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Spatiotemporal patterns and trends of community transmission of the pandemic COVID-19 in South Asia: Bangladesh as a case study

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Biosafety and Health 2021年第1期3卷 39-49页

作者： Ariful Islam Abu Sayeed Kaisar Rahman Jinnat Ferdous Shahanaj Shano Shusmita Dutta Choudhury Mohammad Mahmudul Hassan EcoHealth Alliance New York NY 10001-2320USA centre for Integrative Ecology School of Life and Environmental ScienceDeakin UniversityVictoria 3216Australia Department of medicine Jhenaidah Government Veterinary CollegeJhenaidah 7300Bangladesh Faculty of Veterinary medicine Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences UniversityChattogram 4225Bangladesh Institute of Epidemiology Disease Control and Research(IEDCR)Dhaka 1212Bangladesh

South Asian(SA)countries have been fighting with the pandemic novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)since January ***,the country-specific descriptive study has been ***,as transboundary infection,the border sharing,shared cultural and behavioral practice,effects on the temporal and spatial distribution of COVID-19 in SA is still ***,this study has been revealed the spatial hotspot along with descriptive output on different parameters of COVID-19 *** extracted data from theWHO and the worldometer database from the onset of the outbreak up to 15 May,*** has the highest case fatality rate(CFR,9.22%),whereas Oceania has the highest(91.15%)recovery rate from *** SA countries,India has the highest number of cases(85,790),followed by Pakistan(38,799)and Bangladesh(20,065).However,the number of tests conducted was minimum in this region in comparison with other *** highest CFR was recorded in India(3.21%)among SA countries,whereas Nepal and Bhutan had no death record due to COVID-19 so *** recovery rate varies from 4.75%in the Maldives to 51.02%in Sri *** Bangladesh,community transmission has been recorded,and the highest number of cases were detected in Dhaka,followed by Narayanganj and *** detected Dhaka and its surrounding six districts,namely Gazipur,Narsingdi,Narayanganj,Munshiganj,Manikganj,and Shariatpur,as the 99%confidence-based hotspot where Faridpur and Madaripur district as the 95%confidence-based spatial hotspots of COVID-19 in ***,we did not find any cold spots in *** identified three hotspots and three cold spots at different confidence levels in *** from this study suggested the“Test,Trace,and Isolation”approach for earlier detection of infection to prevent further community transmission of COVID-19.

关键词： Case fatality rate Dhaka South Asia Risk Community transmission Bangladesh

Chinese pediatric researchers need to know more about ethics

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Pediatric Investigation 2018年第1期2卷 52-52页

作者： Xiaoxia Peng Center for Clinical Epidemiology and evidence-based medicine Beijing Children's Hospital Capital Medical University National Center for Children Health Beijing China

Any researcher needs to ensure that research follows high ethical standards. Otherwise, the research proposal may be defeated by just one vote of ethical issues. During the recent two decades, clinical research has been progressing rapidly in China. At the same time, China has made steady progress to strengthen the protection of human research participants. However, compared with U.S. regulations for protecting human subjects, there are still many issues to improve, especially for vulnerable participants, such as children and patients with mental disorders. As author mentioned in 'A Brief introduction to Institutional Review Boards (IRB) in the United States',1 it is necessary for Chinese investigators and ethics committees to become familiar with the U.S. regulations for protecting human subjects. On the other hand, international research is important to close the '10/90 gap' in health research, i.e. 90％of the global burden of disease receives only 10％ of global research investment.2 Underdeveloped countries can benefit from involving in international researches, including addressing the enormous health problems in locals, and building local capacity of research. However, particular risks for violations of human subject protections may occur in international researches. In this case, the ethical concerns will be violated if IRB systems for ethical review of research in underdeveloped countries are poor. Therefore, it is also justice for researchers involving in international research to fully learn about the U.S. regulations for protecting human subjects.

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Surface engineering and the application of laser-based processes to stents-A review of the latest development

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Bioactive Materials 2022年第4期7卷 159-184页

作者： J.Dong M.Pacella Y.Liu L.Zhao Wolfson School of Mechanical Electrical and Manufacturing EngineeringLoughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireLE113TUUK centre for Biological Engineering Loughborough UniversityLoughboroughLeicestershireLE113TUUK

