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Infants at risk of significant hyperbilirubinemia in poorly-resourced countries:evidence from a scoping review

World Journal of Pediatrics 2015年第4期11卷 293-299页

作者： Bolajoko O Olusanya Tina M Slusher Center for healthy start initiative 286A Corporation DriveDolphin EstateIkoyiLagosNigeria Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota&Hennepin County Medical CenterMinneapolisUSA

Background:Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is frequently associated with disproportionately high rates of bilirubin-induced mortality and long-term morbidities in low-and middle-income countries(LMICs).This scoping review aimed to identify possible et iological/risk factors for clinically significant hyperbilirubinemia in LMICs so as to guide intervention and future research *** sources:We systematically searched PubMed,Scopus,Excerpt Medica Database,Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature,WHO Library Database,African Index Medicus,African Journals Online,Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature,and Indian Medical Journals for reports published between January 1990 and August 2014 in LMICs with per capita income of≤US$*** included studies on the etiology of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia or hyperbilirubinemia as signifi cant morbidity for relevant maternal,perinatal and neonatal disorders without restriction on study ***:A total of 131 studies were identified in 23 LMICs from different regions of the *** factors most frequently associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia(in approximately 10%of all studies)were ABO and Rhesus incompatibilities,diabetes mellitus,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase defi ciency,prematurity/low birth weight,infection,birth trauma,and drug-induced *** role of exclusive breast-feeding and genetic factors was sparsely ***:Several maternal,perinatal and neonatal factors are associated with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in *** research efforts and strategies to address these factors are warranted to curtail the disease burden in these countries.

关键词： bilirubin-encephalopathy developing countries kernicterus perinatal outcomes risk factors

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Photobiomodulation:a novel approach to promote trans-differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells into neuronal-like cells

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 598-608页

作者： Daniella Da Silva Madeleen Jansen van Rensburg Anine Crous Heidi Abrahamse Laser Research centre Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of JohannesburgDoornfonteinJohannesburgSouth Africa

Photobiomodulation,originally used red and near-infrared lasers,can alter cellular *** has been demonstrated that the visible spectrum at 451-540 nm does not necessarily increase cell proliferation,near-infrared light promotes adipose stem cell proliferation and affects adipose stem cell migration,which is necessary for the cells homing to the site of *** this in vitro study,we explored the potential of adipose-derived stem cells to differentiate into neurons for future translational regenerative treatments in neurodegenerative disorders and brain *** investigated the effects of various biological and chemical inducers on trans-differentiation and evaluated the impact of photobiomodulation using 825 nm near-infrared and 525 nm green laser light at 5 J/*** adipose-derived stem cells can be used in autologous grafting and photobiomodulation has been shown to have biostimulatory *** findings reveal that adipose-derived stem cells can indeed trans-differentiate into neuronal cells when exposed to inducers,with pre-induced cells exhibiting higher rates of proliferation and trans-differentiation compared with the control ***,green laser light stimulation led to notable morphological changes indicative of enhanced trans-differentiation,while near-infrared photobiomodulation notably increased the expression of neuronal *** biochemical analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays,we observed marked improvements in viability,proliferation,membrane permeability,and mitochondrial membrane potential,as well as increased protein levels of neuron-specific enolase and ciliary neurotrophic ***,our results demonstrate the efficacy of photobiomodulation in enhancing the trans-differentiation ability of adipose-derived stem cells,offering promising prospects for their use in regenerative medicine for neurodegenerative disorders and brain injuries.

关键词： differentiation inducers green photobiomodulation immortalized adipose-derived stem cell near-infrared photobiomodulation neurodegenerative disease neurogenesis photobiomodulation trans-differentiation

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Facility-based constraints to exchange transfusions for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in resource-limited settings

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World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics 2016年第2期5卷 182-190页

作者： Cecilia A Mabogunje Sarah M Olaifa Bolajoko O Olusanya Neonatal Unit Massey Street Children’s Hospital Laboratory Services Massey Street Children’s Hospital centre for healthy start initiative Dolphin Estate

