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Neurogenesis dynamics in the olfactory bulb:deciphering circuitry organization, function, and adaptive plasticity

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第6期20卷 1565-1581页

作者： Moawiah M.Naffaa department of Psychology and Neuroscience Duke UniversityDurhamNCUSA department of Cell Biology Duke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA

Adult neurogenesis persists after birth in the subventricular zone, with new neurons migrating to the granule cell layer and glomerular layers of the olfactory bulb, where they integrate into existing circuitry as inhibitory interneurons. The generation of these new neurons in the olfactory bulb supports both structural and functional plasticity, aiding in circuit remodeling triggered by memory and learning processes. However, the presence of these neurons, coupled with the cellular diversity within the olfactory bulb, presents an ongoing challenge in understanding its network organization and function. Moreover,the continuous integration of new neurons in the olfactory bulb plays a pivotal role in regulating olfactory information processing. This adaptive process responds to changes in epithelial composition and contributes to the formation of olfactory memories by modulating cellular connectivity within the olfactory bulb and interacting intricately with higher-order brain regions. The role of adult neurogenesis in olfactory bulb functions remains a topic of debate. Nevertheless, the functionality of the olfactory bulb is intricately linked to the organization of granule cells around mitral and tufted cells. This organizational pattern significantly impacts output, network behavior, and synaptic plasticity, which are crucial for olfactory perception and memory. Additionally, this organization is further shaped by axon terminals originating from cortical and subcortical regions. Despite the crucial role of olfactory bulb in brain functions and behaviors related to olfaction, these complex and highly interconnected processes have not been comprehensively studied as a whole. Therefore, this manuscript aims to discuss our current understanding and explore how neural plasticity and olfactory neurogenesis contribute to enhancing the adaptability of the olfactory system. These mechanisms are thought to support olfactory learning and memory, potentially through increased

关键词： network adaptability neurogenesis neuronal communication olfactory bulb olfactory learning olfactory memory synaptic plasticity

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Dynamic Multi-Graph Spatio-Temporal Graph Traffic Flow Prediction in Bangkok:An Application of a Continuous Convolutional Neural Network

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences 2025年第1期142卷 579-607页

作者： Pongsakon Promsawat Weerapan Sae-dan Marisa Kaewsuwan Weerawat Sudsutad Aphirak Aphithana department of Civil Engineering Faculty of EngineeringRamkhamkaeng UniversityBangkok10240Thailand department of Computer Engineering Faculty of EngineeringRamkhamkaeng UniversityBangkok10240Thailand department of Statistics Faculty of ScienceRamkhamkaeng UniversityBangkok10240Thailand

The ability to accurately predict urban traffic flows is crucial for optimising city ***,various methods for forecasting urban traffic have been developed,focusing on analysing historical data to understand complex mobility *** learning techniques,such as graph neural networks(GNNs),are popular for their ability to capture spatio-temporal ***,these models often become overly complex due to the large number of hyper-parameters *** this study,we introduce Dynamic Multi-Graph Spatial-Temporal Graph Neural Ordinary Differential Equation Networks(DMST-GNODE),a framework based on ordinary differential equations(ODEs)that autonomously discovers effective spatial-temporal graph neural network(STGNN)architectures for traffic prediction *** comparative analysis of DMST-GNODE and baseline models indicates that DMST-GNODE model demonstrates superior performance across multiple datasets,consistently achieving the lowest Root Mean Square Error(RMSE)and Mean Absolute Error(MAE)values,alongside the highest *** the BKK(Bangkok)dataset,it outperformed other models with an RMSE of 3.3165 and an accuracy of 0.9367 for a 20-min interval,maintaining this trend across 40 and 60 ***,on the PeMS08 dataset,DMST-GNODE achieved the best performance with an RMSE of 19.4863 and an accuracy of 0.9377 at 20 min,demonstrating its effectiveness over longer *** Los_Loop dataset results further emphasise this model’s advantage,with an RMSE of 3.3422 and an accuracy of 0.7643 at 20 min,consistently maintaining superiority across all time *** numerical highlights indicate that DMST-GNODE not only outperforms baseline models but also achieves higher accuracy and lower errors across different time intervals and datasets.

