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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2018年第1期8卷 10-19页

作者： Yogini Jaiswal Zhitao Liang Alan Ho Hubiao Chen Leonard Williams Zhongzhen Zhao center for excellence in post-harvest technologies The North Carolina Research Campus School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist University

Achyranthes bidentata and Achyranthes aspera are saponin and steroid rich medicinal plants, used extensively for therapeutic treatments in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) and Ayurveda. A. bidentata is reported to be one of the rare and extensively exploited medicinal plant species that face the issue of being *** qualitative substitute with identical phyto-constituents contributing to similar composition and pharmacological benefits will help in reducing the burden of exploitation of the natural habitats of such *** the present study, a comparative metabolite analysis of the whole drug and specific tissues isolated by laser micro-dissection(LMD) was carried out for both the selected species, by use of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry(UHPLC-QTOF MS). The results of the study indicate that the cortex and the medullary ray tissues are rich in their content of steroidal and saponin constituents such as(25 S)-inokosterone-20,22-acetonide, ginsenoside Ro, bidentatoside II and achyranthoside *** profiling of the whole tissues of both the species indicates presence of identical constituents. Thus,it is inferred that A. bidentata and A. aspera can be used as qualitative substitutes for each other.

关键词： Achyranthes aspera Achyranthes bidentata Steroids Glycosides Saponins

Species authentication and geographical origin discrimination of herbal medicines by near infrared spectroscopy:A review

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2015年第5期5卷 277-284页

作者： Pei Wang Zhiguo Yu School of Pharmacy Shenyang Pharmaceutical University center for excellence in post-harvest technologies North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityNorth Carolina Research Campus

Near infrared （NIR） spectroscopy as a rapid and nondestructive analytical technique, integrated with chemometrics, is a powerful process analytical tool for the pharmaceutical industry and is becoming an attractive complementary technique for herbal medicine analysis. This review mainly focuses on the recent applications of NIR spectroscopy in species authentication of herbal medicines and their geo- graphical origin discrimination.

关键词： Near infrared spectroscopyHerbal medicineSpecies authenticationGeographical origin discriminationQuality control

Selected Plant Extracts Show Antiviral Effects against Murine Norovirus Surrogate

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Advances in Microbiology 2019年第4期9卷 372-384页

作者： Uchenna Iloghalu Bryce Holmes Janak Khatiwada Leonard L. Williams North Carolina A&T State University Greensboro USA center for excellence in post-harvest technologies Kannapolis USA

Noroviruses are the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis. Annually, 21 million Americans are infected with norovirus. Recent advances in molecular diagnostics have helped to establish norovirus as the most common cause of outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis across all ages. However, there is no effective or efficient treatment/control against norovirus infection. Conventional intervention techniques used to inactivate norovirus have shown lack of efficacy against human norovirus. Currently, effective treatment or control measures against human norovirus have not been identified. In this study, murine norovirus acts as a model to human norovirus to evaluate the inhibitory effects of crude extracts of Zanthoxylum armatum and Hibiscus sabdariffa. The study also separated, identified and quantified the selected compounds using the ultra-liquid chromatography (UPLC). To study the antiviral activities of crude extracts and its fractionated portions of Z. armatum and H. sabdariffa against norovirus surrogate, RAW 264.7 cells were infected with Murine norovirus surrogate virus of human norovirus and incubated at 37?C. Phytochemicals were extracted from the seeds and calyces of the plants using methanolic extraction. Fractionated portions of the crude extracts were subsequently used in both chromatographic and microbiological studies. Our data indicated that there was reduction of viruses, when treated with the 60% aqueous methanol extracts. Amongst the four selected phenolic compounds (myricetin, quercetin, kaempferol and luteolin), quercetin showed the most significant logarithmic viral reductions. These compounds were identified, purified and quantified using UPLC. Extracts of Zanthoxylum armatum and Hibiscus sabdariffa showed antiviral effects. Phenolic compounds are virucidal. Extracts of Hibiscus sabdariffa also exhibits anti-norovirus activities. The results are anticipated to control/prevent the human norovirus infections.

