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Variability and trends of near-surface wind speed over the tibetan Plateau:the role played by the westerly and Asian monsoon

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Advances in Climate Change Research 2024年第3期15卷 525-536页

作者： Gang-Feng ZHANG Cesar AZORiN-MOLiNA Deliang CHEN tim RMCViCAR Jose AGUiJARRO Kai-Qiang DENG Lorenzo MiNOLA Jaeyeon LEE Seok-Woo SON Heng MA Pei-Jun SHi State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Engineering center of Desertification and Blown-Sand Control of Mi.i.t.y of Education Faculty of Geographical ScienceBeijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Key Laboratory of Environmental Change and Natural Disaster of Mi.i.t.y of Education Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Centro de investigaciones Sobre Desertificaci'on Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientı'ficas(CIDECSIC-UV-Generalitat alenciana)ClimateAtmosphere and Ocean Laboratory(Climatoc-Lab)Moncada 46113Spain Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden CSiRO Environment CanberraACT 2600Australia Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes CanberraACT 2600Australia State Meteorological Agency Balearic Islands OfficePalma de Mallorca 07015Spain School of atmospheric sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China interuniversity Department of Regional and Urban Studies and Planning(DiSt) Politecnico and University of TurinTurin 10125Italy School of Earth and Environmental sciences Seoul National UniversitySeoul 08826South Korea atmospheric and Oceanic sciences.Program Princeton UniversityPrinceton NJ 08544USA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory NOAAPrinceton NJ 08544USA

Near-surface wind speed exerts profound impacts on many environmental issues,while the long-term(≥60 years)trend and multidecadal variability in the wind speed and its underlying causes in global high-elevation and mountainous areas(e.g.,tibetan Plateau)remain largely ***,by examining homogenized wind speed data from 104 meteorological stations over the tibetan Plateau for 1961-2020 and ERA5 reanalysis datasets,we investigated the variability and long-term trend in the near-surface wind speed and revealed the role played by the westerly and Asian *** results show that the homogenized annual wind speed displays a decreasing trend(-0.091 m s^(−1)per decade,pith the strongest in spring(-0.131 m s^(−1)per decade,pthe weakest in autumn(-0.071 m s^(−1)per decade,pthere is a distinct multidecadal variability of wind speed,which manifested in an prominent increase in 1961-1970,a sustained decrease in 1970-2002,and a consistent increase in *** observed decadal variations are likely linked to large-scale atmospheric circulation,and the correlation analysis unveiled a more important role of westerly and East Asian winter monsoon in modulating near-surface wind changes over the tibetan *** potential physical processes associated with westerly and Asian monsoon changes are in concordance with wind speed change,in terms of overall weakened horizontal air flow(i.e.,geostrophic wind speed),declined vertical thermal and dynamic momentum transfer(i.e.,atmospheric stratification thermal instability and vertical wind shear),and varied tibetan Plateau *** indicates that to varying degrees these processes may have contributed to the changes in near-surface wind speed over the tibetan *** study has implications for wind power production and soil wind erosion prevention in the tibetan Plateau.

关键词： tibetan Plateau Wind speed Decadal change atmospheric circulation Physical processes

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Competitive effect, but not competitive response, varies along a climatic gradient depending on tree species identity

