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Gully erosion and expansion mechanisms in loess tablelands and the scientific basis of gully consolidation and tableland protection

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Science China Earth Sciences 2023年第4期66卷 821-839页

作者： Zhao JIN Jianbing PENG Jianqi ZHUANG Li FENG Aidi HUO Xingmin MU Wenlong WANG State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China College of Geological Engineering and Geomatics Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China CAS center for excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Xi’an 710061China School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 712000China College of Water and Environment Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China Yellow River Research center Hohai UniversityNanjing 210024China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Gully erosion is serious in the tableland area of the Loess Plateau due to high-intensity human activities and extreme rainfall, which cause serious soil loss and an increasing tableland shrinkage rate. Severe gully erosion has exerted a notable negative impact on local agriculture, human life and socioeconomic development. In recent decades, progress has been made in soil and water conservation with the goal of reducing soil erosion and protecting loess tableland, but basic research on gully consolidation and tableland protection(GCTP) is lacking, especially regarding the mechanisms of gully erosion and expansion in loess tableland under the interactive impacts of hydrodynamics and human activities. In addition, there is a lack of a deep understanding of the underlying mechanisms of soil-water disasters and controlling factors of unreasonable GCTP ***, the problems of headcut erosion and tableland fragmentation remain serious. Based on this situation, the Dongzhi tableland, the largest tableland on the Loess Plateau, was adopted as an example, and we studied gully erosion and expansion mechanisms in the loess tableland and the scientific basis of GCTP projects. We obtained a series of novel findings, including the following:(1) vertical joints are widely developed in loess and impose a controlling effect on tableland edge erosion;(2) rapid urbanization and road network expansion intensify headcut erosion and are the main reasons for severe erosion and tableland shrinkage in the Dongzhi tableland;and(3) unreasonable drainage of surface runoff and a rise in the groundwater level are the key factors affecting GCTP project stability. Moreover, the mechanisms and modes of erosion disasters in the project driven by these two factors were explained. The systematic remediation idea of retention, storage, drainage and consolidation for the GCTP project was introduced, and the core is water control, which emphasizes the combination of soil and water conservati

关键词： Human activities Hydrodynamics Tableland shrinkage Gully consolidation and tableland protection Failure mechanism Remediation mode

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Graphene enhances artemisinin production in the traditional medicinal plant Artemisia annua via dynamic physiological processes and miRNA regulation

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Plant Communications 2024年第3期5卷 31-46页

作者： Junfeng Cao Zhiwen Chen Luyao Wang Ning Yan Jialing Lin Lipan Hou Yongyan Zhao Chaochen Huang Tingting Wen Chenyi Li Saeed ur Rahman Zehui Liu Jun Qiao Jianguo Zhao Jie Wang Yannan Shi Wei Qin Tong Si Yuliang Wang Kexuan Tang Frontiers Science center for Transformative Molecules Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic and Developmental SciencesPlant Biotechnology Research CenterFudan-SJTU Nottingham Plant Biotechnology R&D CenterSchool of Agriculture and BiologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China Engineering Research center of Coal-based Ecological Carbon Sequestration Technology of the Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Graphene Forestry Application of National Forest and Grass AdministrationShanxi Datong UniversityDatong 037009China National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology/CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Hainan Institute Zhejiang UniversityYongyou Industry ParkYazhou Bay Sci-Tech CitySanya 572000China College of Agriculture and Biotechnology Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Dryland Farming Technology College of AgronomyQingdao Agricultural UniversityQingdao 266109China Institute of Millet Crops Hebei Academy of Agriculture&Forestry Sciences/Hebei Branch of China National Sorghum Improvement CenterShijiazhuang 050035China

We investigated the effects of graphene on the model herb Artemisia annua,which is renowned for produc-ing artemisinin,a widely used pharmacological *** growth and biomass were promoted when *** was cultivated with low concentrations of graphene,an effect which was attributed to a 1.4-fold increase in nitrogen uptake,a 15%–22%increase in chlorophyllfluorescence,and greater abun-dance of carbon cycling–related *** to 10 or 20 mg/L graphene resulted in a�60%increase in H2O2,and graphene could act as a catalyst accelerator,leading to a 9-fold increase in catalase(CAT)ac-tivity in vitro and thereby maintaining reactive oxygen species(ROS)***,graphene exposure led to an 80%increase in the density of glandular secreting trichomes(GSTs),in which artemisinin is biosynthesized and *** contributed to a 5%increase in artemisinin content inmature ***-estingly,expression of miR828 was reduced by both graphene and H2O2 treatments,resulting in induction of its target gene AaMYB17,a positive regulator of GST *** molecular and genetic assays showed that graphene-induced H2O2 inhibits micro-RNA(miRNA)biogenesis through Dicers and regulates the miR828–AaMYB17 module,thus affecting GST *** results suggest that graphene may contribute to yield improvement in *** via dynamic physiological processes together with miRNA regulation,and it may thus represent a new cultivation strategy for increasing yield capacity through nanobiotechnology.

