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Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of daphne mucronata

Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2019年第6期39卷 764-771页

作者： Ghosia Lutfullah Asma Shah Kafeel Ahmad Jamila Haider centre of biotechnology and Microbiology University of Peshawar

OBJECTIVE:To aim at preliminary phytochemical screening of Daphne mucronata and evaluate its antioxidant and antibacterial activities.METHODS:Preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted for the crude extracts using standard methods.Antioxidant properties of crude methanolic extracts,n-hexane,chloroform,ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions of leaves,roots and bark were evaluated following standard procedures.The antibacterial activities were checked against Acinetobacter baumannii(A.baumannii),Escherichia coli(E.coli),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa),Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus),Morganella morganii(M.morganii)and vancomycin resistant S.aureus(VRSA).RESULTS:Carbohydrates,saponins,steroids,phenols/tannins,flavonoids and glycosides were present in different parts of Daphne mucronata.The extracts showed good antioxidant activity with EC50 values of 157.82-361.61μg/m L.Methanolic extracts of roots showed good activity against A.baumannii(86.95%),E.coli(85.18%)and S.aureus(84.61%).Methanolic extracts of bark were active against A.bumanni(65.21%),M.morganii(65.21%)and E.coli(62.96%).Methanolic extracts of leaves showed good activity against A.bumanni(78.26%),E.coli(77.78%),P.aeruginosa(74.07%),S.aureus(73.07%),M.morganii(69.56%),VRSA(68%)and Proteus vulgaris(60%).The n-hexane fraction of roots was effective against A.bumanni(78.26%).Chlorofom fraction of roots showed moderate activity against A.bumanni(60.86%)and S.aureus(61.53%).Ethyl acetate fraction of roots showed moderate activity against A.bumanii(69.56%),E.coli(62.96%)and S.aureus(69.23%).CONCLUSION:This study illustrates that Daphne mucronata possesses good antioxidant and antibacterial properties.The plant could be further exploited as potential natural antioxidant and as a new source of antimicrobials for treatment of various infections.

关键词： Antioxidants Anti-bacterial agents Phytochemicals Daphne mucronata

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Antifungal, phytotoxic and hemagglutination activity of methanolic extracts of Ocimum basilicum

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2016年第6期36卷 794-798页

作者： Kafeel Ahmad Ali talha Khalil Yusra Ramla Somayya centre of biotechnology and Microbiology University of Peshawar

OBJECTIVE: To report some of the pharmacological features of the medicinal plant Ocimum basilicum.METHODS: In the current studies, Antifungal activity of crude methanolic fraction of Ocimum basilicum was determined against eight pathogenic fungal strains using tube dilution assay. The methanolic fraction was also investigated for phytotoxic and hemagglutination activity.RESULTS: Of the eight strains investigated only Candida albicans and Curvilaria lunata were found to be least affected by plant extract while the rest were significantly inhibited. Moderate phytotoxic activity was observed against lemna minor. Hemagglutination activity showed absence of phytolectins and hence no agglutination of erythrocytes.CONCLUSION: The crude extract of Ocimum basilicum has significant properties against fungi and phytotoxic substances.

关键词：甲醇提取物抗真菌活性血凝活性植物毒性植物提取物药用植物真菌菌株白念珠菌

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Antimicrobial,hemagglutination and phytotoxic activity of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Seriphidium kurramense

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2018年第3期38卷 433-438页

作者： Kafeel Ahmad Amjad Ali Waqar Ahmed Afridi Ramla Somayya Muhammad Jawad Ullah centre of biotechnology and Microbiology University of Peshawar

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the antimicrobial activity, hemagglutination and phytotoxic activity of crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Seriphidium kurramense.METHODS: The extracts were analyzed by agar well diffusion assays against five bacterial species:Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus), methicillin-resistant S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, and Salmonella typhi. The extracts were also screened against six fungal species — Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Alternaria solani, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium solani and Pleurotus florida — using the agar tube diffusion method. Additionally, hemagglutination and phytotoxic activities of the crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts were assessed.RESULTS: The crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed dose-dependent inhibition of the various tested fungal and bacterial strains. No hemagglutination activity was observed. Both the ethanolic and aqueous extracts showed dose-dependent phytotoxic activity toward Lemna minor.CONCLUSION: The crude ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Seriphidium kurramense possess good antimicrobial and phytotoxic activities, but no hemagglutination activity.