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第2期11卷 142-151页

作者： teresa Valor Lluís Coll David i.Forrester Hans Pretzsch Miren del Río Kamil Bielak Bogdan Brzeziecki Franz Binder torben Hilmers Zuzana Sitková Roberto tognetti Aitor Ameztegui Department of Agricultural and Forest sciences.and Engineering(DCEFA) University of LleidaAv.Alcalde Rovira Roure 191E25198 LleidaSpain Joint Research Unit CtFC-AGROtECNiO-CERCA Ctra.Sant LlorençKm.225280SolsonaSpain Swiss Federal institute of Forest Snow and Landscape Research WSLZürcherstrasse 1118903BirmensdorfSwitzerland CSiRO Land and Water GPO Box 1700CanberraACT2601Australia Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science School of Life Sciences WeihenstephanTechnical University of MunichHans-Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 285354FreisingGermany Forest Research center INIA-CSICCtra.A Coruña Km 7.528040MadridSpain iuFOR Sustainable Forest Management Research InstituteUniversity of Valladolid&INIASpain Department of Silviculture Institute of Forest SciencesWarsaw University of Life SciencesNowoursynowska 159/3402776WarsawPoland Bavarian State institute of Forestry(LWF) Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1D-85354FreisingGermany National Forest Centre Forest Research InstituteT.G.Masaryka 2296001ZvolenSlovakia Faculty of Agricultural Environmental and Food SciencesFree University of Bozen-Bolzano Piazza Università1 I-39100Bolzano

Background: Understanding the role of species identity in interactions among individuals is crucial for assessing the productivity and stability of mixed forests over time. However, there is limited knowledge concerning the variation in competitive effect and response of different species along climatic gradients. in this study, we investigated the importance of climate, tree size, and competition on the growth of three tree species: spruce(Picea abies), fir(Abies alba), and beech(Fagus sylvatica), and examined their competitive response and effect along a climatic ***: We selected 39 plots distributed across the European mountains with records of the position and growth of 5,759 individuals. For each target species, models relating tree growth to tree size, climate and competition were proposed. Competition was modelled using a neighbourhood competition index that considered the effects of inter-and intraspecific competition on target trees. Competitive responses and effects were related to *** methods and information theory were used to select the best ***: Our findings revealed that competition had a greater impact on target species growth than tree size or climate. Climate did influence the competitive effects of neighbouring species, but it did not affect the target species? response to competition. the strength of competitive effects varied along the gradient, contingent on the identity of the interacting species. When the target species exhibited an intermediate competitive effect relative to neighbouring species, both higher inter-than intraspecific competitive effects and competition reduction occurred along the gradient. Notably, species competitive effects were most pronounced when the target species' growth was at its peak and weakest when growing conditions were far from their ***: Climate modulates the effects of competition from neighbouring trees on the target tree and not the susceptibility of th

关键词： Competition coefficient Competition reduction interspecific competition intraspecific competition Mixing effects Mixed species forest Neighbourhood models Plant-plant interactions

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Evolution of Superconducting-transition temperature with Superfluid Density and Conductivity in Pressurized Cuprate Superconductors

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Chinese Physics Letters 2024年第4期41卷 110-117页

作者：赵金瑜蔡树陈逸雯顾根大闫宏涛郭静韩金宇王鹏玉周亚洲李延春李晓东任治安吴奇周兴江丁阳向涛毛河光孙力玲 institute of Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China center for High Pressure Science&technology Advanced Research Beijing 100094China Condensed Matter Physics&Materials Science Department Brookhaven National LaboratoryNY 11973-5000USA University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100190China institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of ScienceBeijing 100049China Beijing Academy of Quantum information sciences Beijing 100193China

What factors fundamentally determine the value of superconducting transition temperature tc in high temperature superconductors has been the subject of intense *** the establishment of an empirical law known as Homes'law,there is a growing consensus in the community that the tc value of the cuprate superconductors is closely linked to the superfluid density(ρ_(s))of its ground state and the conductivity(σ)of its normal ***,all the data supporting this empirical law(ρ_(s)=Aσt_(c))have been obtained from the ambientpressure *** this study,we present the first high-pressure results about the connection of the quantities of ρ_(s) and σ with t_(c),through the studies on the Bi_(1.74)Pb_(0.38)Sr_(1.88)CuO_(6+δ)and Bi_(2)Sr_(2)CaCu_(2)O_(8+δ),in which the value of their high-pressure resistivity(ρ=1/σ)is achieved by adopting our newly established method,while the quantity ofρs is extracted using Homes'*** highlight that the tc values are strongly linked to the joint response factors of magnetic field and electric field,i.e.,ρ_(s) and σ,respectively,implying that the physics determining t_(c) is governed by the intrinsic electromagnetic fields of the system.

