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Cell Research 2002年第1期12卷 19-32页

作者： CHRIS KIANI, LIWEN CHEN, YAO JIONG WU, ALBERT J YEE, BURTON B YANG, Sunnybrook and Women’s College health sciences centre and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Patobiology, 2 Department of Surgeny, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Canada 1Sunnybrook and Women s College health sciences centre and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Canada 1Sunnybrook and Women s College health sciences centre and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Canada 1Sunnybrook and Women s College health sciences centre and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Canada 2Sunnybrook and Women s College health sciences centre and Department of Surgeny Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Canada 1Sunnybrook and Women s College health sciences centre and Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology University of Toronto Canada

Aggrecan is the major proteoglycan in the articular cartilage. This molecule is important in the proper functioning of articular cartilage because it provides a hydrated gel structure (via its interaction with hyaluronan and link protein) that endows the cartilage with load-bearing properties. It is also crucial in chondroskeletal morphogenesis during development. Aggrecan is a multimodular molecule expressed by chondrocytes. Its core protein is composed of three globular domains (G1, G2, and G3) and a large extended region (CS) between G2 and G3 for glycosaminoglycan chain attachment. G1 comprises the amino terminus of the core protein. This domain has the same structural motif as link protein. Functionally, the G1 domain interacts with hyaluronan acid and link protein, forming stable ternary complexes in the extracellular matrix. G2 is homologous to the tandem repeats of G1 and of link protein and is involved in product processing. G3 makes up the carboxyl terminus of the core protein. It enhances glycosaminoglycan modification and product secretion. Aggrecan plays an important role in mediating chondrocyte-chondrocyte and chondrocyte-matrix interactions through its ability to bind hyaluronan.

关键词： Proteoglycan chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan G1 domain G3 domain.

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CHECKLIST FOR healthY AND SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES

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Journal of Green Building 2008年第2期3卷 41-45页

作者： Anthony G.Capon Edward J.Blakely Australian health Policy Institute The University of Sydney National centre for Epidemiology and population health The Australian National University Planning Research centre The University of SydneyAustralia

INTRODUCTION This paper describes a 10-point checklist for the planning and development of healthy and sustainable *** 10 domains in the checklist are essentially physical characteristics of *** domain has relevance to the health of people living in the place,and to the sustainability of the *** checklist is intended as a tool for those who plan,develop and manage urban *** tools can be valuable for assessing the health and environmental impacts of decisions made by urban and transport planners,and businesses engaged in land development and infrastructure projects.

关键词： urban intended essentially

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Changes in human hepatic metabolism in steatosis and cirrhosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2017年第15期23卷 2685-2695页

作者： Zoe Schofield Michelle AC Reed Philip N Newsome David H Adams Ulrich L Günther Patricia F Lalor Sci-Phy-4-health EPSRC Research and Training Centre in Physical Sciences for HealthCollege of Engineering and Physical Sciences School of Cancer sciences at the University of Birmingham centre for Liver Research and National Institute for health Research(NIHR)Birmingham Liver Biomedical Research Unit 不详

AIMTo understand the underlying metabolic changes in human liver disease we have applied nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolomics analysis to human liver *** have carried out pilot study using 1H-NMR to derive metabolomic signatures from human liver from patients with steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or alcohol-related liver damage (ARLD) to identify species that can predict outcome and discriminate between alcohol and metabolic-induced liver *** in branched chain amino acid homeostasis, tricarboxylic acid cycle and purine biosynthesis intermediates along with betaine were associated with the development of cirrhosis in both ARLD and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Species such as propylene glycol and as yet unidentified moieties that allowed discrimination between NASH and ARLD samples were also detected using our *** high throughput, non-destructive technique for multiple analyte quantification in human liver specimens has potential for identification of biomarkers with prognostic and diagnostic significance.

关键词： Human Liver Metabolomics Steatosis Nuclear magnetic resonance Alcohol

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Response of endemic afroalpine rodents to the removal of livestock grazing pressure

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Current Zoology 2011年第6期57卷 741-750页

作者： Flavie VIAL David W. MACDONALD Daniel T. HAYDON Boyd Orr centre for population and Ecosystem health Institute of Biodiversity Animal Health and Comparative Medicine College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences University of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK. Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Zoology Department University of Oxford The Recanati-Kaplan Centre Tubney House Tubney OX13 5QL UK.

