

Ninety-six farmers interviewed in Kabare,east of the DR Congo during *** majority were males(79.17%),ranging 30 to 60 years,used different pesticides in vegetable farms and the main solanaceous crops cultivated is *** use of insecticide and fungicide were high,with many different formulations of the different class types recorded in use,(20%)endocrine disruptors,(40%)cholinesterase inhibitors,(35%)carcinogen and potential carcinogens suspected to be.A lot of out of those pesticides are unregistered for general *** applied pesticide once a week and they didn’t have specific *** skin effects,headaches and dizziness are *** do not have a good system of pesticide packaging *** reducing pesticide application,we propose options of agro *** suggest that the Congolese government must create a quarantine,control and surveillance service for phytosanitary products,fruits and vegetables within the DRC country and at these ***,it needs urgent action from the federal and regional governments to formulate policy,design legislation,and enforcing for its implementation concerning the supply,transportation,storage,appropriateness,and application of harmful pesticides.

关键词： Pesticide Market gardeners’crops Farmer’s small holders Endocrine disruptors Cholinesterase inhibitors

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