Several clinical guidelines for the management of infants with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia recommend immediate exchange transfusion(ET) when the risk or presence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy is established in order to prevent chronic bilirubin encephalopathy or kernicterus. However, the literature is sparse concerning the interval between the time the decision for ET is made and the actual initiation of ET, especially in low- and middle-income countries(LMICs) with significant resource constraints but high rates of ET. This paper explores the various stages and potential delays during this interval in complying with the requirement for immediate ET for the affected infants, based on the available evidence from LMICs. The vital role of intensive phototherapy, efficient laboratory and logistical support, and clinical expertise for ET are highlighted. The challenges in securing informed parental consent, especially on religious grounds, and meeting the financial burden of this emergency procedure to facilitate timely ET are examined. Secondary delays arising from posttreatment bilirubin rebound with intensive phototherapy or ET are also discussed. These potential delays can compromise the effectiveness of ET and should provide additional impetus to curtail avoidable ET in LMICs.

关键词： Bilirubin encephalopathy Kernicterus Intensive phototherapy Laboratory services Neonatal care Developing countries

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Moving beyond Component Research in Mountain Regions: Operationalizing Systems Integration at Farm and Landscape Scales

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Journal of Mountain Science 2006年第4期3卷 287-304页

作者： Laura German African Highlands initiative World Agroforestry Centre/ASARECA Box 26416 Kampala Uganda

Most research in support of agricultural development and natural resource management in densely settled mountain ecosystems continues to emphasize component over system-level goals. Research by plant breeders, foresters and animal scientists is generally designed to maximize the yield of products within their particular area of expertise (edible plant parts, tree products and livestock products, respectively), while soil scientists aim largely to increase soil nutrient stocks. At landscape level the same dynamic holds within the agronomic sciences, while water engineers work independently to conserve water through its isolation from broader landscape dynamics, and other common property resources remain largely ignored. Opportunities to foster positive synergies between system components, and to integrate livelihood with conservation goals, are generally missed. This paper presents experiences of the African Highlands initiative, an ecoregional program of the Consultative Group for International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) and a network of the Association for Strengthening Agricultural Research in Eastern and Central Africa (ASARECA), in operationalizing integrated research at farm and landscape scale. Following a discussion of the shortcomings of the conventional research paradigm that beg for strongerintegration and a review of the contributions of extant research paradigms that help us move in the right direction, the paper lays a conceptual foundation for integrated research. System components at farm and landscape level are delineated, and this somewhat arbitrary conceptual partitioning of agroecological systems shown to influence the current research paradigm as well as the partitioning of institutional mandates. Diverse meanings of systems integration are then discussed to illustrate the synergies that might be built into agricultural and natural resource research programs. The distinction between the logic of maximization and optimization is then utilized t

关键词： Integrated research Africa research methods highlands

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Performance of Convective Parameterization Schemes in Asia Using RegCM:Simulations in Three Typical Regions for the Period 1998–2002

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第5期32卷 715-730页

作者： Shaukat ALI DAN Li FU Congbin YANG Yang start Temperate East Asia Regional Center and Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Global Change Impact Studies centre Ministry of Climate Change

This study discusses the sensitivity of convective parameterization schemes（CPSs） in the Regional Climate Model（version 4.3）（Reg CM4.3） over East/South Asia. The simulations using different CPSs in Reg CM are compared to discover a suitable scheme for this region, as the performance of different schemes is greatly influenced by region and seasonality. Over Southeast China and the Bay of Bengal, the Grell scheme exhibits the lowest RMSEs of summer precipitation compared to observed data. Moreover, the Emanuel over land and Grell over ocean（ELGO） scheme enhances the simulation, in comparison with any single CPS（Grell/Emanuel） over Western Ghats, Sri Lanka, and Southeast India. Over the Huang–Huai–Hai Plain（3H） and Tibetan Plateau（TP） regions of China, the Tiedtke scheme simulates the more reasonable summer precipitation with high correlation coefficient and comparable amplitude. Especially, it reproduces a minimum convective precipitation bias of 8 mm d^-1and the lowest RMSEs throughout the year over East/South Asia. Furthermore, for seasonal variation of precipitation, the Tiedtke scheme results are closer to the observed data over the 3H and TP regions. However, none of the CPSs is able to simulate the seasonal variation over North Pakistan（NP）. In comparison with previous research, the results of this study support the Grell scheme over South Asia. However, the Tiedtke scheme shows superiority for the 3H, TP and NP regions. The thicker PBL, less surface latent heat flux, the unique ability of deep convection and the entrainment process in the Tiedtke scheme are responsible for reducing the wet bias.