关键词： Plant Extracts Fractionation Noroviruses Plaque Assay

Degradation of black tea theaflavin through C-ring cleavage by gut microbiota

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2022年第3期11卷 598-605页

作者： Shuwei Zhang Christina Ohland Christian Jobin Shengmin Sang Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health Center for Excellence in Post-Harvest TechnologiesNorth Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityNorth Carolina Research CampusKannapolisNorth Carolina 28081USA Department of Medicine University of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida 32611USA Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology University of FloridaGainesvilleFlorida 32611USA

Increasing evidence has shown that gut microbiota plays important roles in metabolizing large molecular polyphenols to bioavailable and bioactive microbial ***(TF)is one of the major color compounds in black tea and has demonstrated anti-inflammation,antioxidant,and anticancer effects ***,little is known about the metabolism of TF by gut microbiota in *** this study,following the administration of TF to mice,the C-ring cleavage metabolites,dihydro-and tetrahydro-theaflavin(DH-TF and TH-TF)were detected in mouse feces by LC-MS and validated by authentic standards from in situ chemical *** observation of the C-ring cleavage metabolites in TF-treated conventionalized mice but not in germ-free(GF)mice confirmed the role of gut microbiota in cleaving the C-rings of *** detection of DH-TF from the anaerobic incubation of TF with catechin-converting gut bacteria,Eggerthella lenta(Eggerth),suggested that the microbes with the capacity to cleave the C-ring of catechins were able to metabolize TF following the same ***,three small phenolic metabolites were detected in mouse feces,and one of them was primarily detected in SPF mice not GF mice,which revealed that TF,subsequent to the cleaved C-ring,can be further metabolized into smaller phenolic metabolites by gut ***-dependent production of these metabolites were observed from the administration of 100 mg/kg to 400 mg/kg body weight of *** conclusion,gut microbiota can metabolize TF to the open-ring metabolites and the phenolic metabolites through the C-ring cleavage in mice.

关键词： Theaflavin Black tea C-ring cleavage Anaerobic incubation Germ-free mice

Influence of UV-A irradiation on the selected nutrient composition and volatile profiling of whole milk:Safety and quality evaluation

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Food Bioscience 2022年第6期50卷 482-491页

作者： Anjali H.Kurup Ankit Patras Rishipal R.Bansode Brahmaiah Pendyala Ramasamy Ravi Matthew J.Vergne Food Biosciences and Technology Program Department of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesTennessee State UniversityNashville37209TNUSA center for excellence in post-harvest technologies North Carolina Research CampusNorth Carolina A&T State UniversityKannapolisNCUSA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Lipscomb UniversityNashville37204TNUSA

Aflatoxin(AF),a mycotoxin produced by several genera of fungi,is an important concern in milk-based products due to its toxicity and health *** present study evaluates whether UV-A irradiation can preserve the composition of whole milk(WM)while degradaing these *** addition,this study also investigates the expression of p53 proteins which can be correlated with ***-A irradiation experiments were conducted using a near collimated beam system operating at 365 *** at known concentrations were spiked in WM and irradiated at quantifiable UV doses based on the average volumetric *** impact of ultraviolet light(UV-A)irradiation on volatile compounds,certain amino acids,and oxidative products were *** significant reduction in amino acids was observed except tryptophan(p<0.05).Therefore,tryptophan particularly gets degraded under UV and generates OH−*** 838 mJ/cm2 no significant lipid peroxidation was observed,p<*** volatile profiling showed that alcohols,the key contributor of oxidized flavor was not significantly affected by the UV-A *** the overall volatile composition was comparable between the untreated and UV-A irradiated WM there may not be an adverse impact on the sensory *** blotting was used to assess the effect of UV-A irradiated WM on protein expression in HepG2 *** the targeted gene p53 was not considerably altered,we can affirm that UV-A irradiated WM may be safe and not ***,the substantial breakdown of AF in WM by UV-A as well as no accumulation of toxic components from protein,lipid,and FAA degradation was *** study conclusively proves the performance of the UV-A LED system in degrading AF in WM below the levels recommended by Food and Drug Administration without compromising the product's quality or safety.

