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Seedling survival after simulating grazing and drought for two species from the Pamirs,northwestern China

Plant Diversity 2022年第6期44卷 607-616页

作者： Fiona R.Worthy Stefanie D.Goldberg Sailesh Ranjitkar Jian-Chu Xu CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina CIFOR-ICRAF China Program World Agroforestry(ICRAF)Kunming 650201YunnanChina Honghe Center for Mountain Futures(CMF) Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesHonghe County 654400YunnanChina Faculty of Agroforestry Lumbini Buddhist UniversityLumbiniNepal

For plant populations to persist,seedling recruitment is essential,requiring seed germination,seedling survival and growth.Drought and grazing potentially reduce seedling recruitment via increased mortality and reduced growth.We studied these seederelated processes for two species indigenous to the Pamir mountains of Xinjiang in northwestern China:Saussurea glacialis and Plantago lessingii.Seeds collected from Taxkorgan,Xinjiang,had a viability rate of 15.8%for S.glacialis but 100%for P.lessingii.Of the viable seeds,the highest germination rates were 62.9%for S.glacialis and 45.6%for P.lessingii.In a greenhouse experiment,we imposed a series of stressful conditions,involving a combination of simulated grazing and drought events.These had the most severe impact on younger seedlings.Modelling showed that 89%of S.glacialis mortality was due to early simulated grazing,whereas 80%of P.lessingii mortality was due to early simulated drought.Physiological differences could contribute to their differing resilience.S.glacialis may rely on water storage in leaves to survive drought events,but showed no shifts in biomass allocation that would improve grazing tolerance.P.lessingii appears more reliant on its root system to survive grazing,but the root reserves of younger plants could be insufficient to grow deeper in response to drought.After applying all mortality factors,17.7 seedlings/parent of P.lessingii survived,while only<0.1 seedlings/parent of S.glacialis survived,raising concerns for its capacity to persist in the Pamirs.Inherent genetic differences may underlie the two species’contrasting grazing and drought responses.Thus,differing conservation strategies are required for their utilization and protection.

关键词： Medicinal plant Pastoralist Plantago lessingii Saussurea glacialis Soil moisture Water deficit

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The legacy effects of rubber defoliation period on the refoliation phenology,leaf disease,and latex yield

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Plant Diversity 2023年第1期45卷 98-103页

作者： De-Li Zhai Jian-Chu Xu Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201YunnanChina Institute of Environment and Ecology School of the Environment and Safety EngineeringJiangsu University301 Xuefu RoadZhenjiang212013Jiangsu ProvinceChina Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of Sciences132 Lanhei RoadKunming 650201YunnanChina East and Central Asia Regional Office World Agroforestry(ICRAF)Kunming 650201YunnanChina

The leaf phenology of trees has received particular attention for its crucial role in the global water and carbon balances,ecosystem,and species distribution.However,current studies on leaf phenology have mainly focused on temperate trees,while few studies including tropical trees.Little attention has been paid to globally extensive industrial plantations.Rubber plantations are important to both the local and global economies.In this study,we investigated the legacy effects of defoliation phenology on the following year’s leaf flushing,leaf disease,and also latex yield of rubber trees,an economically important tree to local people and the world.Results show that extended duration of defoliation increased the subsequent duration of refoliation and rates of infection by powdery mildew disease,but led to reduced latex yield in March.This legacy effect of rubber defoliation may relate to the carbohydrate reserved in the trees.A longer duration of defoliation would consume more reserved carbohydrates,reducing available reserves for disease defense and latex production.Extended duration of defoliation period was associated with either a lower temperature before the cessation of latex tapping in October-November and/or a higher temperature after the cessation of latex tapping in December-January.Leaf falling signals the end of photosynthetic activities in deciduous trees.Thus,the leaf falling phenology will impact ecological processes involving rubber trees.Our findings indicated that the inclusion of defoliation periods in future rubber trees’ research,will be crucial to furthering our understanding of leaf flushing,powdery mildew disease,and latex yield.