关键词： regional climate models(RCM) Reg CM4 Tiedtke scheme convective parameterization scheme(CPS) topography seasonality

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Wireless Autonomous Soft Crawlers for Adjustable Climbing Actuation

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2023年第3期41卷 405-413,I0008页

作者： Lei Tian Ji-Ji Tan Wei-Liang Dong Bo Yang Cui-Hua Li Dai Wang Hai-Yu Huang Xin-Tong Li Cai-Zhen Zhu Jian Xu Institute of Low-Dimensional Materials Genome initiative College of Chemistry and Environmental EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China

Artificial soft actuators,featured with non-equilibrium internal circumstance and fast,programmable shape transformations,have attracted strong research interest recently due to their flexibility,highly controllable,and ***,wireless soft actuators,achieving the locomotion on different large slopes with multiple energy conversion,have been rarely ***,we create a asymmetric bilayer strategy to construct autonomous soft crawler via“breathing”moisture to motivate the mechanical *** soft crawlers present conspicuous performances including periodic tumbler locomotion predicted via improved Timoshenko’s equation,multiple reversible shape-morphing(circle,helix,despiralization,etc.)determined by their fiber orientation,controlled drive mode(front drive and rear drive)and rapid climb speed(4.76 cm/min)at wide slope *** architecture design,they can be series-wound or shunt-wound to construct multijoint complex *** climbing,a intelligent soft ring-pull with admirable cycle performance for preventing overheating or something untouchable,has been *** soft crawlers also realize multiple energy conversion to be actuated by light *** envision that this soft crawler system has an enormous potential in intelligent machine,microscopic diagnosis and treatment,biosensing,energy harvesting and conversion.

关键词： Soft crawler Tumbler locomotion Reversible shape-morphing Autonomous Energy conversion

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Myosin binding protein C:Structural abnormalities in familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

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Cell Research 2004年第2期14卷 95-110页

作者： Cecily E OAKLEY,Brett D HAMBLY,Paul MG CURMI,Louise J BROWN Department of Pathology University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia Department of Pathology University of Sydney NSW 2006 Australia initiative for Biomolecular Structure School of Physics University of New South Wales NSW 2052 and centre for Immunology St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2010 Australia. initiative for Biomolecular Structure School of Physics University of New South Wales NSW 2052 and centre for Immunology St Vincent's Hospital and University of New South Wales Sydney NSW 2010 Australia.

The muscle protein myosin binding protein C (MyBPC) is a large multi-domain protein whose role in the sarcomere is complex and not yet fully understood. Mutations in MyBPC are strongly associated with the heart disease familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (FHC) and these experiments of nature have provided some insight into the intricate workings of this protein in the heart. While some regions of the MyBPC molecule have been assigned a function in the regulation of muscle contraction, the interaction of other regions with various parts of the myosin molecule and the sarcomeric proteins, actin and titin, remain obscure. In addition, several intra-domain interactions between adjacent MyBPC molecules have been identified. Although the basic structure of the molecule (a series of immunoglobulin and fibronectin domains) has been elucidated, the assembly of MyBPC in the sarcomere is a topic for debate. By analysing the MyBPC sequence with respect to FHC-causing mutations it is possible to identify individual

关键词： myosin binding protein C hypertrophic cardiomyopathy sarcomeric proteins immunoglobulin superfamily mutations.

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Using Linked Data in a heterogeneous Sensor Web: challenges, experiments and lessons learned

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2015年第1期8卷 17-37页

作者： Liang Yu Yong Liu Urban Systems initiative Institute for Infocomm ResearchSingaporeSingapore Microsoft Corporation RedmondWAUSA

Abundant sensor data are now available online from a wealth of sources,which greatly enhance research efforts on the Digital *** combination of distributed sensor networks and expanding citizen-sensing capabilities provides a more synchronized image of earth’s social and physical ***,it remains difficult for researchers to use such heterogeneous Sensor Webs for scientific applications since data are published by following different standards and protocols and are in arbitrary *** this paper,we investigate the core challenges faced when consuming multiple sources for environmental applications using the Linked Data *** design and implement a system to achieve better data interoperability and integration by republishing real-world data into linked geo-sensor *** contributions include presenting:(1)best practices of re-using and matching the W3C Semantic Sensor Network(SSN)ontology and other popular ontologies for heterogeneous data modeling in the water resources application domain,(2)a newly developed spatial analysis tool for creating links,and(3)a set of RESTful OGC Sensor Observation Service(SOS)like Linked Data *** results show how a Linked Sensor Web can be built and used within the integrated water resource decision support application domain.