关键词： UV Irradiation Whole milk Aflatoxins Protein Volatiles

Natural Products and Antiviral Resistance

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Advances in Microbiology 2024年第7期14卷 366-388页

作者： Erute Magdalene Adongbede Janak Raj Khatiwada Rishipal Rastrapal Bansode Leonard Lamont Williams Department of Botany University of Lagos Lagos Nigeria center for excellence in post-harvest technologies North Carolina A & T State University Kannapolis North Carolina USA

Viral diseases are minacious with the potential for causing pandemics and treatment is complicated because of their inherent ability to mutate and become resistant to drugs. Antiviral drug resistance is a persistent problem that needs continuous attention by scientists, medical professionals, and government agencies. To solve the problem, an in-depth understanding of the intricate interplay between causes of antiviral drug resistance and potential new drugs specifically natural products is imperative in the interest and safety of public health. This review delves into natural product as reservoir for antiviral agents with the peculiar potentials for addressing the complexities associated with multi-drug resistant and emerging viral strains. An evaluation of the mechanisms underlying antiviral drug activity, antiviral drug resistance is addressed, with emphasis on production of broad-spectrum antiviral agents from natural sources. There is a need for continued natural product-based research, identification of new species and novel compounds.

关键词： Drug Resistance Resistance Mechanisms Phytochemicals Broad-Spectrum Drugs Antiviral Agents

Elucidating the role of gut microbiota dysbiosis in hyperuricemia and gout:Insights and therapeutic strategies

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第40期30卷 4404-4410页

作者： Abhay Kumar Singh Siva Sundara Kumar Durairajan Ashok Iyaswamy Leonard L Williams Department of Microbiology School of Life SciencesCentral University of Tamil NaduTiruvarurTN 610005India School of Biomedical Sciences Li Ka Shing Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong Kong 999077China School of Chinese Medicine Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong Kong 999077China Department of Biochemistry Karpagam Academy of Higher EducationCoimbatore 641021India center for excellence in post-harvest technologies North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State UniversityGreensboroNC 27411United States

Hyperuricemia(HUA)is a condition associated with a high concentration of uric acid(UA)in the bloodstream and can cause gout and chronic kidney *** gut microbiota of patients with gout and HUA is significantly altered compared to that of healthy *** article focused on the complex interconnection between alterations in the gut microbiota and the development of this *** studies have suggested that changes in the composition,diversity,and activity of microbes play a key role in establishing and progressing HUA and gout ***,we discussed how the gut microbiota contributes to HUA through purine metabolism,UA excretion,and intestinal inflammatory *** examined specific changes in the composition of the gut microbiota associated with gout and HUA,highlighting key bacterial taxa and the metabolic pathways ***,we discussed the effect of conventional gout treatments on the gut microbiota composition,along with emerging therapeutic approaches that target the gut microbiome,such as the use of probiotics and *** also provided insights into a study regarding the gut microbiota as a possible novel therapeutic intervention for gout treatment and dysbiosis-related diagnosis.

关键词： Gut microbiota Dysbiosis Gout Hyperuricemia Inflammation Intestinal barrier Probiotics Prebiotics Fecal microbiota transplantation

Recent advances in extraction of antioxidants from plant by-products processing industries

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Food Quality and Safety 2017年第1期1卷 61-81页

作者： M.Selvamuthukumaran John Shi Department of Food Science and post harvest Technology Institute of TechnologyHaramaya UniversityPO Box 138Dire DawaEthiopia Guelph Research and Development center Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada93 Stone Road WestGuelphOntario N1G 5C9Canada

The by-products obtained from plant processing industries are the cheap source of bioactive compounds especially *** of bioactive compounds can be obtained by using conventional and non-conventional *** efficiency of any conventional method mainly depends on the choice of *** major challenges of conventional extraction are longer extraction time,requirement of costly and high purity solvent,evaporation of the huge amount of solvent,low extraction selectivity,and thermal decomposition of thermolabile *** overcome these limitations of conventional extraction methods,new and promising extraction techniques are *** techniques are referred as non-conventional extraction ***,in this review,some of the most promising techniques such as ultrasoundassisted extraction,pulsed electric field extraction,enzyme-assisted extraction,microwave-assisted extraction,pressurized liquid extraction,supercritical fluid extraction,pressurized low-polarity water extraction,and molecular distillation were *** process systems along with industrial applications for non-conventional method of antioxidants extraction were discussed,and the comparative efficacies of different extraction methods were *** conventional technologies by non-conventional ones for the extraction of valuable compounds from plant by-products processing industries has several advantages,which includes reduction of the processing time,energy consumption,and the uses of harmful and expensive solvents and increase in the extraction *** and development of hybrid methods should be investigated,while considering plant material characteristics and choice of compounds in *** choice of standard methods also influences the measurement of extraction *** increasing economic significance of bioactive compounds and commodities rich in these bioactive compounds may lead to find out more sophi

