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Diagnosis of West Nile virus infections:Evaluation of different laboratory methods

World Journal of Virology 2024年第4期13卷 51-61页

作者： Tatjana Vilibic-Cavlek Maja Bogdanic Vladimir Savic Zeljka Hruskar Ljubo Barbic Vladimir Stevanovic Ljiljana Antolasic Ljiljana Milasincic Dario Sabadi Gorana Miletic Ivona Coric Anna Mrzljak Eddy Listes Giovanni Savini Department of Virology Croatian Institute of Public HealthZagreb 10000Croatia School of Medicine University of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Poultry Center Croatian Veterinary InstituteZagreb 10000Croatia Department of microbiology and infectious diseases with Clinic Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Department of infectious diseases Clinical Hospital Center OsijekOsijek 31000Croatia Medical Faculty Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of OsijekOsijek 31000Croatia Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology University Hospital Center ZagrebZagreb 10000Croatia Croatian Veterinary Institute Veterinary Institute SplitSplit 21000Croatia OIE Reference Center for West Nile Disease Istituto Zooprofilattico SperimentaleG.CaporaleTeramo 64100Italy

BACKGROUND The diagnosis of West Nile virus(WNV)is challenging due to short-term and low-level viremia,flavivirus cross-reactivity,and long immunoglobulin M(IgM)*** To evaluate different methods for WNV detection[reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),IgM/IgG antibodies,IgG avidity]in serum,cerebrospinal fluid(CSF),and urine samples of patients with confirmed WNV *** The study included patients with confirmed WNV neuroinvasive infection(n=62),asymptomatic WNV seropositive individuals(n=22),and individuals with false-positive WNV IgM antibodies(n=30).WNV RNA was detected using RT-PCR.A commercial ELISA was used to detect WNV IgM/IgG antibodies with confirmation of cross-reactive samples using a virus neutralization test(VNT).IgG-positive samples were tested for IgG *** The WNV-RNA detection rates were significantly higher in the urine(54.5%)/serum(46.4%)than in CSF(32.2%).According to the sampling time,the WNV-RNA detection rates in urine collected within 7 days/8-14/≥15 days were 29.4/66.6/62.5%(P=0.042).However,these differences were not observed in the *** median RT-PCR cycle threshold values were significantly lower in urine(32.5,IQR=28-34)than in CSF(34.5,IQR=33-36).The frequency of positive WNV IgM and IgG significantly differed according to the sampling time in serum but not in *** IgM/IgG antibodies were detected in 84.3/9.3%of serum samples collected within 7 days,100/71.1%of samples collected 8-14,and 100%samples collected after≥15 *** WNV infection was confirmed by low/borderline avidity index(AI)in 13.6%of asymptomatic individuals.A correlation between ELISA and AI was strong negative for IgM and strong positive for *** significant correlation between ELISA IgG and VNT was *** The frequency of WNV RNA and antibody detection depends on the sampling time and type of clinical *** avidity could differentiate recent WNV infections from long-persisting IgM antibo

关键词： West Nile virus Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction Serology IgG avidity Cross-reactivity

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Assessment of Appropriateness of Diagnostic Lymph Node Tissue Collection from the Operating Theater and by Interventional Radiologist. A Clinical Audit

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Advances in infectious diseases 2024年第3期14卷 541-548页

作者： Kowthar Salman Hassan Divya Deodhar Abdullah T. Al-Rawahi Mahmood H. Al Abri Department of Medicine Infectious Diseases Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Muscat Oman Department of Infection Control Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Muscat Oman Department of Radiology and Molecular Imaging Sultan Qaboos University Hospital Muscat Oman