关键词： Linked Data Sensor web geospatial data integration ontology integrated water resources decision support

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Quantum self-attention neural networks for text classification

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第4期67卷 301-313页

作者： Guangxi LI Xuanqiang ZHAO Xin WANG Institute for Quantum Computing Baidu Research centre for Quantum Software and Information University of Technology Sydney QICI Quantum Information and Computation initiative Department of Computer ScienceThe University of Hong Kong Thrust of Artificial Intelligence Information HubHong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)

An emerging direction of quantum computing is to establish meaningful quantum applications in various fields of artificial intelligence, including natural language processing(NLP). Although some efforts based on syntactic analysis have opened the door to research in quantum NLP(QNLP), limitations such as heavy syntactic preprocessing and syntax-dependent network architecture make them impracticable on larger and real-world data sets. In this paper, we propose a new simple network architecture, called the quantum selfattention neural network(QSANN), which can compensate for these limitations. Specifically, we introduce the self-attention mechanism into quantum neural networks and then utilize a Gaussian projected quantum self-attention serving as a sensible quantum version of self-attention. As a result, QSANN is effective and scalable on larger data sets and has the desirable property of being implementable on near-term quantum devices. In particular, our QSANN outperforms the best existing QNLP model based on syntactic analysis as well as a simple classical self-attention neural network in numerical experiments of text classification tasks on public data sets. We further show that our method exhibits robustness to low-level quantum noises and showcases resilience to quantum neural network architectures.

关键词： quantum neural networks self-attention natural language processing text classification parameterized quantum circuits

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Financing Disaster Risk Reduction:Exploring the Opportunities,Challenges,and Threats Within the Southern African Development Community Region

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International Journal of Disaster Risk Science 2023年第3期14卷 398-412页

作者： Christo Coetzee Sizwile Khoza Livhuwani D.Nemakonde Lesego B.Shoroma Gideon W.Wentink Maynard Nyirenda Steven Chikuse Tchaka Kamanga Kgosietsile Maripe Morenaogaufi J.Rankopo Lengwe-Katembula Mwansa Dewald Van Niekerk African centre for Disaster Studies Unit for Environmental Science and ManagementNorth-West UniversityPotchefstroom 2520North West ProvinceSouth Africa Sustainable Growth and Development initiative Blantyre 312200Malawi Department of Social Work University of BotswanaGaboroneBotswana

The Southern African Development Community(SADC)region,a regional economic body comprised of 16 member states,is one of our planet's most vulnerable regions to natural hazards,and has a complex disaster risk *** region has sustained several disasters over the past *** events include annual floods in 2004-2019 and extreme droughts(1990-1993);other climate-induced disasters,such as cyclones,also have had devastating impacts,particularly on the Indian Ocean island states and east coast *** reduce the risk and impacts of dis asters,governments must invest in disaster risk reduction(DRR).However,interventions aimed at reducing social and economic vulnerability and investing in longterm mitigation activities are often few,poorly funded,and insignificant in comparison with money spent on humanitarian assistance,dis aster relief,and post-disaster *** study investigated whether DRR is adequately funded within SADC member states in light of the high stakes in human life,infrastructure,and economic losses and the potential savings *** study applied a qualitative research design with data collected through semistructured interviews and focus group *** were selected purposefully and through snowball sampling with a total of 67 respondents from Botswana,Eswatini,Namibia,South Africa,and Zimbabwe participating in the *** study findings reveal that DRR is inadequately funded in all the member states consulted in comparison to funding allocated to disaster *** light of the underfunding experienced by DRR activities,this study provides a platform for lobbying and advocacy for adequate funding for DRR.

关键词： Budget allocations Disaster impacts Disaster risk reduction Southern African Development Community

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