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Multimodality imaging in the diagnosis and management of prosthetic valve endocarditis:A contemporary narrative review

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World Journal of Cardiology 2021年第8期13卷 254-270页

作者： Saberio Lo Presti Tarec K Elajami Mohammad Zmaili Reza Reyaldeen Bo Xu Advanced Cardiac Imaging Fellows Sydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute at Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States Department of Cardiology Mount Sinai Medical CenterMiami BeachFL 33140United States Department of Internal Medicine Cleveland Clinic FoundationClevelandOH 44195United States Section of Cardiovascular Imaging in the Robert and Suzanne Tomsich Department of Cardiovascular MedicineSydell and Arnold Miller Family Heart Vascular and Thoracic Institute at Cleveland ClinicClevelandOH 44195United States

Infective endocarditis is one of the leading life-threatening infections around the *** the exponential growth in the field of transcatheter interventions and advances in specialized surgical techniques,the number of prosthetic valves and cardiac implantable devices has significantly *** has led to a steep rise in the number of cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis(PVE)comprising up to 30%of all *** guidelines rely on the use of the modified Duke criteria;however,the diagnostic sensitivity of the modified Duke criteria is reduced in the context of *** is in part attributed to prosthesis related artifact which greatly affects the ability of echocardiography to detect early infective changes related to PVE in certain *** has been increasing recognition of the roles of complementary imaging modalities and updates in international society *** diagnosis and treatment can prevent the devastating consequences of this *** modalities such as cardiac computed tomography and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography are diagnostic tools that provide a complementary role to echocardiography in aiding diagnosis,pre-operative planning,and treatment decisionmaking process in these challenging *** the strengths and limitations of these adjuvant imaging modalities is crucial for the implementation of appropriate imaging modalities in clinical practice.

关键词： Prosthetic valve endocarditis Multimodality cardiac imaging echocardiography Cardiac computed tomography 18-fluorodeoxyglucose photon emission tomography/computed tomography

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自发性脊髓脑脊液漏和低颅压

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美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2007年第2期26卷 97-105页

作者： Wouter I. Schievink 彭清（译）黄一宁（校） Maxine Dunitz Neurosurgical institute Cedars-Sinai Medical Center Los Angeles Calif 不详

背景：自发性低颅压是由自发性脊髓脑脊液（cerebrospinal fluid，CSF）漏所导致的，可引起直立性头痛。它是中、青年新发头痛的重要病因，但常常在初步诊断时被误诊。目的：对有关自发性脊髓脑脊液漏及低颅压的流行病学、病理生理学、... 详细信息

背景：自发性低颅压是由自发性脊髓脑脊液（cerebrospinal fluid，CSF）漏所导致的，可引起直立性头痛。它是中、青年新发头痛的重要病因，但常常在初步诊断时被误诊。目的：对有关自发性脊髓脑脊液漏及低颅压的流行病学、病理生理学、诊断和治疗的现有证据加以总结。证据获取：在MEDLINE（1966年至2005年）和OLDMEDLINE（1950年至1965年）上对下列术语进行检索：intracranial hypotension（低颅压）、CSF leak（脑脊液漏）、lowpressure headache（低颅压性头痛）以及CSF hypovolemia（脑脊液低容量）。检出文章的参考文献和该领域的现行研究也被采用。证据汇总：自发性低颅压可以由单个或多个脊髓脑脊液漏引起每年发病率估计为5／100000，年龄高峰出现在40岁左右，女性患者多于男性患者。当机械因素与潜在的结缔组织病相结合时就可引发脑脊液漏。直立性头痛是其典型的临床表现，同时也可见到其他类型的头痛，一些相关症状也很常见。磁共振的典型表现包括硬膜下积液（subdural fluid collection）、硬脑膜增强（enhancement of the paehymeninges）、静脉结构充盈（engorgement of venous structures）、脑垂体充血（pituitary hyperemia）以及脑组织下沉（sagging of the brain）（为便于记忆，简称为SEEPS）。脊髓造影术可用于诊断脊髓脑脊液漏。治疗措施包括卧床休息、硬膜外血液填充、经皮纤维蛋白封闭剂置入以及外科脑脊液漏修补术，但是鲜有人对预后进行研究，也没有适当的随机对照试验对各种治疗措施进行研究。结论：自发性低颅压并不少见，但其诊断率较低。该病的临床表现和影像学表现多种多样，诊断主要是依靠临床印象、头部磁共振成像和脊髓造影检查。可选用的治疗方法很多，但是该病仍有待进一步研究。