Background: Appropriate sample requesting, collecting and timely dispatch to the appropriate laboratory is essential in establishing diagnosis of pathologies with lesions. Much time and effort may be wasted if this is not done according to certain standards. We conducted this study to assess the route of lymph node samples from requests to reaching the laboratories. Methods: We conducted an audit over a period from 4th June until 10th Aug 2023. Data for all the procedures performed over this period on lymph node samples (was entered into and analysed using Excel. Results: A total of eighteen samples for sixteen patients were obtained during this period. Median age of the patients was 34 years (19 - 73) with a M:F ratio of 5:11. Among the IR samples, nine samples were from the neck, three from inguinal area and one from axilla. Seven samples (53.8%) were tru-cut biopsies, six samples (46.15%) were FNA. All samples were sent to the pathology laboratory fixed in formalin. Samples for TB were sent only for five cases (31.25%) and for only two cases (12.5%) were samples sent for bacterial culture. For the OR samples, none were sent for either bacterial culture or TB. Overall, eight patients (50%) were not investigated for any infectious etiologies like brucella, toxoplasmosis, CMV, EBV plus other possible causes. Repeat sampling was required for 25% of patients (within and out of the audit period). Conclusions: to avoid delays in making diagnoses, it is paramount to consider infectious etiologies as possible diagnosis for lymphadenopathy and request appropriate investigations. This requires liaising with infectious diseases/clinical microbiology experts to guide regarding types of samples, types of media and timely dispatch to the correct laboratory.

关键词： Clinical Audit Clinical Samples Biopsies Lymph Nodes Saline Formalin Quality Improvement

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Seroprevalence of SARS-COV-2 Exposure among “High-Risk” Populations (Healthcare Workers, People Who Attend Markets, and School Children) in Zanzibar

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Advances in infectious diseases 2024年第1期14卷 34-55页

作者： Ame Masemo Solomon Mwakasungula Khamis Kheir Erick Mgina Nahya Khamis Irabi Kassim Bihila Bakar Khamis Salim Sarah Mswata Kibwana Omar Theckla Kazimoto Linzy Elton Honorati Masanja Mayassa Ally Zanzibar Health Research Institute Binguni Zanzibar Ifakara Health Institute Bagamoyo Tanzania National Institute for Medical Research Muhimbili centre Dar es Salaam Tanzania Binguni Public Health Laboratory Binguni Zanzibar Department of microbiology Mnazi Mmoja Hospital Stone Town Zanzibar centre for Clinical microbiology Royal Free Hospital Campus University College London London UK

In Zanzibar, from the start of the pandemic in March 2020 to the time of sampling in December 2020, SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence data was limited. We conducted a seroprevalence study to evaluate the magnitude of SARS-CoV-2 exposure among healthcare workers, school children, and people who attended general markets in Zanzibar. The objectives of the study were to analyse the total antibodies from selected higher-risk population groups in order to determine magnitude in SARS CoV-2 exposure. Blood samples were collected from eligible and consented participants (adults and children), and their serum was analyzed for total antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using ELISA. A questionnaire was used to collect participants’ demographic and clinical data. The overall SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence across all age groups was 33%, and a higher seroprevalence was observed in the 40 - 49 years’ age group relative to other ages as well as in those who attended markets. A runny nose (18.8% of participants) was the most frequently reported SARS-CoV-2 infection-related symptom. Multivariable analysis showed significantly higher odds of infection in people living in urban districts. The findings provide insight into SARS-CoV-2 infection among school children, health workers, and people who attended markets in Zanzibar in the early stages of the pandemic. Exposure in these groups might have been influenced by infection and prevention strategies taken by the government, as well as shopping behavior, school overcrowding, and population density in urban settings. The study had methodological limitations, including cross-sectional design. Further, well-designed, longitudinal studies are recommended to understand exposure and transmission at a population level.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence Zanzibar ELISA COVID-19

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Molecular Detection of Pathogens Involved in Sexually Transmitted Infections in Brazzaville, Congo

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Open Journal of Medical microbiology 2024年第3期14卷 190-205页

作者： Jeanine Mireille Sita Maboundou Bitsi Nina Esther Ngoyi Ontsira Edith Sophie Kombo Bayonne Tanguy Mieret Geril Sekangue Obili Herlen Tsoumou Lina Foungou Kessengue Samantha Potokoue Mpia Chloé Dupont Guilhem Conquet Gickel Mpika Bitsene Bienvenu Roland Ibara Ossibi Axel Aloumba Etienne Nguimbi Sylvain Godreuil Faculty of Sciences and Technology Marien NGOUABI University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Faculty of Health Sciences Marien NGOUABI University Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Bacteriology-Virology Laboratory University Hospital Center Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Department of infectious diseases Referral Hospital Center of Talanga Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Parasitology-Mycology Laboratory University Hospital Center Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics University Hospital Center Brazzaville Republic of the Congo UMR IRD224-CNRS5290-UM MIVEGEC Infectious Diseases and Vectors: Ecology Genetics Evolution and Control CREES (Reshearch Center in Ecology and Evolution Health) Montpellier France Bacteriology Laboratory Arnaud de Villeneuve University Hospital CHU of Montpellier Montpellier France Department of infectious diseases University Hospital Center Brazzaville Republic of the Congo