关键词： Carbohydrate Defoliation Legacy effect Phenology Rubber trees

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Dataset of the mountain green cover index(SDG15.4.2)over the economic corridors of the Belt and Road Initiative for 2010-2019

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Big Earth Data 2022年第1期6卷 77-89页

作者： Jinhu Bian Ainong Li Xi Nan Guangbin Lei Zhengjian Zhang Research center for Digital mountain and Remote Sensing Application Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina

mountains are undergoing widespread changes caused by human activities and climate change.Given the importance of mountains,the protection and sustainable development of mountain ecosys-tems have been listed as the goals of the United Nations 2030 Sustainable Development Agenda.As one of the indicators,the mountain Green Cover Index(MGCI)datasets can provide consis-tent and comparable status of green vegetation in mountainous areas,which can support the mapping of heterogeneous mountain ecosystem health and monitoring changes over time.The produc-tion of explicitly high-spatial-resolution MGCI datasets is therefore urgently needed to support the protection measures at subnational and multitemporal scales.In this paper,the MGCI datasets with 500-meter spatial resolutions,covering the economic corridors of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),were developed for 2010 to 2019 based on all available Landsat-8 data and the Google Earth Engine cloud computing platform.The validation of green vegeta-tion cover with the ground-truth samples indicated that the data-sets can achieve an overall accuracy of 94.06%,with well-detailed spatial and temporal variations.The archived datasets include the MGCI of each BRI economic corridor,matched to a geospatial layer denoting the economic corridor boundaries.The essential informa-tion of the datasets and their limitations,along with the production flow,were described in this paper.

关键词： Sustainable development goals(SDGs) mountain green cover index(MGCI) dataset Belt and Road Landsat

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1990–2015年横断山区国土空间时空变化研究（英文）

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2018年第4期28卷 529-542页

作者：时振钦邓伟张少尧 Institute of mountain Hazards and Environment/Research center for mountain Development CAS University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Hengduan mountains offer land space for a variety of ecological services. However, the sustainable development and management of land space has been challenged by increased human activities in recent years. This paper performs the spatial pattern analysis of the quantitative and structural changes of various landscapes at different altitudes, and uses the land use data in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2015 to reveal how various land patterns have changed. The results show that, within the production-living-ecological space schema, the ecological space dominates Hengduan mountains, while the production and living space was mainly distributed in south region. During 1990-2015, the production-living-ecological spatial changes had been gradually accelerated and the regional differences had become more prominent. The agricultural production space had continuously decreased by 1132.31 km^2, and the industrial and mining production space had rapidly increased by 281.4 km^2 during 1990-2015. The living space had steadily increased, and the ecological space had increased with fluctuations. The land space pattern in Hengduan mountains was greatly restricted by the terrain, such as altitude and slope. The implementations of China Western Development Strategy and the Returning Farmland to Forest Program had favorably promoted the changes of land spatial pattern in Hengduan mountains.

关键词： land space production-living-ecological space spatio-temporal pattern stepwise regression analysis Hengduan mountains

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Polyurethane-degrading fungi from soils contaminated with rocket propellant and their ability to decompose alkyne terminated polybutadiene with urethane

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Studies in Fungi 2021年第1期6卷 224-239页

作者： Ren GC Pang AM Gao Y Wu SX Ge ZQ Zhang TF Wanasinghe DN Khan S Mortimer PE Xu JC Gui H center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Guiyang Nursing Vocational College Guiyang 550081GuizhouChina Honghe Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesHonghe County 654400YunnanChina School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Hubei Institute of Aerospace ChemotechnologyXiangyang441003HubeiChina

A large amount of propellant materials are produced every year,and storage and disposal of these propellant materials seriously contributes to environmental pollution.Alkyne terminated polybutadiene with urethane segments(PUPB)is the macromolecule backbone of these propellant materials,and degradation of PUPB is central to the eco-friendly treatment of propellant materials.In this study,we isolated a polyurethane(PU)-and PUPB-degrading fungus from soils contaminated with rocket propellant,and the fungus H14 was identified as Fusarium solani(Mart.)Sacc.based on macro-and micro-morphology as well as phylogenetic analyses.The ability of F.solani H14 to degrade PU film and PUPB patches was evaluated via mass loss,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and enzyme production ability.Mass loss analyses revealed a 25.8%reduction in mass of PU and 1.3%reduction in mass of PUPB after F.solani H14 was incubated with PU and PUPB for 90 days,respectively.We found that F.solani H14 mycelia significantly colonized both PU and PUPB.SEM images showed that the surface of PU films and PUPB patches formed holes,underwent folding and experienced damage as well as irregular fissuring from the erosion of fungal hypha.Moreover,two possible degradative enzymes,lipase and esterase,were produced by F.solani.Our study opens a new avenue of research for eco-friendly treatments of explosive materials and propellants.This paper represents the first article on the degradation of PUPB patches.