The Bale Mountains of Ethiopia represent the world＇s largest continuous extent of afroalpine habitat. With a peak combined density of over 8000 individuals/km2, the endemic giant mole rat Tachyoryctes macrocephalus, Blick＇s grass rat Arvi- canthis blicki and the brush-furred mouse Lophuromys melanonyx are the dominant wild herbivores within this ecosystem and may be affected by the presence of high densities of domestic livestock. The purpose of this study was to establish whether these endemic rodent populations could respond to the removal of grazing pressure inside three 0.25 hectare livestock exclosures （paired with grazed control plots） and to determine whether such response was mediated through concomitant changes in the vegetation structure. We hypothesised that livestock grazing negatively affects endemic rodent populations through competition or increased predation risk and we predicted an increase in rodent biomass following the removal of grazing pressure. We found no evidence of rodent populations responding to the removal of livestock after fourteen months. The short-term nature of the ex- perimental design, environmental fluctuations and the ecosystem＇s inherent stochasticity may explain the apparent lack of a sig- nificant response. However, while this study is inconclusive, it emphasises the need for more long-term experimental investiga- tions to assess the effects of domestic grazers on vegetation and on dependent communities. The effects of rapidly increasing livestock numbers in the Bale Mountains will require continued close monitoring of vegetation and endemic animal communities as the afroalpine is altered by external biotic and abiotic forces .

关键词： Afroalpine Bale Mountains Exclosures Livestock grazing Murid rodents

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Mendelian randomization and pleiotropy analysis

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Quantitative Biology 2021年第2期9卷 122-132页

作者： Xiaofeng Zhu Department of population and Quantitative health sciences School of MedicineCase Western Reserve UniversityClevelandOH 44106USA

Background:Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis has become popular in inferring and estimating the causality of an exposure on an outcome due to the success of genome wide association *** statistical approaches have been developed and each of these methods require specific ***:In this article,we review the pros and cons of these *** use an example of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol on coronary artery disease to illuminate the challenges in Mendelian randomization ***:The current available MR approaches allow us to study causality among risk factors and ***,novel approaches are desirable for overcoming multiple source confounding of risk factors and an outcome in MR analysis.

关键词： Mendelian randomization causality summary statistics confounding instrumental variable

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G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1(GPER) activation triggers different signaling pathways on neurons and astrocytes

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第12期14卷 2069-2070页

作者： Claudio Roque Graca Baltazar CICS-UBI - health sciences Research centre University of Beira Interior Covilh. Portugal Faculty of health sciences University of Beira Interior Covilh. Portugal

Estradiol (E2) is the most potent and prevalent form of estrogen, a well-known hormone that regulates multiple tissues and functions in humans. In the brain, E2 regulates processes as diverse as learning, memory, cognition, mood, as well as neurodevelopment and neurodegeneration. The actions of E2 are mediated by classical estrogen receptors (ERs;α and β), and by the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor 1 (GPER or GPR30)(Prossnitz and Arterburn, 2015). Classical ER are predominantly present in the nucleus and cytoplasm, with less than 2% present on the plasma membrane, and mediate genomic cellular effects that occur in the time frame of hours to days (Prossnitz and Arterburn, 2015).

关键词： multiple tissues functions astrocytes

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Trends and Patterns of Respiratory Tuberculosis Mortality in Rural and Urban——China,1987-2021

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China CDC weekly 2023年第42期5卷 938-942页

作者： Yihao Zhao Binbin Su Yaohua Tian Ruitai Shao School of population Medicine and Public health Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Department of health economics School of Population Medicine and Public HealthChinese Academy of Medical Sciences/Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment and health and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health(Incubating)School of Public HealthTongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan CityHubei ProvinceChina

Summary What is already known about this topic?In China,an estimated 780,000 individuals contract tuberculosis(TB)every *** TB ranked as the second most prevalent disease in terms of the morbidity and mortality rates for legally infectious diseases,it imparts a substantial disease burden on families and *** is added by this report?This study identifies specific periods and cohort effects related to trends in respiratory TB mortality in both rural and urban regions of *** mortality rates have been found to decrease at an annual rate of 5.5%in urban regions and 6.6%in rural ones,with a more marked decline evident in rural *** findings represent a significant milestone in the prevention and treatment of respiratory TB in China,especially in its rural locales.