Late in-stent thrombus and restenosis still represent two major challenges in stents’*** treatment of stent is attracting attention due to the increasing importance of stenting intervention for coronary artery *** surface engineering techniques have been utilised to improve the biological response in vivo on a wide range of biomedical *** a tailorable,precise,and ultra-fast process,laser surface engineering offers the potential to treat stent materials and fabricate various 3D textures,including grooves,pillars,nanowires,porous and freeform structures,while also modifying surface chemistry through nitridation,oxidation and ***-based processes can reduce the biodegradable materials’degradation rate,offering many advantages to improve stents’performance,such as increased endothelialisation rate,prohibition of SMC proliferation,reduced platelet adhesion and controlled corrosion and ***,adequate research has been conducted on laser surface texturing and surface chemistry *** texturing on commercial stents has been also investigated and a promotion of performance of laser-textured stents has been *** this critical review,the influence of surface texture and surface chemistry on stents performance is firstly reviewed to understand the surface characteristics of stents required to facilitate cellular *** is followed by the explicit illustration of laser surface engineering of stents and/or related *** induced periodic surface structure(LIPSS)on stent materials is then explored,and finally the application of laser surface modification techniques on latest generation of stent devices is highlighted to provide future trends and research direction on laser surface engineering of stents.

关键词： Surface engineering Laser surface engineering Stent Cell response Laser textured stents

Surface morphology and cell viability of samarium(Ⅲ) oxide/chromium(Ⅲ) oxide/graphene oxide/polycaprolactone targeting wound dressing

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Journal of Rare Earths 2024年第3期42卷 555-561,I0005页

作者： Muteb H.Alshammari Ahmed Onayzan Alshammari Mohamed Tharwat Elabbasy Rafat Zreiq Faris Mohammed Albati M.A.El-Morsy A.A.Menazea Department of Health Informatics College of Public Health and Health InformaticsUniversity of Ha'ilHa'ilSaudi Arabia Department of Surgery College of MedicineUniversity of Ha'ilHa'ilSaudi Arabia Department of Public Health College of Public Health and HealthInformaticsHalUniversityHa'il2440Saudi Arabi Food Control Department Faculty of Veterinary MedicineZagazig UniversityZagazig44519Egypt Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman541350Jordan College of Shariah and Law Ha'il UniversityHa'il2440Saudi Arabia College of Science and Humanities in Al-Kharj Physics DepartmentPlasma Technology and Material Science UnitPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAl-kharj11942Saudi Arabia Physics Department Faculty of ScienceUniversity of DamittaNew Damietta34517.Egyp Spectroscopy Department Physics Research InstituteNational Research CentreDokki12622GizaEgypt

Combinations of metal and lanthanide oxides have been done through casted films for potential medical applications. In this regard, samarium(Ⅲ) oxide/chromium(Ⅲ) oxide/graphene oxide(GO)/polycaprolactone(PCL) based films nano-composites(NCs) were fabricated, pointing their utilization as a biological scaffold for wound dressing purposes. Also, samarium(Ⅲ) oxide and chromium(Ⅲ) oxide have been merged as promising optical constituents due to their unique optical behavior. The structural and compositional examination of the studied NCs was executed by X-ray diffraction(XRD), Raman, and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM). The Sm_(2)O_(3)/Cr_(2)O_(3)/GO/PCL NC exhibits a surface with a lower roughness degree owing to the presence of GO. Cr_(2)O_(3)shows size reduction upon GO insertion to reach 1.2 μm as the average grain size, whilst Sm_(2)O_(3)records an average grain size of less than 1 μm. As well, the polymeric nano-compositions exhibit variation in contact angle values that hit 29.76°± 3.52°for Sm_(2)O_(3)/PCL, and 48.62°± 1.37°for Sm_(2)O_(3)/Cr_(2)O_(3)/GO/PCL as the second lowest contact angle. The optical behavior contributes to absorption edge relocation along the x-axis from 1.7 eV for pure PCL, to 2.65 eV for Sm_(2)O_(3)/Cr_(2)O_(3)/GO/PCL. Regarding biological responses, the cell exposed to 2.5 μg/m L of Sm_(2)O_(3)/Cr_(2)O_(3)/GO/PCL shows cell viability of 119.31%, while 5 μg/m L hits 99.6%. Additionally, the resulting cell attachment micrographs show layers of fibroblast tissue, besides the proliferation and growth of cultivated cells. Thus, the Sm_(2)O_(3)/Cr_(2)O_(3)/GO/PCL scaffold provides 3D proliferation of fibroblast cells endorsing the wound healing process.