关键词： Graph neural networks convolutional neural network deep learning dynamic multi-graph spatio-temporal

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Ethno-Medico-Biology of Bhadrak district, Odisha, India

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Journal of Forestry Research 2013年第1期24卷 187-192页

作者： T. Panda N. Mishra B. K. Tripathy P. K. Das R.B.Mohanty department of botany S.N.CollegeRajkanikaKendrapara- 754220OdishaIndia. department of Zoology Chandbali CollegeChandbaliBhadrak-756133OdishaIndia department of botany Dharmasala MohavidyalayaDharmasalaJajpurOdishaIndia department of botany Aul CollegeAulKendraparaOdishaIndia department of botany N.C.Autonomous CollegeJajpurOdishaIndia

We carried out an ethno-medico-biological investigation in the interior of Bhadrak district, Odisha, India to explore the therapeutic use of traditional plants/animals by local inhabitants. The villagers and rural people used plant and animal species as medicine. We recorded therapeutic use of 18 plant species of 13 families and 12 animal species of seven taxonomic categories. Different plant/animal parts like bark, leaf, flower, seed, stem, root, whole plant, oil, blood, milk, urine and flesh were reported as used in raw or cooked form against 17 specific diseases. Prominent diseases treated by plant/animal remedies were asthma, cardiovascular ailments, diabetes, epilepsy, jaundice, malaria, skin disorder and rheumatism. This study provides a better database for future studies.

关键词： Ethnobiology folklore phytotherapy traditional knowledge zootherapy

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In vitro anticancer activity of polysaccharide extracted from red alga Jania rubens against breast and colon cancer cell lines

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2018年第10期11卷 583-589页

作者： Saly Gheda Mostafa El-Sheekh Alaa Abou-Zeid botany department Faculty of Science Tanta University

Objective: To evaluate the potential role of the polysaccharides of the marine algae as an anticancer agent in vitro against colon cancer cell line(CoCa2) and breast cancer(MCF7) cell lines and to measure lactate dehydrogenase enzyme(LDH) activity as biomarker of membrane integrity of the cells. Methods: The cells of breast cancer(MCF7) and colon cancer(CoCa2)were used to evaluate the potential anticancer role of the polysaccharides of marine algae. Antiproliferative activity against MCF7 and CoCa2 cell lines were evaluated in vitro by the 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2 H-tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay. Results: The in vitro assay of the antioxidant activity of eight marine seaweed species showed that the red seaweed Jania rubens(J. rubens) had the highest DPPH(2,2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging activity. The extracted polysaccharides with concentrations 0.1–40.0 mg/mL from J. rubens were tested for its anticancer potentiality and cytotoxic effects against the cell lines of human breast(MCF7) and colon cancer(CoCa2) cell lines by MTT assay. The inhibitory concentration at 50 (IC_(50)) value the of J. rubens polysaccharide extract was 0.312 5 mg/mL for MCF7 and 20 mg/mL for CoCa2. LDH activity and annexin V concentration were higher in the treated MCF7 and CaCo2 cells than in the untreated ones. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique indicated that the polysaccharide treatments caused up-regulation of Bax, caspase 8 and P53 genes expression in CoCa2 cells, and up-regulation of caspase 3 and down-regulation of Bcl2 genes expression in MCF7 cells. Conclusions: The polysaccharides of the red marine alga J. rubens could be a potential candidate for the natural compounds as antioxidant and anticancer therapy.

关键词： Marine algae Antioxidant activity Cytotoxicity Apoptosis Lactate dehydrogenase Polymerase chain reaction

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Cryptic exon inclusion in TDP-43 proteinopathies:opportunities and challenges

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 2003-2004页

作者： Lorena Decker Sonja Menge Axel Freischmidt department of Neurology Ulm UniversityUlmGermany

TDP-43 proteinopathies and cryptic exons:Transactive response DNA binding protein of 43 kDa(TDP-43)is a ubiquitously expressed RNA/DNA binding protein crucial for coding and non-coding RNA metabolism including transcription,splicing,transport,translation,and ***-43 shuttles between the nucleus and cytoplasm,but is predominantly localized in the *** diseases(NDs)may be accompanied by nuclear loss and possible cytoplasmic accumulation and aggregation of TDP-43 in vulnerable neurons and *** neuropathology is the hallmark of most individuals suffering from amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALS),frontotemporal dementia(FTD)with TDP-43-immunoreactive pathology(FTD-TDP),limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy(LATE)and Perry syndrome,but also coexists with the primary pathology in subsets of patients suffering from other NDs,such as Alzheimer’s disease,Lewy body dementias,or Huntington’s *** in the gene encoding TDP-43(TARDBP)are the cause of ALS and/or FTD in some rare cases substantiating the importance of this protein in aging *** is still controversial if loss of nuclear,or increased cytoplasmic and/or aggregating TDP-43 is more harmful to neurons(Nag and Schneider,2023).Recently,the role of nuclear TDP-43 in repressing the inclusion of intronic sequences,named cryptic exons(CEs),into mature mRNAs gained much attention.