关键词： superconductors transition Conductivity

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Adaptive strategies of high and low nucleic acid prokaryotes in response to declining resource availability and selective grazing by protozoa

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Science China Earth sciences 2024年第6期67卷 1872-1884页

作者： Chen HU Liuqian YU Xiaowei CHEN Jihua LiU Yao ZHANG John BAtt Xilin XiAO Qiang SHi Rui ZHANG tingwei LUO Nianzhi JiAO Dapeng XU College of the Environment and Ecology Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science College of Ocean and Earth SciencesFujian Key Laboratory of Marine Carbon SequestrationXiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Joint Lab for Ocean Research and Education(LORE)of Dalhousie University Canadaand Shandong University and Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences ThrustThe Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(Guangzhou)Guangzhou 510000China institute of Marine Science and technology Shandong UniversityQingdao 266237China Department of Oceanography Dalhousie UniversityHalifaxNova Scotia B3H 4R2Canada institute for Advanced Study Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Carbon Neutral innovation Research center Xiamen UniversityXiamen 361102China

Prokaryotes play a fundamental role in global ocean biogeochemical ***,how the abundance and metabolic activity of ecologically distinct subgroups(i.e.,high nucleic acid(HNA)and low nucleic acid(LNA)cells),and their regulating factors,change in response to changing marine environmental conditions remains poorly ***,we delved into the time-evolving dynamic responses of the HNA and LNA prokaryotic subgroups to declining resource availability and selective grazing by protozoa by conducting a 73-day incubation experiment in a large-volume(117,000 L)macrocosm that facilitates community-level *** found that the metabolic activity of the HNA subgroup was higher than that of the LNA subgroup when the macrocosm was resource replete but that the HNA subgroup declined more rapidly than the LNA subgroup as the resources became increasingly scarce,leading to a steadily increasing contribution of LNA cells to prokaryotic ***,as resources in the macrocosm became limited,protozoan grazing preference shifted from the HNA to the LNA subgroup and the contributions of the LNA subgroup to the carbon flow within the macrocosm *** findings highlight the resilience of LNA cells in resource-limited environments,illuminate the critical role of selective grazing by protozoa in balancing distinct prokaryotic subgroups under changing resource conditions,and demonstrate the complex and adaptive interactions between protozoa and prokaryotes across diverse environmental contexts.

关键词： Microbial loop Macrocosm experiment Prokaryote top-down and bottom-up controls Carbon flow

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Eosinophils promote CD8+ t cell memory generation to potentiate anti-bacterial immunity

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Signal transduction and targeted therapy 2024年第3期9卷 1230-1243页

作者： Jun Zhou Jiaqi Liu Bingjing Wang Nan Li Juan Liu Yanmei Han Xuetao Cao institute of immunology Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310058China National Key Laboratory of immunity and inflammation Institute of ImmunologyNaval Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Department of immunology Center for ImmunotherapyInstitute of Basic Medical SciencesPeking Union Medical CollegeChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijing 100005China institute of immunology College of Life SciencesNankai UniversityTianjin 300071China

Memory CD8+t cell generation is crucial for pathogen elimination and effective vaccination against *** cellular and molecular circuitry that underlies the generation of memory CD8+t cells remains *** can modulate inflammatory allergic responses and interact with lymphocytes to regulate their functions in immune *** we report that eosinophils are required for the generation of memory CD8+t cells by inhibiting CD8+t cell ***-deficient mice display significantly impaired memory CD8+t cell response and weakened resistance against Listeria monocytogenes(L.m.)***,eosinophils secrete interleukin-4(iL-4)to inhibit JNK/Caspase-3 dependent apoptosis of CD8+t cells upon *** in ***,active eosinophils are recruited into the spleen and secrete more iL-4 to suppress CD8+t cell apoptosis during early stage of *** in *** transfer of wild-type(Wt)eosinophils but not iL-4-deficient eosinophils into eosinophil-deficient mice could rescue the impaired CD8+t cell memory ***,our findings suggest that eosinophil-derived iL-4 promotes the generation of CD8+t cell memory and enhances immune defense against *** study reveals a new adjuvant role of eosinophils in memory t cell generation and provides clues for enhancing the vaccine potency via targeting eosinophils and related cytokines.