关键词： Wound healing Wound dressing Polycaprolactone Sm_(2)O_(3) Cr_(2)O_(3) Rare earths

Qiming granule in treating type 2 diabetic kidney disease patients:study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

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Traditional medicine Research 2021年第1期6卷 7-15页

作者： Jian Huo Jun-Guo Duan Xue-Jing Lu Fu-Wen Zhang Wen-Yuan Jian Jia-Qing Sui Jia-Ling Ai Li-Sha Liu College of Ophthalmology Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 610075China Chengdu Women’s and Children’s Central Hospital School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Ineye Hospital Chengdu 610084China

Background:Diabetic kidney disease(DKD)is a chronic renal microvascular complication associated with abnormal glucose *** to traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)theory,Qi and Yin deficiency with blood stasis(the name of TCM symptoms,its main clinical features are fatigue,dry mouth,red or pale tongue,weak pulse,etc.)is the primary TCM syndrome of DKD,and Qiming granule(QMG)is suitable for the treatment of Qi and Yin deficiency with blood stasis *** view of this,we designed a randomized controlled trial to assess whether QMG is efficacious and safe in treating DKD ***:This protocol is for a randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,parallel group,six-centre clinical trial.A total of 180 participants will be randomized into the QMG group or placebo group,with a 1:1 *** study will last for 50 weeks,including a 2-week run-in period,24 weeks of intervention,and 24 weeks of *** experimental intervention will be QMG,and the control intervention will be a *** primary outcome will be the 24h urinary albumin excretion ratio and the change in the albumin-to-creatinine *** secondary outcome will be evaluation of renal function,fundus changes,management of blood lipids,TCM symptom improvement and safety *** events will be recorded during the ***:This study is a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness and safety of QMG for DKD *** findings of this study will help to provide evidence-based recommendations in treating DKD *** registration:Chinese Clinical Trial Registry,*** 23 December 2012.

关键词： Diabetic kidney disease Qiming granule Traditional Chinese medicine Randomized controlled trial

THE PRACTICE OF GOOD LEADERSHIP WITHIN THE MEDICAL PROFESSION

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临床误诊误治 2008年第2期21卷 1-4页

作者： Victor Yu Melbourne Australia Monash University Monash Medical centre Victoria

My university studies and postgraduate training equipped me to be a competent doctor and medical specialist,but in 1976 when I was 30 years old,I was invited to come to Melbourne to establish a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in an university teaching hospital and to be its Director.I had never taken any leadership or management course to equip me to be a *** over 30 years later,on the eve of my retirement from medicine,I look back to reflect on what kind of leader I was over the course of my medical *** wisdom did I gain over the past 30 years on becoming a good leader,based on learning from the mistakes I had made in exercising the leadership roles I was given within the hospital and university,as well as in the national and international professional arenas? This essay begins with a general principle of good leadership followed by an examination of aspects of pride,power and submission,which if misused or abused,constitute a trilogy of harmful influences on the character of leaders and their wise exercise of good leadership.

关键词： Hospital management Leadership Ability

Dynamics of Forest Landscape Transition across Protected Areas in the Niger Delta from 1986 to 2014

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Journal of Geoscience and Environment Protection 2015年第7期3卷 1-10页

作者： Alex O. Onojeghuo Ajoke R. Onojeghuo Lancaster Environment centre Lancaster University Lancaster UK Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Nnamdi Azikiwe University Awka Nigeria centre for Landscape and Climate Research University of Leicester Leicester UK

The overall aim of this study was to conduct a spatially explicit study of forest cover changes across 13 selected protected areas (PAs) across the study area using a combination of satellite remote sensing and ground data. The objectives of the study included: determine the spatial extent of forest landscape for selected PAs using three epochs of satellite imagery (1986, 2000 and 2014);determine the spatial extent and rates of forest transition over two 14-year periods (1986 to 2000 and 2000 to 2014);and provide a comprehensive summary of current forest landscape status in the study area. The results indicated that the spatial extent of forest landscape for the 13 FRs was 522,164, 481,870 and 457,651 hectares in 1986, 2000 and 2014 respectively. The forest cover transition for the two 14-year periods investigation showed a larger percentage of forest landscape across the 13 FRs were more affected by deforestation in comparison to afforestation. The overall annual deforestation rates for the PAs were 0.82% and 0.68% for 1986 to 2000 and 2000 to 2014 time periods. The annual afforestation rates for both 14-year periods were 0.38% and 0.39% respectively. based on the results being obtained there was an urgent need to review the ways forest reserves and national parks in Cross River state were managed. The promotion of forest conservation was vital to the preservation of existing forest landscapes and endangered wildlife, such as the Cross River Gorilla gorilla and Nigeria-Cameroon chimpanzees. The role of community participation with the assistance of government and conservation organizations would prove effective in forest monitoring activities across the state. In conclusion, results of this study showed the potential of incorporating satellite remote sensing and ground truth data for better understanding the spatial dynamics of forest cover in PAs across the Niger Delta region.