关键词： enzyme Fusarium solani mass loss PU PUPB

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A new record of Pluteaceae(Agaricales)from Pakistan

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Studies in Fungi 2021年第1期6卷 514-518页

作者： Khan MB Ishaq M Fiaz M Saba M Wenhua L Galappaththi MCA Khalid AN Department of Botany Hazara University MansehraPakistan Department of Plant Sciences Quaid-i-Azam UniversityIslamabad-45320Pakistan Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of ScienceKunmingP.R.China Postgraduate Institute of Science University of PeradeniyaPeradeniyaSri Lanka University of the Punjab Institut of BotanyQuaid-i-Azam Campus-54590LahorePakistan

During a survey of agarics from the Himalayan moist temperate regions in Pakistan,a new record Volvariella taylorii was collected.Full description,color images of basidiocarps,drawings of microscopic features,and a ph... 详细信息

关键词： phylogeny pink gills taxonomy volva Volvariella taylorii

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Predicting global numbers of teleomorphic ascomycetes

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Fungal Diversity 2022年第3期114卷 237-278页

作者： Indunil C.Senanayake Dhandevi Pem Achala R.Rathnayaka Subodini N.Wijesinghe Saowaluck Tibpromma Dhanushka N.Wanasinghe Rungtiwa Phookamsak Nuwan D.Kularathnage Deecksha Gomdola Dulanjalee Harishchandra Lakmali S.Dissanayake Mei-mei Xiang Anusha H.Ekanayaka Eric H.C.McKenzie Kevin D.Hyde Hao-xing Zhang Ning Xie Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics College of Life Science and OceanographyShenzhen UniversityNanhai AvenueNanshanShenzhen 3688GuangdongChina Innovative Institute for Plant Health Zhongkai University of Agriculture and EngineeringHaizhu DistrictGuangzhou 510225China center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand Honghe Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesHonghe County 654400YunnanChina Centre for mountain futures(CMF) Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201YunnanChina CIFOR-ICRAF China Program World Agroforestry(ICRAF)Kunming 650201YunnanChina Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management On Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China Institute of Plant and Environment ProtectionBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijing 100097China Engineering Research center of the Utilization for Characteristic Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources in Southwest Ministry of EducationGuizhou UniversityGuiyang 550025GuizhouChina Manaaki Whenua-Landcare Research Auckland Mail CentrePrivate Bag 92170Auckland 1142New Zealand

Sexual reproduction is the basic way to form high genetic diversity and it is beneficial in evolution and speciation of fungi.The global diversity of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota has not been estimated.This paper estimates the species number for sexual ascomycetes based on five different estimation approaches,viz.by numbers of described fungi,by fungus:substrate ratio,by ecological distribution,by meta-DNA barcoding or culture-independent studies and by previous estimates of species in Ascomycota.The assumptions were made with the currently most accepted,“2.2–3.8 million”species estimate and results of previous studies concluding that 90%of the described ascomycetes reproduce sexually.The Catalogue of Life,Species Fungorum and published research were used for data procurement.The average value of teleomorphic species in Ascomycota from all methods is 1.86 million,ranging from 1.37 to 2.56 million.However,only around 83,000 teleomorphic species have been described in Ascomycota and deposited in data repositories.The ratio between described teleomorphic ascomycetes to predicted teleomorphic ascomycetes is 1:22.Therefore,where are the undiscovered teleomorphic ascomycetes?The undescribed species are no doubt to be found in biodiversity hot spots,poorly-studied areas and species complexes.Other poorly studied niches include extremophiles,lichenicolous fungi,human pathogens,marine fungi,and fungicolous fungi.Undescribed species are present in unexamined collections in specimen repositories or incompletely described earlier spe-cies.Nomenclatural issues,such as the use of separate names for teleomorph and anamorphs,synonyms,conspecific names,illegitimate and invalid names also affect the number of described species.Interspecies introgression results in new species,while species numbers are reduced by extinctions.

关键词： Ascomycota Estimates Habitat diversity Molecular techniques Species concepts

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Morphology, Phylogeny and Culture Characteristics of Ganoderma gibbosum Collected from Kunming, Yunnan Province, China

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2020年第3期89卷 743-764页

作者： Thatsanee Luangharn Samantha C.Karunarathna Peter E.Mortimer Kevin D.Hyde Jianchu Xu Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China East and Central Asia Regional Office World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF)Kunming650201China Centre for mountain futures Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming650201China center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai57100Thailand