关键词： Huntington metabolism TDP

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A study of commonly occurring fungal diseases on stored tomatoes of Kathmandu Valley

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Studies in Fungi 2021年第1期6卷 159-167页

作者： Shakya B Aryal HP Natural History Museum Tribhuvan UniversitySwayambhuKathmanduNepal central department of botany Tribhuvan UniversityKirtipurNepal

Fungal pathogens destruct the quality and quantity of tomato production and cause health hazards to the consumers as well as economic loss to the *** study was carried out to identify some fungal diseases associated with post-harvest deterioration of stored tomato fruits in three vegetable markets of Lagankhel,Balkhu and Kalimati of Kathmandu *** samples were collected from selected sites in three separate trials and cultured in Potato Dextrose *** investigation,16 species belonging to 15 genera of fungi were *** were Alternaria alternata,***,Aspergillus niger,Botrytis cinerea,Cladosporium fulvum,Colletotrichum truncatum,Curvularia tetramera,Fusarium oxysporum,Geotrichum candidum,Mucor mucedo,Penicillium notatum,Phytophthora infestans,Phoma exigua,Pullularia pullulans,Pythium aphanidermatum and Rhizopus *** were responsible for 15 different diseases of Alternaria fruit rot,Anthracnose,Black mold rot,Botrytis Bunch Rot,Damping off/fruit rot,Drechslera mold,Fusarium rot,Mucor rot,Penicillium rot,Phoma blight,Phytophthora rot,Rhizopus rot,Russet,Scab and Sour *** presence of these fungi and corresponding rot diseases on stored tomato indicate the need for management of fungi,farm sanitation and improved market in order to prevent field-to-storage transmission of pathogens.

关键词： Consumers Health hazards Pathogens Post-harvest diseases Traders

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Initial floristic composition of rehabilitated gullies through bioengineering in the Mixteca Region, Sierra Madre del Sur, Mexico

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Journal of Mountain Science 2018年第10期15卷 2120-2135页

作者： Verónica Guadalupe LIRA-CABALLERO Mario Roberto MARTíNEZ-MENEZ Angélica ROMERO-MANZANARES Edmundo GARCíA-MOYA department of Hydrosciences Colegio de Postgraduados department of botany Colegio de Postgraduados

Re-vegetation plays a fundamental role for erosion control and plant recovery in lands affected by gully erosion. Bioengineered practices facilitate the gullies rehabilitation. Objectives of the research were: 1) Identify taxonomically the pioneer vegetation on each gully section; 2) Characterize vegetation distribution preferences and 3) Assess structural/functional traits to recognize erosion control key species. Bioengineering was applied in a watershed belonging to Sierra Madre del Sur, at Oaxaca, Mexico, on eight gullies, with local support and minimal investment. "La Mixteca" is a poor ecological and socio-economic region, comparable to other regions of the world. The Initial Floristic Composition(IFC) inventory is the baseline of the successional process. The transect method was used to determine the colonization of species. Cover abundance of registered species was estimated using the semi-quantitative scale of Braun-Blanquet. This procedure was repeated in five different positions(floor, hillslopes and tops), in the cross section of the gully. Throughcorrespondence analysis and clustering, the distribution of species was analyzed. Adequate responses were obtained in soil retention(quantity) and plant cover(existence and diversity); as measurable indicators of the bioengeneering works efficiency. Occupation of soil by native species from the Tropical Deciduous Forest was favored using live barriers. We detected species guilds with spatial distribution preferences in the gullies cross section. Plant cover characterization includes: native colonizer species, herbaceous, shrubby and trees of the forest community bordering the gully area, with cover abundance and structural/functional traits, useful to protect degraded areas. This spatial occupation process of plants responds to a secondary succession in gullies, where the proposed IFC model is correctly represented through bioengineering. Natural establishment of plants was successful by traits of species such