关键词： Anti-bacterial agents Antifungal agents Phytotoxic Seriphidium kurramense

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Insulin sources and types: a review of insulin in terms of its mode on diabetes mellitus

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2014年第2期34卷 234-237页

作者： Kafeel Ahmad centre of biotechnology and Microbiology University of Peshawar

Insulin is involved in regulation of glucose utilization in the body. Inability of the body to synthesize insulin or human cells resistance to insulin leads to a condition called Diabetes mellitus which is characterized by chronic hyperglycaemia. There are two types of diabetes; type 1 and type 2. Exogenous supply of insulin is needed consistently for type 1diabetes treatment and type 2 diabetes also needs to be cured by the exogenous supply of insulin in advance stages of the disease. These sources have been proved very useful to meet the needs of the patients. However, these insulin types are expensive for the large population of patients in the developing countries. Furthermore, the incidence of diabetes is advancing at an alarming rate. Hence production systems with even higher capabilities of production are desired. Therefore, currently plants are being investigated as alternative production systems. Based on the mode of action of insulin various formulations of insulin have been developed that have different onset of action, peak effect and duration of action according to the needs of the patients.

关键词：胰岛素抵抗 2型糖尿病类型生产系统葡萄糖利用持续时间外源性高血糖

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Constructing a biofunctionalized 3D-printed gelatin/sodium alginate/chitosan tri-polymer complex scaffold with improvised biological andmechanical properties for bone-tissue engineering

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2024年第1期7卷 57-73页

作者： Amit Kumar Singh Krishna Pramanik Amit Biswas centre of Excellence in Tissue Engineering Department of Biotechnology and Medical EngineeringNational Institute of TechnologyRourkela 769008India

Sodium alginate(SA)/chitosan(CH)polyelectrolyte scaffold is a suitable substrate for tissue-engineering application.The present study deals with further improvement in the tensile strength and biological properties of this type of scaffold to make it a potential template for bone-tissue regeneration.We experimented with adding 0%–15%(volume fraction)gelatin(GE),a protein-based biopolymer known to promote cell adhesion,proliferation,and differentiation.The resulting tri-polymer complex was used as bioink to fabricate SA/CH/GEmatrices by three-dimensional(3D)printing.Morphological studies using scanning electron microscopy revealed the microfibrous porous architecture of all the structures,which had a pore size range of 383–419μm.X-ray diffraction and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analyses revealed the amorphous nature of the scaffold and the strong electrostatic interactions among the functional groups of the polymers,thereby forming polyelectrolyte complexes which were found to improve mechanical properties and structural stability.The scaffolds exhibited a desirable degradation rate,controlled swelling,and hydrophilic characteristics which are favorable for bone-tissue engineering.The tensile strength improved from(386±15)to(693±15)kPa due to the increased stiffness of SA/CH scaffolds upon addition of gelatin.The enhanced protein adsorption and in vitro bioactivity(forming an apatite layer)confirmed the ability of the SA/CH/GE scaffold to offer higher cellular adhesion and a bone-like environment to cells during the process of tissue regeneration.In vitro biological evaluation including the MTT assay,confocal microscopy analysis,and alizarin red S assay showed a significant increase in cell attachment,cell viability,and cell proliferation,which further improved biomineralization over the scaffold surface.In addition,SA/CH containing 15%gelatin designated as SA/CH/GE15 showed superior performance to the other fabricated 3D structures,demonstrating its potential for use in bone-tissue engineering.

关键词： Scaffold Biomaterial Sodium alginate Chitosan Gelatin 3D printing Tissue engineering

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Self-assembled multifunctional nanotheranostics against circulating tumor clusters in metastatic breast cancer

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第4期13卷 1711-1725页

作者： Ramya Dhandapani Swaminathan Sethuraman Uma Maheswari Krishnan Anuradha Subramanian centre for Nanotechnology&Advanced Biomaterials School of Chemical&BiotechnologySASTRA Deemed UniversityThanjavur 613401India