关键词： impaired immunity spleen

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Alexa,let's train now!——A systematic review and classification approach to digital and home-based physical training interventions aiming to support healthy cognitive aging

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第1期13卷 30-46页

作者： Fabian Herold Paula theobald thomas Gronwald Navin Kaushal Liye Zou Eling D.de Bruin Louis Bherer Notger GMüller Research Group Degenerative and Chronic Diseases MovementFaculty of Health Sciences BrandenburgUniversity of PotsdamPotsdam 14476Germany Body-Brain-Mind Laboratory Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China institute of interdisciplinary Exercise Science and Sports Medicine MSH Medical School HamburgHamburg 20457Germany Department of Health sciences School of Health&Human SciencesIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN 46202USA Department of Health sciences.and technology Institute of Human Movement Sciences and SportETH ZurichZurich 8093Switzerland Department of Neurobiology Care Sciencesand SocietyKarolinska InstituteStockholm 17177Sweden Department of Health OST-Eastern Swiss University of Applied SciencesSt.Gallen 9001Switzerland Montreal Heart institute MontrealQC H1T 1C8Canada Department of Medicine Universite de MontrealMontrealQC H3T 1J4Canada Centre de Recherche de l'institut Universitaire de Geriatrie de Montreal MontrealQC H3W 1W5Canada

Background:there is mounting evidence that regular physical activity is an important prerequisite for healthy cognitive ***,the finding that almost one-third of the adult population does not reach the recommended level of regular physical activity calls for further public health *** this context,digital and home-based physical training interventions might be a promising alternative to center-based intervention ***,this systematic review aimed to summarize the current state of the literature on the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on adult cognitive ***:in this pre-registered systematic review(PROSPERO;iD:CRD42022320031),5 electronic databases(PubMed,Web of Science,Psyclnfo,SPORtDiscus,and Cochrane Library)were searched by 2 independent researchers(FH and Pt)to identify eligible studies investigating the effects of digital and home-based physical training interventions on cognitive performance in *** systematic literature search yielded 8258 records(extra17 records from other sources),of which 27 controlled trials were considered *** reviewers(FH and Pt)independently extracted data and assessed the risk of bias using a modified version of the tool for the assEssment of Study quality and reporting in EXercise(tEStEX scale).Results:Of the 27 reviewed studies,15 reported positive effects on cognitive and motor-cognitive outcomes(i.e.,performance improvements in measures of executive functions,working memory,and choice stepping reaction test),and a considerable heterogeneity concerning study-related,population-related,and intervention-related characteristics was noticed.A more detailed analysis suggests that,in particular,interventions using online classes and technology-based exercise devices(i.e.,step-based exergames)can improve cognitive performance in healthy older *** one-half of the reviewed studies were rated as having a high risk of bias with respect

关键词： Brain Cognition Digital health Exercise-cognition Physical activity

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Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as a bridge in patients with advanced heart failure:initial experience in China

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Chinese Medical Journal 2024年第10期137卷 1228-1230页

作者： Jing Wang Jian Wang Sizhe Gao Gang Liu Qian Wang Shujie Yan Boyi Zhou Yuan Yuan Guodong Gao Bingyang Ji Department of Cardiopulmonary Bypass Fuwai hospitalNational Center for Cardiovascular DiseaseChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijing 100037China

to the Editor:Veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(VA-ECMO)has been used as a bridge in patients with advanced heart failure(AdHF)while waiting for heart transplantation(Htx).Many studies reported by developed countries have confirmed the advantages of VA-ECMO in terms of bridge to left ventricular assist device(LVAD)or Htx,with stabilizing the condition and improving the possibility of further treatment of patients.[1-3]Recent data from the Extracorporeal Life Support Organization(ELSO)[4]indicated that ECMO used as a bridge has increased by 20.5%over a ***,to date,there are few studies on the bridge experience of VA-ECMO in the mainland of China.