关键词： Artemisia annua artemisinin glandular secreting trichomes GSTs miRNA graphene

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Measurement of ATGL activity using adiposomes

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Biophysics Reports 2023年第1期9卷 3-14页

作者： Xuejing Ma Zelun Zhi Shuyan Zhang Pingsheng Liu National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules CAS Center for Excellence in Biomacromolecules Institute of Biophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Life Sciences Cangzhou Normal University 4. Institute of Infectious Diseases Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases Beijing Ditan HospitalCapital Medical University 5. Beijing Institute of Infectious Diseases

Adipose triacylglycerol lipase(ATGL) is a dynamic lipid droplet-associated protein involved in cellular lipolysis, which is conserved from bacteria to humans. Recent methods that measure the enzymatic activity of ATGL in vitro are established using lipid emulsions. However, the lipid emulsion platforms contain various membranous structures which reduce the accuracy of enzymatic activity determination. Therefore, a new platform and corresponding method are required for accurate measurement of ATGL enzymatic activity that represents cellular lipid and energy homeostasis. Adiposomes are artificial lipid nanostructures mimicking lipid droplets. Employing adiposome as a platform, we have developed an assay to measure the enzymatic activity of ATGL in vitro. Here, a detailed protocol is described to explain how to measure the activity of ATGL using adiposomes. This method successfully proves the concept of lipid droplet-mimetic lipase activity determining platform and provides a tool to identify the active sites of lipases.

关键词： ATGL Enzymatic activity Adiposome Lipid droplet

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A von-Neumann-like photonic processor and its application in studying quantum signature of chaos

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Light(Science & Applications) 2024年第4期13卷 672-681页

作者： Shang Yu Wei Liu Si-Jing Tao Zhi-Peng Li Yi-Tao Wang Zhi-Peng Zhong Raj BPatel Yu Meng Yuan-Ze Yang Zhao-An Wang Nai-Jie Guo Xiao-Dong Zeng Zhe Chen Liang Xu Ning Zhang Xiao Liu Mu Yang Wen-Hao Zhang Zong-Quan Zhou Jin-Shi Xu Jian-Shun Tang Yong-Jian Han Chuan-Feng Li Guang-Can Guo CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China. CAS center for excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China. Hefei National Laboratory University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230088China. Research center for Quantum Sensing Zhejiang LabHangzhou 310000China. Quantum Optics and Laser Science Blackett LaboratoryImperial College LondonPrince Consort RdLondon SW72AZUK. Clarendon Laboratory Department of PhysicsOxford UniversityParks Road OX13PUOxfordUK

Photonic quantum computation plays an important role and offers unique *** decades after the milestone work of Knill-Laflamme-Milburn,various architectures of photonic processors have been proposed,and quantum advantage over classical computers has also been *** is now the opportune time to apply this technology to real-world ***,at current technology level,this aim is restricted by either programmability in bulk optics or loss in integrated optics for the existing architectures of processors,for which the resource cost is also a *** we present a von-Neumann-like architecture based on temporal-mode encoding and looped structure on table,which is capable of multimode-universal programmability,resource-efficiency,phasestability and *** order to illustrate these merits,we execute two different programs with varying resource requirements on the same processor,to investigate quantum signature of chaos from two aspects:the signature behaviors exhibited in phase space(13 modes),and the Fermi golden rule which has not been experimentally studied in quantitative way before(26 modes).The maximal program contains an optical interferometer network with 1694 freely-adjustable *** current state-of-the-art,our architecture stands as the most promising candidate for real-world applications.

关键词： quantum signature chaos

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Smarter birds, smaller eggs, and less parental care time

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Zoological Research 2023年第1期44卷 98-100页

作者： Sheng-Kai Pan Dai-Ping Wang Xiao-Hang Zhang Xiang-Jiang Zhan Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Cardiff University-Institute of Zoology Joint Laboratory for Biocomplexity Research Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China center for excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650223China

DEAR EDITOR,Natural selection favors encephalization(i.e., enlargement of relative brain size) not only because it ultimately enhances the survival of organisms but also because it does not impair reproductive success. However, little is known regarding how encephalization does not impact the reproductive success of organisms. Here, by analyzing a dataset of more than 1 000 modern bird species.