The objective of this multicentric study was to assess the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma génitalium and Trichomonas vaginalis infections in Brazzaville, in the Republic of Congo, using molecular methods. From January to December 2021, the sexually transmitted disease risk participants were recruited from six centers: The Association of Young HIV-Positive People of Congo, The Congolese Association for Family Welfare, The Association for Support to Vulnerable Groups, Talangaï hospital, Brazzaville university hospital (outpatient service) and the private clinic COGEMO (outpatient service). The real-time multiplex PCR was carried out to detect these pathogens. Each patient had at least one specimen (urine, urethral, anal and/or vaginal samples). The patients were considered infected when one of their samples was positive. 287 participants made of 227 women and 60 men were tested. The general prevalence of these infections was: Chlamydia trachomatis 2.79%, Neisseria gonorrhoeae 3.14%, Mycoplasma génitalium 3.45% and Trichomonas vaginalis 2.97. The prevalence rates according to sex were: C. trachomatis, M. génitalium, N. gonorrhea and T. vaginalis were 1.32%, 2.05%, 1.32% and 3.42% in women and 8.33%, 7.02%, 10% and 1.75% in men, respectively. Most infected patients were asymptomatic. Prevalence rates were higher in bisexual individuals, with the exception of T. vaginalis which showed higher prevalence in heterosexual patients. The bisexual and homosexual individuals represent a major public health problem in sexually active young adults, particularly among men having sex with men. These sexually transmitted infections are mainly asymptomatic, their diagnosis and management remain difficult in developing countries.

关键词： Prevalence Chlamydia trachomatis Neisseria gonorrhoeae Mycoplasma génitalium Trichomonas vaginalis

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Evaluation of Interferon-Gamma Release Assay Testing and Tuberculin Skin Test for Early Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Children and Adolescents

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Open Journal of Pediatrics 2024年第3期14卷 558-567页

作者： Yelda Sorguç Miray Çelebi Yılmaz Yüce Ayhan Yakup Yaman Şener Tulumoğlu Aybüke Akaslan Kara İlker Devrim University of Health Sciences Dr. Beh&#231et Uz Child Disease and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital Medical Microbiology &#304zmir T&#252rkiye Department of Pediatric infectious diseases University of Health Sciences Dr. Beh&#231et Uz Child Disease and Pediatric Surgery Training and Research Hospital &#304zmir T&#252rkiye

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of interferon-γ release assay (IGRA), a sensitive microbiological diagnostic method, in children and adolescents with suspected tuberculosis in a country with a high burden of tuberculosis. Method: This study included 581 children and adolescents aged 4 - 19 years who were suspected of having tuberculosis, were latently infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, and had received at least one dose of BCG vaccine between April 17, 2019, and February 24, 2021. The study evaluated the TST results of 106 patients who had a positive Quantiferon test and were suspected of having tuberculosis. Results: The study included 581 patients aged between 4 and 19 years. Of these, 106 patients tested positive for the Quantiferon test, while 19 were indeterminate and 456 were negative. The Quantiferon test positivity rate was 18.24%. Among the 106 QFT-Plus-positive cases, 23 patients also tested positive for TST. The difference in distribution was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The QFT-Plus test is considered an alternative to TST and other microbiological diagnostic methods for early tuberculosis diagnosis, particularly in children and adolescents.

关键词： Interferon Gamma Release Assay Children Tuberculin Test Children Latent Tuberculosis

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Natural variables separate the endemic areas of Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini along a continuous, straight zone in Southeast Asia

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 1-13页

作者： Zheng Jin-Xin Zhu Hui-Hui Xia Shang Qian Men-Bao Nguyen Hung Manh Sripa Banchob Sayasone Somphou Khieu Virak Bergquist Robert Zhou Xiao-Nong School of Global Health Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China One Health Center Shanghai Jiao Tong University The University of Edinburgh Shanghai China National Institute of Parasitic diseases at Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical diseases Research) NHC Key Laboratory of Parasites and Vectors Biology WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases Shanghai China Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources Graduate University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Hoang Quoc Viet Street Hanoi Vietnam WHO Collaborating centre for Research and Control of Opisthorchiasis (Southeast Asian Liver Fluke Disease) Tropical Disease Research Laboratory Department of Tropical Medicine Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Mittraparb Road Khon Kaen Thailand Lao Tropical and Public Health Institute Ministry of Health Vientiane Lao PDR National centre for Parasitology Entomology and Malaria Control Ministry of Health Phnom Penh Cambodia Ingerod Brastad Sweden (formerly at the UNICEF/UNDP/World Bank/WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases) World Health Organization Geneva Switzerland