关键词：自发性低颅压脊髓造影术脑脊液漏低颅压性头痛头部磁共振成像纤维蛋白封闭剂 fluid 初步诊断

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Systemic IL-1β production as a consequence of corneal HSV-1 infection-contribution to the development of herpes simplex keratitis

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International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition) 2019年第9期12卷 1493-1497页

作者： Joan NíGabhann-Dromgoole Ciaran de Chaumont David Shahnazaryan Siobhán Smith Conor Malone Jaythoon Hassan Cillian F.De Gascun Caroline A.Jefferies Conor C.Murphy Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics and RSCI Research institute Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin 2Ireland Department of Ophthalmology Royal College of Surgeons in IrelandDublin 2Ireland Department of Ophthalmology Royal Victoria Eye and Ear HospitalDublin 2Ireland National Virus Reference Laboratory University College DublinBelfieldDublin 4Ireland Department of Medicine Division of Rheumatology and Department of Biomedical SciencesCedars-Sinai Medical CentreLos AngelesCA 90048USA

This study sought to identify potential therapeutic targets in herpes simplex keratitis(HSK) patients with active and inactive infection by investigating peripheral cytokine production. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) and serum were prepared from healthy controls and HSK patients during active infection or following treatment(inactive infection). Serum antibody titres were determined by ELISA. Protein expression levels were analysed by Western blot. Cytokine levels were determined by multiplex ELISA. Active corneal herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) infection resulted in significantly elevated peripheral levels of IL-1β in HSK patients compared to healthy controls, and remained significantly increased following treatment. Elevated production of IL-1β in inactive patients was associated with significantly increased levels of IRF3 and STAT1, key proteins involved in promoting anti-viral immune responses. Our data suggest that inflammation persists beyond the period that it is clinically evident and that enhanced peripheral production of IL-1β may have implications for HSV-1 viral clearance in active and inactive HSK patients.

关键词： herpes simplex virus type 1 herpes simplex keratitis inflammation peripheral immune response pathogenesis

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Cell-free circulating tumor DNA in cancer

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2016年第5期35卷 205-213页

作者： Zhen Qin Vladimir A.Ljubimov Cuiqi Zhou Yunguang Tong Jimin Liang Department of Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterDavid Geffen School of Medicine at UCLALos AngelesCalifornia 90048USA School of Life Science and Technology Xidian UniversityXi’an 710126ShaanxiP.R.China Keck School of Medicine University of Southern CaliforniaLos AngelesCA 90033USA Department of Pathology Xinxiang Medical UniversityXinxiang 453003HenanP.R.China

Cancer is a common cause of death *** significant advances in cancer treatments,the morbidity and mortality are still *** heterogeneity,especially intratumoral heterogeneity,is a significant reason underlying difficulties in tumor treatment and failure of a number of current therapeutic modalities,even of molecularly targeted *** development of a virtually noninvasive "liquid biopsy" from the blood has been attempted to characterize tumor *** review focuses on cell-free circulating tumor DNA(ctDNA) in the bloodstream as a versatile *** analysis is an evolving field with many new methods being developed and optimized to be able to successfully extract and analyze ctDNA,which has vast clinical *** has the potential to accurately genotype the tumor and identify personalized genetic and epigenetic alterations of the entire *** addition,ctDNA has the potential to accurately monitor tumor burden and treatment response,while also being able to monitor minimal residual disease,reducing the need for harmful adjuvant chemotherapy and allowing more rapid detection of *** are still many challenges that need to be overcome prior to this biomarker getting wide adoption in the clinical world,including optimization,standardization,and large multicenter trials.