关键词： Antioxidants Extraction Non-conventional methods Plant by-products Pulsed electric field extraction Ultrasoundassisted extraction

Decoding the fruit microbiome:A climate smart strategy to manage postharvest decays

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第5期10卷 1061-1072页

作者： Manori Kuruppu Kong Lih Ling Phebe Ding Khairulmazmi Ahmad Asgar Ali Yasmeen Siddiqui Laboratory of Sustainable Agronomy and Crop Protection Institute of Plantation StudiesUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400Malaysia Department of Plant Protection Faculty of AgricultureUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSerdang 43400Malaysia Centre of excellence for post-harvest Biotechnology(CEFB) School of BiosciencesUniversity of Nottingham MalaysiaJalan Broga43500 SemenyihSelangorMalaysia Department of Biological Sciences College of ScienceKing Faisal UniversityAl Ahsa31982Saudi Arabia

There is an urgent necessity to shift our diets toward those rich in fruits and vegetables and at reduce postharvest losses of *** 20%-50%of fruits and vegetables are lost due to poor postharvest handling and pathogen infections in developing countries while it was estimated as 5%-35%in developed countries. Fresh fruits have evolved with a plethora of microorganisms having important roles in maintaining fruit health. However, little information is available on the dynamics, structure, and functional capacities of underpinning fruit microbiomes. The present review discussed environmental conditions favoring fruit-harbored antagonists and their different modes of action for suppressing postharvest pathogens in fruits. It also provides information on omics technologies such as next-generation sequencing (NGS),metaproteomics, metatranscriptomic, and metabolomics studies to characterize fruit microbiomes. With the advent of NGS and meta-omics technologies, microbiome research could bring remarkable development and understanding in succeeding biological treatments. In addition, they may provide us with a fundamental understanding of microclimate requirements for fruit microbiome establishment and microbiome shifts during post-harvest storage, which would be advantageous in developing composite biocontrol treatments for post-harvest decay management.

关键词： Biological control Food loss Fruit microbiome Meta-omics Microclimate postharvest decay

Treatment Effect of Various Concentration of Plant Extracts on Murine Norovirus

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Advances in Microbiology 2022年第4期12卷 242-253页

作者： Uchenna Iloghalu Sara Miller Akamu Ewunkem Janak Khatiwada Leonard Williams Department of Biology North Carolina A & T State University Greensboro NC USA Department of Pathology Duke University Durham NC USA Department of Biological Science Winston-Salem State University Winston Salem NC USA center for excellence in post-harvest technologies Kannapolis North Carolina A & T State University Greensboro NC USA

Noroviruses are positive-sense, single-stranded, non-enveloped RNA virus that measures approximately 27 - 35 nm in diameter. It affects humans of all ages and races causing most cases of viral gastroenteritis worldwide. Infection results from ingestion of contaminated food or water as well as causing diarrhea and vomiting in humans. Extracts from plants are known to have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and adhesive properties which are associated with barrier functions. The aim of this study was to elucidate whether plaque reduction was due to an effect of methanolic plant extract directly on the virus, whether the extract affects viral replication, and lastly, whether the extract disrupts the cell surface binding with the virus. The plant extracts of interest were the calyces of Hibiscus sabdariffa (HS) and the seeds of Zanthoxylum armatum (ZA). Antiviral activities of these extracts were determined against murine norovirus. The logarithmic viral reduction per plaque-forming unit was (22 log10) PFU/ml (control), (15 log10) PFU/ml (treated HS), and (12 log10) PFU/ml (treated ZA) with a significant reduction (68% and 55% respectively) when compared with the control for the direct effect on the virus. The role of extracts on virus replication showed (25 log10) PFU/ml (control) as against the HS treated-virus-infected cells (9 log10) PFU/ml and ZA treated-virus-infected cells (5 log10) PFU/ml (36% and 20% respectively). Finally, effect of the extract on the viral attachment showed (31 log10) PFU/ml (control), (12 log10) (HS-treated) and (9 log10) PFU/ml (ZA-treated), (39% and 29% respectively. Extract treatment with HS and ZA has shown evidence of a reduced number of plaques formation with the latter having fewer plaques. Both extracts have proven potential to reduce the viral multiplication process by interfering with the replication process. This study shows that Hibisc

关键词： Norovirus Zanthoxylum Armatum Hibiscus Sabdariffa Plant Extracts Plaque Formation Viral Reduction