Background Clonorchiasis and opisthorchiasis, caused by the liver flukesClonorchis sinensis andOpisthorchis viverrini respectively, represent significant neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) in Asia. The co-existence of these pathogens in overlapping regions complicates effective disease control strategies. This study aimed to clarify the distribution and interaction of these diseases within Southeast *** We systematically collated occurrence records of human clonorchiasis (n = 1809) and opisthorchiasis (n = 731) across the Southeast Asia countries. Utilizing species distribution models incorporating environmental and climatic data, coupled machine learning algorithms with boosted regression trees, we predicted and distinguished endemic areas for each fluke species. Machine learning techniques, including geospatial analysis, were employed to delineate the boundaries between these *** Our analysis revealed that the endemic range ofC. sinensis andO. viverrini in Southeast Asia primarily spans across part of China, Vietnam, Thailand, Laos, and Cambodia. During the period from 2000 to 2018, we identifiedC. sinensis infections in 84 distinct locations, predominantly in southern China (Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region) and northern Vietnam. In a stark contrast,O. viverrini was more widely distributed, with infections documented in 721 locations across Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, and Vietnam. Critical environmental determinants were quantitatively analyzed, revealing annual mean temperatures ranging between 14 and 20 °C in clonorchiasis-endemic areas and 24–30 °C in opisthorchiasis regions (P < 0.05). The machine learning model effectively mapped a distinct demarcation zone, demonstrating a clear separation between the endemic areas of these two liver flukes with AUC from 0.9 to1. The study in Vietnam delineates the coexistence and geographical boundaries ofC. sinensis andO. viverrini, revealing distinct endemic zones and a transitional area where both live

关键词： Liver fluke Clonorchiasis Opisthorchiasis Clonorchis sinensis Opisthorchis viverrine Southeast Asia Machine learning Ecological study

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Chronic hepatitis B virus infection in Eastern Ethiopia:Clinical characteristics and determinants of cirrhosis

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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第7期16卷 995-1008页

作者： Nejib Y Ismael Semir A Usmael Nega B Belay Hailemichael Desalegn Mekonen Asgeir Johannessen Stian MS Orlien Haramaya University College of Health and Medical SciencesHarar 252Ethiopia Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology Addis Ababa UniversityAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Regional centre for Imported and Tropical diseases Oslo University HospitalOslo 0450UllevålNorway Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and Hepatology UnitSaint Paul’s Hospital Millennium Medical CollegeAddis Ababa 1000Ethiopia Department of infectious Disease Vestfold Hospital TrustTønsberg 3103Norway Institute of Clinical Medicine Oslo UniversityOslo 0318Norway Department of PediatricsOslo UniversityOslo 0450UllevålNorway

BACKGROUND Chronic hepatitis B(CHB)virus infection is a major cause of liver-associated morbidity and mortality,particularly in low-income countries.A better understanding of the epidemiological,clinical,and virological characteristics of CHB will guide appropriate treatment strategies and improve the control and management of CHB in *** To investigate the characteristics of CHB in Eastern Ethiopia and assess the efficacy and safety of antiviral *** This cohort study included 193 adults who were human immunodeficiency virus-negative with CHB between June 2016 and December *** assessments included chemistry,serologic,and viral markers.χ^(2) tests,Mann-Whitney U tests,and logistic regression analyses were used to identify the determinants of *** disoproxil fumarate(TDF)was initiated using treatment criteria from the Ethiopian CHB pilot *** A total of 132 patients(68.4%)were men,with a median age of 30 years[interquartile range(IQR):24-38].At enrollment,60(31.1%)patients had cirrhosis,of whom 35(58.3%)had decompensated *** use,hepatitis B envelope antigen positivity,and a high viral load were independently associated with ***,66 patients(33.4%)fulfilled the treatment criteria and 59(30.6%)started *** 29 patients who completed 24 months of treatment,the median aspartate aminotransferase to platelet ratio index declined from 1.54(IQR:0.66-2.91)to 1.10(IQR:0.75-2.53)(P=0.002),and viral suppression was achieved in 80.9%and 100%of patients after 12 months and 24 months of treatment,*** the treated patients,12(20.3%)died within the first 6 months of treatment,of whom 8 had decompensated *** This study highlights the high prevalence of cirrhosis,initial mortality,and the efficacy of TDF *** up measures to prevent and control CHB infections in Ethiopia is crucial.