关键词： Semi-arid environment Mexico Gully erosion Plant colonization Multivariate analysis Braun-Blanquet method

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P2Y1 receptor in Alzheimer’s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 440-453页

作者： Shan Luo Yifei Wang Tatsuhiro Hisatsune department of Integrated Biosciences The University of TokyoKashiwaJapan

Alzheimer’s disease is the most frequent form of dementia characterized by the deposition of amyloid-beta plaques and neurofibrillary tangles consisting of hyperphosphorylated *** amyloid-beta plaques has been a primary direction for developing Alzheimer’s disease treatments in the last ***,existing drugs targeting amyloid-beta plaques have not fully yielded the expected results in the clinic,necessitating the exploration of alternative therapeutic *** evidence unravels that astrocyte morphology and function alter in the brain of Alzheimer’s disease patients,with dysregulated astrocytic purinergic receptors,particularly the P2Y1 receptor,all of which constitute the pathophysiology of Alzheimer’s *** receptors are not only crucial for maintaining normal astrocyte function but are also highly implicated in neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s *** review delves into recent insights into the association between P2Y1 receptor and Alzheimer’s disease to underscore the potential neuroprotective role of P2Y1 receptor in Alzheimer’s disease by mitigating neuroinflammation,thus offering promising avenues for developing drugs for Alzheimer’s disease and potentially contributing to the development of more effective treatments.

关键词： astrocytes neuroinflammation P2Y1 receptor purinergic receptor

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Fate and toxicity of nanoparticles in aquatic systems

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Acta Geochimica 2023年第1期42卷 63-76页

作者： Shikha Singh Sheo Mohan Prasad Gausiya Bashri Ranjan Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory Department of BotanyUniversity of Allahabad211002 AllahabadIndia department of botany Aligarh Muslim University202001 AligarhIndia

Nanotechnology is a ground-breaking multidisciplinary fi eld across a broad spectrum of basic and applied sciences for producing and applying nano-sized materials for innovative *** use of nanomaterials in industrial applications,medical products,and consumers has increased repeatedly over the last few years,and these applications will likely continue to *** an aquatic ecosystem,nanoparticles take entry through a direct route that includes industrial discharge,disposal of wastewater treatment e ffl uents,and indirect runof f from the *** reaching the aquatic environment,the nanomaterials are highly af fected by their backdrops and subsequently go through various conversions like agglomeration,aggregation,dissolution,sulfi dation,*** fate and the behavior of nanomaterials in the aquatic system not only depend on their physical-chemical properties but also on the pH,temperature,salinity,water hardness,and concentration of natural organic matter present in receiving *** this review,emphasis has been given to the toxicological properties and potential risks of nanomaterials in terms of factors contributing to their toxicology,bioavailability,and accumulation in aquatic organisms as well as the ***,we summarize the published data on engineered nanoparticles’ef fect on aquatic *** issues related to the accumulation and penetration of nanoparticles in the aquatic organism,their toxic ef fect,and biotransformation along with the food web are also *** nanomaterials are being increasingly released into aquatic bodies,it is important to pay greater attention to their toxicity and how it af fects the aquatic *** nanomaterials are bioavailable to plants,resulting in trophic transfer,and they impact other organisms through biomagnifi cation,as discussed in this *** close the enormous information gap,extensive research on the interactions and impacts of NPs on dif ferent species belonging to di

关键词： wastewater sized likely

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Miyaoka-type inequalities for terminal threefolds with nef anti-canonical divisors

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Science China Mathematics 2025年第1期68卷 1-18页

作者： Masataka Iwai Chen Jiang Haidong Liu department of Mathematics Graduate School of ScienceOsaka University Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences & School of Mathematical Sciences Fudan University department of mathematics Sun Yat-sen University

In this paper,we study Miyaoka-type inequalities on Chern classes of terminal projective 3-folds with nef anti-canonical *** X be a terminal projective 3-fold such that-KXis *** show that if c1（X） · c2（X）≠0,then c1（X） · c2（X） ≥ 1/252;if further X is not rationally connected,then c1（X） · c2（X） ≥ 4/5 and this inequality is *** order to prove this,we give a partial classification of such varieties along with many *** also study the nonvanishing of c1（X）dim X-2· c2（X） for terminal weak Fano varieties and prove a Miyaoka-Kawamata-type inequality.

关键词： terminal threefolds Miyaoka-type inequality boundedness

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