Circulating tumor clusters(CTC)disseminating from the primary tumor are responsible for secondary tumor formation where the conventional treatments such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy does not prevent the metastasis at locally advanced stage of breast cancer.In this study,a smart nanotheranostic system has been developed to track and eliminate the CTCs before it can colonize at a new site,which would reduce metastatic progression and increase the five-year survival rate of the breast cancer patients.Targeted multiresponsive(magnetic hyperthermia and pH)nanomicelles incorporated with NIR fluorescent superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were developed based on self-assembly for dual modal imaging and dual toxicity for spontaneous killing of CTCs in blood stream.A heterogenous tumor clusters model was developed to mimic the CTCs isolated from breast cancer patients.The nanotheranostic system was further evaluated for the targeting property,drug release kinetics,hyperthermia and cytotoxicity against developed CTC model in vitro.In vivo model in BALB/c mice equivalent to stageⅢandⅣhuman metastatic breast cancer was developed to evaluate the biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of micellar nanotheranostic system.Reduced CTCs in blood stream and low distant organ metastasis after treatment with the nanotheranostic system demonstrates its potential to capture and kill the CTCs that minimize the secondary tumor formation at distant sites.

关键词： Self-assembly Hybrid nanotheranostic system Circulating tumor clusters Advanced breast cancer Cancer stem cells Heterogenous clusters SPIONs NIR Metastasis CD44

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Supplementation of L-ascorbic acid improves the in vitro development of buffalo(Bubalus bubalis)embryos and alters the expression of apoptosis-related genes

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Asian pacific Journal of Reproduction 2021年第1期10卷 36-42页

作者： Mayank Roshan Diksha Dua Ankur Sharma Manish Tiwari Manoj Kumar Singh Suresh Kumar Singla Prabhat Palta Radhay Sham Manik Manmohan Singh Chauhan Embryo biotechnology Lab Animal Biotechnology CentreICAR-National Dairy Research InstituteKarnalIndia

Objective:To study the effect of L-ascorbic acid supplementation on the in vitro development of buffalo embryos and evaluate the relative mRNA abundance of some pro-apoptotic,anti-apoptotic,and embryonic development-related genes.Methods:In experiment 1,we evaluated the effect of the addition of 0(control),50,and 100μM L-ascorbic acid to the in vitro maturation medium on the developmental competence in terms of blastocyst rate and relative mRNA abundance of some pro-apoptotic(BAX,BID),anti-apoptotic(BCL-XL,MCL1),and embryonic development(GDF9,BMP15)related genes.Based on the results,we chose 50μM as the suitable dose of L-ascorbic acid for the subsequent experiments.We further evaluated the blastocyst rates following the addition of 50μM L-ascorbic acid to the in vitro culture medium(experiment 2),and in vitro maturation and in vitro culture media(experiment 3).In all three experiments,the maturation and culture media devoid of L-ascorbic acid served as the control group.Results:The blastocyst rate after adding 50μM L-ascorbic acid to the in vitro maturation medium was significantly higher than the control group(P<0.05),whereas 100μM L-ascorbic acid exhibited a negative effect on the blastocyst rate.The blastocyst rates for embryos cultured in 50μM L-ascorbic acid in the in vitro culture medium alone and both in vitro maturation and in vitro culture media were significantly higher than their corresponding control groups(P<0.05).The relative mRNA abundance of BAX significantly decreased in blastocysts produced after the addition of 50μM L-ascorbic acid as compared with the control group(P<0.05),whereas,for MCL1,it significantly decreased in blastocysts produced after the addition of 100μM L-ascorbic acid(P<0.05).Conclusions:The supplementation of 50μM L-ascorbic acid to in vitro maturation and in vitro culture media supports in vitro embryonic development in buffaloes by improving developmental competence and altering the expression of apoptosis-related genes.