关键词： patients arterial ventricular

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iNF-γ and iL-2 Profile as therapeutic Markers in tuberculosis Patients at the Jamot Hospital of Yaounde-Cameroon

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Journal of tuberculosis Research 2024年第2期12卷 119-128页

作者： Alexandra Emmanuelle Membangbi Jacky Njiki-Bikoï Esther Del-Florence Moni Ndedi Donatien Serge Mbaga Elsa Nguiffo Makue André Chris Mikangue Mbongue Koko-ta Ladiff Sharonne Martha Mesembe Justin Olivier Essindi Aïcha Ngoutane Arnaud Franck Elang Sabine Aimée touangnou-Chamda George ikomey Mondinde Eric Walter Perfura-Yone Marie Joseph Nkodo Mindimi Sara Honorine Riwom Essama Department of Microbiology The University of Yaound 1 Yaound Cameroon center for the Study and Control of Communicable Diseases (CSCCD) Yaound Cameroon the institute for Medical Research and Medicinal Plants Studies Yaound Cameroon Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical sciences The University of Yaound I Yaound Cameroon the Pneumology Department Jamot Hospital of Yaound Yaound Cameroon

Background: tuberculosis (tB) is one of the top lethal infectious diseases worldwide. in recent years, interferon-γ (iNF-γ) release assays (iGRAs) have been established as routine tests for diagnosing tB infection. However, produced iNF-γ assessment cannot permit to distinguish active AtB from latent tB infection (LtBi), especially in tB epidemic areas. in addition to iFN-γ, interleukin-2 (iL-2), secreted by activated t cells, is involved in immune response against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. this could be involved in the follow up of treatment response. the aim of our study was to determine iFN-γ and iL2 cytokines profiles of patients under antituberculosis treatment. Materials and Methods: A six months’ cross-sectional study was conducted at the Jamot Hospital of Yaoundé, from May to August 2021. Sociodemographic and clinical data as well as 5 mL of blood were collected from each participant. iNF-γ and iL-2 were determined using indirect Enzyme linked immuno-Sorbent Assay (ELiSA) according to the manufacturer’s recommendations and spectrum exam in combination with radiography and GeneXpert were used as standard. P-values Results: the results showed that men were more infected 14/61 (31.8%) with a high presence in active and resistant tB groups. the mean age was 41.3 ± 13.1 years with a 95% Ci = [38.2 - 44.7], the age group with the highest infection rate was ranged between 31 and 40 years. the iL-2 and iNF-γ means were respectively 327.6 ± 160.6 pg/mL and 26.6 ± 13.0 pg/mL in AtB patients, 251.1 ± 30.9 pg/mL and 21.4 ± 9.2 pg/mL in patients with resistant tuberculosis, while it was 149.3 ± 93.3 pg/mL and 17.9 ± 9.4 pg/mL in cured patients, 15.1 ± 8.4 pg/mL and 5.3 ± 2.6 pg/mL in participants presumed healthy (p γ and iL-2rates were observed between the different groups. Conclusion: Monitoring the serum levels of iNF-γ and iL-2 would be useful for the follow-up of anti-tuberculosis patients, particularly in the both cytokines association case.