关键词： Chronic hepatitis B Cirrhosis Cohort study Resource-limited settings Sub-Saharan Africa

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Anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects of amiodarone

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2009年第4期10卷 317-322页

作者： Gunnur OZBAKIS-DENGIZ Aysegul BAKIRCI Department of Pharmacology Medical Faculty Karaelmas University Department of infectious diseases and Clinical microbiology Public Hospitals

Amiodarone hydrochloride is a potent anti-arrhythmic agent, known as a multiple ion-channel blocker in the heart. Although it has been detected in the rat brain, there are no data related to its central nervous system （CNS） effects. In this study, we evaluated anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects of amiodarone. Convulsions were induced by phentylenetetrazole （PTZ）（100 mg/kg） or caffeine （300 mg/kg） in mice. In both models, amiodarone prolonged both latency period and time to death, and acted as an anticonvulsant drug. It was found to be more effective in the PTZ model than in the caffeine model; none of the animals treated with 150 mg/kg dose amiodarone had died in the PTZ model. For hypnotic effect, sleeping was induced with pentobarbital （35 mg/kg） in rats. Amiodarone dose-dependently increased the sleeping time （677.7%-725.9%）. In the sleeping test, all rats in 200 mg/kg amiodarone group died. In conclusion, anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects of amiodarone have shown the depressant effects on CNS. These effects may be dependent on its pharmacological properties.

关键词： Amiodarone Phentylenetetrazole (PTZ) Caffeine Convulsion Sleeping

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Neurocysticercosis causing sudden death:a case report

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2010年第8期3卷 669-670页

作者： Martinez Fernanda Seley Celeste Marchesi Liliana Fontanarossa Victoria Rodriguez Dominique Troncoso Alcides Department of microbiology Parasitology and Infectious DiseasesSchool of MedicineBuenos Aires University

We report an acute case of a native man from Bolivia suffered from cephalalgia which rapidly worsened and ended in his sudden and unexpected *** resonance imaging(MRI) of the brain was *** demonstrated on brain MRI scan were consistent with a diagnosis of neurocysticercosis(NCC).An autopsy showed the presence of intraventricular Taenia solium(***) cysts which caused blockage of cerebrospinal fluid and secondary *** to the increasing travel movements of people neurocysticercosis must be considered as a cause of unexplained sudden death.

关键词： Neurocysticercosis Taenia solium Sudden death

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Bioinhibition of diarrhogenic Gram-positive bacterial pathogens by potential indigenous probiotics

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2008年第2期1卷 7-11页

作者： Adenike A.O.Ogunshe Applied microbiology and infectious diseases Department of Botany & MicrobiologyUniversity of IbadanIbadanNigeria

High level infant mortality rates and onset of drug resistance has led into the possible development of indigenous probiotics as alternative bacteriotherapy in the control of infantile bacterial *** study was to determine the in vitro inhibitory potential of four probiotic candidates obtained from Nigerian indigenous fermented foods and beverages and from faecal specimens of healthy infants on infantile Gram-positive diarrhogenic bacterial *** probiotic candidates,AAOOL4,*** AAOOCH1,*** AA0025NN and *** AAOOT20 were assayed for in vitro bactericidal effects on diarrhogenic bacterial test strains-Bacillus cereus 25S,*** 32S,*** 26S and *** *** the test strains inoculated into an industrial infant weaning food already seeded with the probiotic strains were significantly inhibited within 96 *** AAOOL4,*** AAOOCH1,*** AAOO25NN and *** AAOOT20 had in vitro bactericidal effects on bacteri isolates implicated in infantile diarrhoea,indicating the probiotic potential of the candidates.

关键词： bactericidal biotherapy diarrhoea infantile probiotics tropics

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