关键词： mortality prevention Rural

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In vitro assessment of thyroid hormone receptor activity of four organophosphate esters

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Journal of Environmental sciences 2016年第7期28卷 185-190页

作者： Xiaomin Ren Linying Cao Yu Yang Bin Wan Sufang Wang Lianghong Guo State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Eco-toxicology Research Centre for Eco-environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Environment and health Jianghan University

Previous animal experiments have implied that organophosphate esters（OPEs） have a disruption effect on the thyroid endocrine system. However, knowledge of the toxicological mechanism remains limited. In this study, the activities of four OPEs have been characterized against the thyroid hormone（TH） nuclear receptor（TR） using two in vitro models, with the aim of evaluating their toxicity mechanisms towards the TR. The results of a TH-dependent cell proliferation assay showed that tris（2-chloro-1-（chloromethyl）ethyl）phosphate（TDCPP） could induce cell growth, while the other three OPEs had no effect. The results of a luciferase reporter gene assay revealed that all four of the OPEs tested in the current study showed agonistic activity towards TRβ, with TDCPP being the most potent one. Moreover, molecular docking revealed that all the tested OPEs could fit into the ligand binding pocket of TRβ, with TDCPP binding more effectively than the other three OPEs. Taken together, these data suggest that OPEs might disrupt the thyroid endocrine system via a mechanism involving the activation of TR.

关键词： organophosphate esters disruption effect TDCPP TR pathway agonistic activity

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Development and validation of a novel questionnaire regarding vision screening among preschool teachers in Malaysia

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2024年第6期17卷 1102-1109页

作者： Shazrina Ariffin Saadah Mohamed Akhir Sumithira Narayanasamy Faculty of health sciences Centre for Community Health Studies(ReaCH)Universiti Kebangsaan MalaysiaKuala Lumpur 50300Malaysia

AIM:To develop and evaluate the validity and reliability of a knowledge,attitude,and practice questionnaire related to vision screening(KAP-VST)among preschool teachers in ***:The questionnaire was developed through a literature review and discussions with *** and face validation were conducted by a panel of experts(n=10)and preschool teachers(n=10),respectively.A pilot study was conducted for construct validation(n=161)and test-retest reliability(n=60)of the newly developed ***:Based on the content and face validation,71 items were generated,and 68 items were selected after exploratory factor *** content validity index for items(I-CVI)score ranged from 0.8-1.0,and the content validity index for scale(S-CVI)/Ave was *** consistency was KR^(2)0=0.93 for knowledge,Cronbach’s alpha=0.758 for attitude,and Cronbach’s alpha=0.856 for ***:The KAP-VST is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing knowledge,attitude,and practice in relation to vision screening among preschool teachers in Malaysia.

关键词： validity reliability preschool teachers vision screening questionnaire

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Inhibiting the kynurenine pathway in spinal cord injury: multiple therapeutic potentials?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2073-2076页

作者： Kelly R.Jacobs David B.Lovejoy Neuroinflammation Group Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University

Chronic induction of the kynurenine pathway（KP） contributes to neuroinflammation by producing the excitotoxin quinolinic acid（QUIN）. This has led to significant interest in the development of inhibitors of this pathway, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disease. However, acute spinal cord injury（SCI） also results in deleterious increases in QUIN, as secondary inflammatory processes mediated largely by infiltrating macrophages, become predominant. QUIN mediates significant neurotoxicity primarily by excitotoxic stimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, but other mechanisms of QUIN toxicity are known. More recent focus has assessed the contribution that neuroinflammation and modulations in the KP make in mood and psychiatric disorders with recent studies linking inflammation and modulations in the KP, to impaired cognitive performance and depressed mood in SCI patients. We hypothesize that these findings suggest that in SCI, inhibition of QUIN production and other metabolites, may have multiple therapeutic modalities and further studies investigating this are warranted. However, for central nervous system-based conditions, achieving good blood-brain-barrier permeability continues to be a limitation of current KP inhibitors.

关键词： spinal cord injury neuroinflammation kynurenine pathway activated microglia infiltrating macrophages quinolinic acid neuropsychiatry depression

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