关键词： tuberculosis Antituberculosis treatment iNF-γ iL-2 ELiSA

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Hybridization-mediated quasiparticle and phonon dynamics in single crystal cerium films

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第4期67卷 146-153页

作者： Yunhe Pei Yi Wu Kai Hu Zhengxing Wei YiFeng Yang Yang Liu Jingbo Qi State Key Laboratory of Electronic thin Films and integrated Devices University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China center for Correlated Matter and Department of Physics Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100190China University of Chinese Academy of sciences Beijing 100049China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China Collaborative innovation center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing UniversityNanjing 210093China

We report the ultrafast optical pump-probe spectroscopy measurements on the single-crystal cerium *** experimental results of temperature-dependent quasiparticle dynamics reveal development of the hybridization between localized f moments and conduction electrons,i.e.,evolving from fluctuating hybridization to collective *** phonon renormalization is discovered to appear at the emerging temperature(t^(+))of fluctuating hybridization apart from its known presence at the coherent temperature(t^(*)),and can hardly be explained by the mean-field *** quasiparticle relaxation at high temperatures indicates coexistence of nonthermal electron-electron scattering and inelastic Kondo scattering,while its behavior at low temperatures suggests onset ofαphase in theγ-phase dominated *** also extract the indirect gap below t^(*),representing the appearance of collective *** findings provide novel information about the hybridization and phase evolution in the heavy fermion systems.

关键词： cerium quasiparticle dynamics hybridization phonon renormalization

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Nitrate reduction capacity of the oral microbiota is impaired in periodontitis:potential implications for systemic nitric oxide availability

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international Journal of Oral Science 2024年第1期16卷 52-61页

作者： Bob t.Rosier William Johnston Miguel Carda-Diéguez Annabel Simpson Elena Cabello-Yeves Krystyna Piela Robert Reilly Alejandro Artacho Chris Easton Mia Burleigh Shauna Culshaw Alex Mira Department of Genomics and Health FISABIO FoundationCenter for Advanced Research in Public HealthValenciaSpain Department of Biological and Biomedical sciences Glasgow Caledonian UniversityGlasgowUK Oral sciences University of Glasgow Dental SchoolSchool of MedicineDentistry and NursingCollege of MedicalVeterinary and Life SciencesUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowUK Sport and Physical Activity Research institute University of the West of ScotlandBlantyreScotland instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas(IBV-CSIC)ValenciaSpain CiBER center for Epidemiology and Public Health MadridSpain

the reduction of nitrate to nitrite by the oral microbiota has been proposed to be important for oral health and results in nitric oxide formation that can improve cardiometabolic conditions. Studies of bacterial composition in subgingival plaque suggest that nitrate-reducing bacteria are associated with periodontal health, but the impact of periodontitis on nitrate-reducing capacity(NRC)and, therefore, nitric oxide availability has not been evaluated. the current study aimed to evaluate how periodontitis affects the NRC of the oral microbiota. First, 16S rRNA sequencing data from five different countries were analyzed, revealing that nitratereducing bacteria were significantly lower in subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients compared with healthy individuals(P in all five datasets with n = 20–82 samples per dataset). Secondly, subgingival plaque, saliva, and plasma samples were obtained from 42 periodontitis patients before and after periodontal treatment. the oral NRC was determined in vitro by incubating saliva with 8 mmol/L nitrate(a concentration found in saliva after nitrate-rich vegetable intake) and compared with the NRC of 15healthy individuals. Salivary NRC was found to be diminished in periodontal patients before treatment(P t recovered to healthy levels 90 days post-treatment. Additionally, the subgingival levels of nitrate-reducing bacteria increased after treatment and correlated negatively with periodontitis-associated bacteria(P ignificant effect of periodontal treatment on the baseline saliva and plasma nitrate and nitrite levels was found, indicating that differences in the NRC may only be revealed after nitrate intake. Our results suggest that an impaired NRC in periodontitis could limit dietary nitrate-derived nitric oxide levels, and the effect on systemic health should be explored in future studies.

关键词： impaired intake nitrate

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