Ganoderma is a genus of medicinally and economically important mushrooms in the family Ganodermataceae.Ganoderma species are popular medicinal mushrooms and their health benefits are well-documented.Ganoderma is a cosmopolitan genus that is widely distributed in both tropical and temperate regions.This genus is characterized by its unique laccate or non-laccate species with double-walled basidiospores.Here,we report on eight collections of G.gibbosum collected during surveys in Kunming,Yunnan Province,China.The specimens are described and illustrated based on macro-and micro-morphological characteristics.Total DNA of the eight G.gibbosum strains were extracted using the Biospin Fungal Extraction Kit following manufacturer protocol.Amplification of the Internal Transcribed Spacer(nrITS)region was carried out using ITS5/ITS4 primers and LROR/LR5 for the nuclear ribosomal large subunit 28S rDNA gene(LSU).Phylogenetic analysis with closely related species to G.gibbosum showed that all eight collections grouped with G.gibbosum with 100%bootstrap support.Phylogenetic similarity and morphological variations within the eight collections of G.gibbosum are discussed.

关键词： Chinese medicine medicinal mushroom morphology phylogeny

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A review of land use/land cover change mapping in the China-Central Asia-West Asia economic corridor countries

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Big Earth Data 2021年第2期5卷 237-257页

作者： Amin Naboureh Jinhu Bian Guangbin Lei Ainong Li Research center for Digital mountain and Remote Sensing Application Institute of Mountain Hazards and EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesChengduChina University of Chinese Academy of Sciences BeijingChina

Large-scale projects,such as the construction of railways and highways,usually cause an extensive Land Use Land Cover Change(LULCC).The China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor(CCAWAEC),one key large-scale project of the Belt and Road Initiative(BRI),covers a region that is home to more than 1.6 billion people.Although numerous studies have been conducted on strategies and the economic potential of the Economic Corridor,reviewing LULCC mapping studies in this area has not been studied.This study provides a comprehensive review of the recent research progress and discusses the challenges in LULCC monitoring and driving factors identifying in the study area.The review will be helpful for the decision-making of sustainable development and construction in the Economic Corridor.To this end,350 peer-reviewed journal and conference papers,as well as book chapters were analyzed based on 17 attributes,such as main driving factors of LULCC,data collection methods,classification algorithms,and accuracy assessment methods.It was observed that:(1)rapid urbanization,industrialization,population growth,and climate change have been recognized as major causes of LULCC in the study area;(2)LULCC has,directly and indirectly,caused several environmental issues,such as biodiversity loss,air pollution,water pollution,desertification,and land degradation;(3)there is a lack of well-annotated national land use data in the region;(4)there is a lack of reliable training and reference datasets to accurately study the long-term LULCC in most parts of the study area;and(5)several technical issues still require more attention from the scientific community.Finally,several recommendations were proposed to address the identified issues.

关键词： Land use change land cover change China-Central Asia-West Asia Economic Corridor accuracy assessment reference data classification algorithm

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New host and geographic records of five pleosporalean hyphomycetes associated with Musa spp.(Banana)

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Studies in Fungi 2021年第1期6卷 92-115页

作者： Samarakoon BC Phookamsak R Karunarathna SC Jeewon R Chomnunti P Xu JC Li YJ The State Phosphorus Resource Development and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Centre Yunnan Phosphate Chemical Group Co.LtdKunming 650201China center of Excellence in Fungal Research Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand School of Science Mae Fah Luang UniversityChiang Rai 57100Thailand CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Biodiversity and Biogeography of East Asia(KLPB) Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming 650201YunnanChina East and Central Asia Regional Office World Agroforestry Centre(ICRAF)Kunming 650201YunnanChina Centre for mountain futures(CMF) Kunming Institute of BotanyKunming 650201YunnanChina Honghe Center for Mountain Futures Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesHonghe County 654400YunnanPeople’s Republic of China Department of Health Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of MauritiusReduitMauritius Research center of Microbial Diversity and Sustainable Utilization Faculty of SciencesChiang Mai UniversityChiang Mai 50200Thailand

A study was undertaken to collect and identify saprobic fungi associated with Musa spp.(banana)from Taiwan(China),and Thailand.Samples were collected during the dry season and their morpho-molecular relationships were investigated.Five brown pleosporalean hyphomycetous taxa in Periconiaceae and Torulaceae viz.Periconia cortaderiae,P.delonicis,Torula chromolaenae,T.fici,and T.masonii were identified for the first time from Musa spp.(Musaceae).Phylogenetic analyses of a combined SSU,LSU,ITS,RPB2 and TEF DNA sequence dataset further justified the taxonomic placements of these five taxa in the above mentioned families.Periconia delonicis is reported for the first time on a monocotyledonous host and T.masonii is the first geographical record from Taiwan(China).

关键词： Dothideomycetes Periconia Pleosporales taxonomy Torula

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