关键词： Remote Sensing Forest Reserves Change Detection Protected Area

Bisphosphonates and adipogenesis: evidence for alendronate inhibition of adipocyte differentiation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through a vitamin D receptor mediated effect

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Natural Science 2013年第8期5卷 955-962页

作者： C. Mammi M. Calanchini A. Antelmi A. Feraco L. Gnessi S. Falcone F. Quintarelli G. M. Rosano A. Fabbri M. Caprio Department of Experimental medicine Section of Medical Physiopathology and Endocrinology Sapienza University of Rome Rome Italy Department of Medical Sciences Centre of Clinical and Basic Research IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana Rome Italy Unit of Endocrinology S. Eugenio & CTO A. Alesini Hospitals Department of Internal Medicine University of Rome “Tor Ver- gata” Rome Italy Unit of Endocrinology S. Eugenio & CTO A. Alesini Hospitals Department of Internal Medicine University of Rome “Tor Vergata” Rome Italy

Background: Adipocyte and osteoblast derive from the same mesenchimal progenitor. Age-related decrease in bone mass is accompanied by an increase in marrow adipose tissue. Vitamin D3 (VD3) inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Recently it has been demonstrated that alendronate (ALN) inhibits adipogenesis while promoting osteoblast differentiation of mesenchimal stem cells. Aim of the Study: To evaluate the role of ALN on adipocyte differentiation in vitro and the potential synergic role of VD3 co-treatment. Procedures: Murine 3T3-L1 and 3T3-F442A preadipocytes were routinely differentiated in presence of ALN and VD3 10-9 - 10-7 M for 7 days and then stained with Oil Red O. The effect of these treatments on mRNA expression of the main molecular markers of adipocyte differentiation (PPARγ and C/EBPα) and VD Receptor (VDR) were analyzed through RT-PCR. Results: Both ALN and VD3 showed a marked anti-adipogenic effect on 3T3-L1 cells. Co-incubation of ALN 10-8 M and VD3 10-9 M displayed no synergic effect on inhibition of adipogenesis. PPARγ mRNA expression was significantly reduced by ALN and VD3. mRNA expression of C/EBPα was reduced only by VD3 treatment. An increase in VDR mRNA expression of 3T3-L1 cells was observed with both ALN and VD3. On the contrary, 3T3-F442A cells, which are in a more advanced adipogenic differentiation stage compared to 3T3-L1, did not express detectable levels of VDR. Interestingly, adipose differentiation of 3T3-F442A was not affected by ALN nor VD3. These results suggest that VDR may represent the molecular target of the anti-adipogenic effect of ALN. Conclusion: VDR plays a critical role in mediating the anti-adipogenic effect of ALN. Further studies to clarify this mechanism are warranted.

关键词： Alendronate Adipogenesis Vitamin D Vitamin D Receptor 3T3-L1 Mesenchimal Stem Cells

Chinese herbal medicine for COVID-19: Current evidence with systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Integrative medicine 2020年第5期18卷 385-394页

作者： Arthur Yin Fan Sherman Gu Sarah Faggert Alemi Research Group for evidence-based Chinese medicine American ICM Association(ATCMA).Vienna VA 22182USA McLean Center for Complementary and Alternative medicine PLCViennVA 22182.USA Federation of Chinese medicine 8 Acupuncture Societies of Australia(FCMA) Victoria 3011Australia Knox Chinese Healing 8 Myotherapy Wantima SouthVictoria 3152Australia East Roots Wellness PLCMcleanVA 22101USA

Background: There is currently no drug or therapy that cures COVID-19, a highly contagious and life-threatening ***: This systematic review and meta-analysis summarized contemporary studies that report the use of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM) to treat *** strategy: Six electronic databases(PubMed/MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Wanfang Data and China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched from their beginning to May 15, 2020 with the following search terms: traditional Chinese medicine, Chinese medicine,Chinese herbal medicine, COVID-19, new coronavirus pneumonia, SARS-CoV-2, and randomized controlled *** criteria: Randomized controlled trials(RCTs) from peer-reviewed journals and non-reviewed publications were included. Further, included RCTs had a control group that was given standard care(SC;such as conventional Western medicine treatments or routine medical care), and a treatment group that was given SC plus *** extraction and analysis: Two evaluators screened and collected literature independently;information on participants, study design, interventions, follow-up and adverse events were extracted, and risk of bias was assessed. The primary outcomes included scores that represented changes in symptoms and signs over the course of treatment. Secondary outcomes included the level of inflammatory markers, improvement of pneumonia confirmed by computed tomography(CT), and adverse events. Dichotomous data were expressed as risk ratio or hazard ratio with 95% confidence interval(CI);where time-to-event analysis was used, outcomes were expressed as odds ratio with 95% CI. Continuous data were expressed as difference in means(MD) with 95% CI, and standardized mean difference(SMD) was used when different outcome scales were ***: Seven original studies, comprising a total of 732 adults, were included in this *** to SC alone, CHM plus SC had a superior effect on the

关键词： Chinese herbal medicine Traditional Chinese medicine COVID-19 SARS-CoV-2 Systematic review Meta-analysis