关键词： parental birds ultimately

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A refutation of reported Levallois technology from Guanyindong Cave in south China

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National Science Review 2019年第6期6卷 1094-1096页

作者： Feng Li Yinghua Li Xing Gao Steven L.Kuhn Eric Boёda John W.Olsen Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology Chinese Academy of Sciences CAS center for excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment School of History Wuhan University University of Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Anthropology University of Arizona C.N.R.S.-UMR7041 Anthropologie des techniques des espaces et des territoires au Plio-Pléistocène Maison Archéologie et Ethnologie

As one of the most complex forms of lithic technology known for the Paleolithic, research on the Levallois stoneknapping method is critically relevant to our understanding of the cognitive abilities and depth of planning capabilities of archaic hominins, as well as the diffusion of knowledge and social learning in Pleistocene societies. For decades,

关键词： A refutation of reported Levallois technology from Guanyindong Cave in south China

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Anti-infection effects of heparin on SARS-CoV-2 in a diabetic mouse model

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Zoological Research 2023年第6期44卷 1003-1014页

作者： Zhongyun Zhang Ning Zhang Xuancheng Lu Min Zhou Xiaoxiang Yan Weiqiong Gu Jingru Yang Qin Zhang Cheng Zhang Yuhuan Gong Mingjun Jia Xiaoyu Zhang Peng Ning Mei Liu Xiaoyan Li Xiaomeng Shi Wenjun Liu George FGao Guang Ning Jiqiu Wang Yuhai Bi Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism Shanghai Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Shanghai National Clinical Research center for Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory for Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases of the National Health Commission of the PR ChinaShanghai National Center for Translational MedicineShanghai 200025China CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology Institute of MicrobiologyCenter for Influenza Research and Early-warning(CASCIRE)CAS-TWAS Center of Excellence for Emerging Infectious Diseases(CEEID)Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Laboratory Animal center Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(China CDC)Beijing 102206China Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine Institute of Respiratory DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China Department of Cardiology Institute of Cardiovascular DiseasesRuijin HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200025China School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences Wenzhou Medical UniversityWenzhouZhejiang 325000China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARSCo V-2)infection can result in more severe syndromes and poorer outcomes in patients with diabetes and ***,the precise mechanisms responsible for the combined impact of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and diabetes have not yet been elucidated,and effective treatment options for SARS-Co V-2-infected diabetic patients remain *** investigate the disease pathogenesis,K18-h ACE2 transgenic(h ACE2^(Tg))mice with a leptin receptor deficiency(h ACE2-Lepr^(-/-))and high-fat diet(h ACE2-HFD)background were *** two mouse models were intranasally infected with a 5×10^(5) median tissue culture infectious dose(TCID_(50))of SARSCo V-2,with serum and lung tissue samples collected at 3days *** h ACE2-Lepr^(-/-)mice were then administered a combination of low-molecular-weight heparin(LMWH)(1 mg/kg or 5 mg/kg)and insulin via subcutaneous injection prior to intranasal infection with1×10^(4) TCID_(50)of SARS-Co *** drug administration continued until the euthanasia of the *** of viral RNA loads,histopathological changes in lung tissue,and inflammation factors were *** demonstrated similar SARS-Co V-2 susceptibility in h ACE2^(Tg)mice under both lean(chow diet)and obese(HFD)***,compared to the h ACE2-Lepr^(+/+)mice,h ACE2-Lepr^(-/-)mice exhibited more severe lung injury,enhanced expression of inflammatory cytokines and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α(HIF-1α),and increased ***,combined LMWH and insulin treatment effectively reduced disease progression and severity,attenuated lung pathological changes,and mitigated inflammatory *** conclusion,preexisting diabetes can lead to more severe lung damage upon SARS-Co V-2 infection,and LMWH may be a valuable therapeutic approach for managing COVID-19patients with diabetes.

关键词： SARS-CoV-2 Diabetes Mouse model Heparin Antiviral therapy

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Space-to-Ground Quantum Key Distribution Using a Small-Sized Payload on Tiangong-2 Space Lab

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Chinese Physics Letters 2017年第9期34卷 18-23页

作者： Sheng-Kai Liao Jin Lin Ji-Gang Ren Wei-Yue Liu Jia Qiang Juan Yin Yang Li Qi Shen Liang Zhang Xue-Feng Liang Hai-Lin Yong Feng-Zhi Li Ya-Yun Yin Yuan Cao Wen-Qi Cai Wen-Zhuo Zhang Jian-Jun Jia Jin-Cai Wu Xiao-Wen Chen Shan-Cong Zhang Xiao-Jun Jiang Jian-Feng Wang Yong-Mei Huang Qiang Wang Lu Ma Li Li Ge-Sheng Pan Qiang Zhang Yu-Ao Chen Chao-Yang Lu Nai-Le Liu Xiongfeng Ma Rong Shu Cheng-Zhi Peng Jian-Yu Wang Jian-Wei Pan Department of Modern Physics and Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026 Shanghai Branch CAS Center for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Center in Quantum Information and Quantum PhysicsShanghai 201315 Key Laboratory of Space Active Opto-Electronic Technology Shanghai Institute of Technical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200083 Beijing UCAS Space Technology Co. LtdBeijing 100190 National Astronomical Observatories Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100012 Key Laboratory of Optical engineering Institute of Optics and ElectronicsChinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610209 Xinjiang Astronomical Observatory Chinese Academy of SciencesUrumqi 830011