关键词： Buffalo Blastocyst In vitro embryo production L-ascorbic acid Oocyte

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Wheat leaf senescence and its regulatory gene network

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The Crop Journal 2021年第4期9卷 703-717页

作者： Nigarin Sultana Shahidul Islam Angela Juhasz Wujun Ma State Agriculture biotechnology centre Murdoch UniversityPerthWA 6150Australia

Wheat leaf senescence is a developmental process that involves expressional changes in thousands of genes that ultimately impact grain protein content(GPC), grain yield(GY), and nitrogen use efficiency.The onset and rate of senescence are strongly influenced by plant hormones and environmental factors e.g. nitrogen availability. At maturity, decrease in nitrogen uptake could enhance N remobilization from leaves and stem to grain, eventually leading to leaf senescence. Early senescence is related to high GPC and somewhat low yield whereas late senescence is often related to high yield and somewhat low GPC. Early or late senescence is principally regulated by up and down-regulation of senescence associated genes. Integration of external and internal factors together with genotypic variation influence senescence associated genes in a developmental age dependent manner. Although regulation of genes involved in senescence has been studied in rice, Arabidopsis, maize, and currently in wheat, there are genotypespecific variations yet to explore. A major effort is needed to understand the interaction of positive and negative senescence regulators in determining the onset of senescence. In wheat, increasing attention has been paid to understand the role of positive senescence regulator, e.g. GPC-1, regulated gene network during early senescence time course. Recently, gene regulatory network involved early to late senescence time course revealed important senescence regulators. However, the known negative senescence regulator Ta NAC-S gene has not been extensively studied in wheat and little is known about its value in breeding. Existing data on senescence-related transcriptome studies and gene regulatory network could effectively be used for functional study in developing nitrogen efficient wheat varieties.

关键词： Wheat(Triticum aestivum L.) Senescence Nitrogen use efficiency NAC transcription factor Stay-green

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Pathway engineering strategies for improved product yield in yeast-based industrial ethanol production

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Synthetic and Systems biotechnology 2022年第1期7卷 554-566页

作者： Aafke C.A.van Aalsta Sophie C.de Valk Walter M.van Gulik Mickel L.A.Jansen Jack T.Pronka Robert Mans Department of biotechnology Delft University of TechnologyVan der Maasweg 92629HZ Delftthe Netherlands DSM biotechnology centre Alexander Fleminglaan 12613AX Delftthe Netherlands

Product yield on carbohydrate feedstocks is a key performance indicator for industrial ethanol production with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.This paper reviews pathway engineering strategies for improving ethanol yield on glucose and/or sucrose in anaerobic cultures of this yeast by altering the ratio of ethanol production,yeast growth and glycerol formation.Particular attention is paid to strategies aimed at altering energy coupling of alcoholic fermentation and to strategies for altering redox-cofactor coupling in carbon and nitrogen meta-bolism that aim to reduce or eliminate the role of glycerol formation in anaerobic redox metabolism.In addition to providing an overview of scientific advances we discuss context dependency,theoretical impact and potential for industrial application of different proposed and developed strategies.

关键词： Saccharomyces cerevisiae Synthetic biology Metabolic engineering Biofuels Redox metabolism Energy metabolism

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Screening of solanum surrattense for antibacterial,antifungal,phytotoxic and haemagglutination

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 2012年第4期32卷 616-620页

作者： Haroon Ahmad Nasar Ali Bashir Ahmad Ibrar Khan centre of biotechnology and Microbiology University of Peshawar 25000Pakistan

OBJECTIVE:Plants produce a variety of useful bioactive materials that have been used to cure different ailments of human beings.With the same idea in mind,the crude methanolic extract and various fractions of Solanum surrattense were screened for antibacterial,antifungal,phytotoxic and heamagglutination activities.METHODS:Standardized assays were followed for the determination of antibacterial,antifungal phytotoxic and heamagglutination activity.RESULTS:The results of the antibacterial showed that crude methanolic extract was significantly active against Staphylococcus aureus(86%) The nhexane fraction showed good activity against Pseudomonas aerogenosa(66.6%) and Bacillus subtilus(66.6%).The crude methanolic extract and various fractions were inactive against all test fungi.The crude methanolic extract,n-hexane,CHCl 3 and aqueous fractions showed moderate phytotoxic activities of 46.67%,40.00%,33.34% and 33.34% respectively at 1000 μg/mL.The crude methanolic extract and various fractions S.surrattense were unable to agglutinate RBCs of the human blood indicating that this species lack phytolectins.CONCLUSION:The test sample showed significant antibacterial activity,no antifungal and heamagglutination activity while moderate phytotoxic was observed against Lemna minor L.

关键词：抗菌活性血凝活性筛选防霉 PHY 甲醇提取物生物活性物质金黄色葡萄球菌

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