Quantum technology establishes a foundation for secure communication via quantum key distribution （QKD）. In the last two decades, the rapid development of QKD makes a global quantum communication network feasible. In order to construct this network, it is economical to consider small-sized and low-cost QKD payloads, which can be assembled on satellites with different sizes, such as space stations. Here we report an experimental demonstration of space-to-ground QKD using a small-sized payload, from Tiangong-2 space lab to Nanshan ground station. The 57.9-kg payload integrates a tracking system, a QKD transmitter along with modules for synchronization, and a laser communication transmitter. In the space lab, a 50MHz vacuum＋weak decoy-state optical source is sent through a reflective telescope with an aperture of 200mm. On the ground station, a telescope with an aperture of 1200mm collects the signal photons. A stable and high-transmittance communication channel is set up with a high-precision bidirectional tracking system, a polarization compensation module, and a synchronization system. When the quantum link is successfully established, we obtain a key rate over 100bps with a communication distance up to 719km. Together with our recent development of QKD in daylight, the present demonstration paves the way towards a practical satellite-constellation-based global quantum secure network with small-sized QKD payloads.

关键词： QKD Space-to-Ground Quantum Key Distribution Using a Small-Sized Payload on Tiangong-2 Space Lab

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Increased locomotor activity in estrogen-treated ovariectomized rats is associated with nucleus accumbens dopamine and is not reduced by dietary sodium deprivation

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Integrative Zoology 2018年第6期13卷 783-794页

作者： Enith ESPINOSA Kathleen S.CURTIS Oklahoma State University-center for Health Sciences TulsaOklahomaUSA

Estrogens are well known to increase locomotor activity in laboratory rodents;however,the underlying mechanism remains *** used voluntary wheel running by female rats as an index of locomotor behavior to investigate this *** first determined whether the estrogen-induced increase in locomotion was susceptible to inhibition by a physiological challenge,and next whether it was associated with dopaminergic activation in the central reward area,nucleus *** rats were given estradiol or the oil vehicle and housed in cages with or without running *** rats were given regular rodent chow for 1 week,a sodium-deficient diet for the next week,and then were returned to a regular diet for another *** the end of the last week,all rats were killed,brains were extracted and dopamine levels in the nucleus accumbens were *** expected,estradiol treatment increased distance ***,dietary sodium deprivation further increased running,but this appeared to be related to experience with wheel running,rather than to sodium deprivation,per *** was greater in the nucleus accumbens of estradiol-treated rats that ran compared to all other ***,the estrogen-induced increase in locomotion is a robust phenomenon that is not inhibited by a body sodium challenge and is associated with elevated levels of dopamine in reward *** findings raise the possibility that the estrogen-induced increase in locomotor activity,which occurs during a hormonal milieu conducive to reproduction,may reflect mate-seeking behavior and,thereby,maximize reproductive success.

关键词： locomotor activity reproductive hormones reward pathways

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Living cell for drug delivery

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Engineered Regeneration 2022年第2期3卷 131-148页

作者： Yuwei Wu Yanfei Liu Ting Wang Qiao Jiang Feng Xu Zhenbao Liu Department of Pharmaceutics Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical SciencesCentral South UniversityChangsha410013Hunan ProvinceP.R.China Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South UniversityChangsha410083Hunan ProvinceP.R.China Molecular Imaging Research center of Central South University Changsha 410008HunanP.R.China CAS Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication CAS Center for Excellence in NanoscienceNational Center for Nanoscience and TechnologyBeijing 100190P.R.China National Clinical Research center for Metabolic Diseases Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Metabolic Bone Diseasesand Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismThe Second Xiang-Ya Hospital of Central South UniversityP.R.China

The living cells have been emerged as useful platforms for drug delivery due to their advantages of good liquidity,stability,and low *** this review,we summarized the development of living cells-based drug delivery *** drug loading methods,applications,and advantages of living cell drug delivery systems were *** living cells for drug delivery,the mechanisms of action,therapeutic applications,as well as main features were summarized and *** recent research progress and challenges were *** future directions and prospects were proposed.

关键词： Drug delivery Living cells Nanomedicine Biomaterials Tumor treatment

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