关键词： Circulating tumor DNA, Liquid biopsy, Cancer

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Novel SPECT Technologies and Approaches in Cardiac Imaging

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Cardiovascular Innovations and Applications 2016年第B12期2卷 31-46页

作者： Piotr Slomka Guang-Uei Hung Guido Germano Daniel S.Berman Departments of Imaging and Medicine Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos AngelesCAUSA Department of Nuclear Medicine Chang Bing Show Chwan Memorial HospitalChanghuaTaiwan

Recent novel approaches in myocardial perfusion single photon emission CT(SPECT)have been facilitated by new dedicated high-effi ciency hardware with solid-state detectors and optimized *** protocols include very low-dose(1 mSv)stress-only,two-position imaging to mitigate attenuation artifacts,and simultaneous dual-isotope *** correction can be performed by specialized low-dose systems or by previously obtained CT coronary calcium *** protocols using CT angiography have been *** quality improvements have been demonstrated by novel reconstructions and motion *** SPECT acquisition facilitates dynamic fl ow and early function *** processing algorithms have become automated with virtually unsupervised extraction of quantitative imaging *** automation facilitates integration with clinical variables derived by machine learning to predict patient outcome or *** this review,we describe new imaging protocols made possible by the new hardware *** also discuss several novel software approaches for the quantifi cation and interpretation of myocardial perfusion SPECT scans.

关键词： myocardial perfusion imaging single photon emission computed tomography fast myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography quantifi cation low dose stress only

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Bivalirudin in Primary PCI: Can Its Glory Being Restored?

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Cardiology Discovery 2021年第3期1卷 179-194页

作者： Yang Li Yi Li Gregg W.Stone Yaling Han Cardiovascular Research institute and Department of Cardiology General Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangLiaoning 110016China Icahn School of Medicine at Mount sinai Mount Sinai Heart and the Cardiovascular Research FoundationNew YorkNew York 10029-5674USA.

Intravenous anticoagulant therapy is critical to prevent ischemic recurrences and complications without increasing the risk of bleeding in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). It includes the indirect thrombin inhibitor heparins and the direct thrombin inhibitor bivalirudin. However, the ideal anticoagulant for patients undergoing PPCI remains controversial. In this review, we provide an overview of currently available anticoagulant therapies used in STEMI patients undergoing PPCI, including describing the rationale for their use, pivotal clinical trial data, and treatment recommendations of guidelines, providing much-needed clarity to guide the selection of the safest and most effective anticoagulant regimens for PPCI.

关键词： Bivalirudin Heparin ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction Primary percutaneous coronary intervention

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Efficacy and Safety of Bortezomib in Multiple Myeloma Patients with Hepatitis B： A Multicenter Retrospective Study

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Chinese Medical Journal 2016年第3期129卷 274-278页

作者： Jin Lu Wen-Ming Chen Chuan-Ying Geng Brian GM Durie Xiao-Jun Huang Department of Hematology Peking University People's Hospital and Peking University Institute of Hematology Beijing 100044 China Department of Hematology Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital Beijing 100020 China Southwest Oncology Group International Myeloma Foundation and Cedars Sinai Comprehensive Cancer Center Los Angeles CA 90048 USA

Background： The efficacy and safety evidence of bortezomib in multiple myeloma （MM） patients with hepatitis B is *** study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of bortezomib in MM patients with hepatitis B in ***： From 2006 to 2011, 739 newly diagnosed MM patients were screened for serum hepatitis B virus （HBV） ***-infected patients were followed for HBV reactivation by monitoring of serum alanine transaminase （ALT） and HBV DNA *** pattern of HBV reactivation in relation to bortezomib was *** hundred thirty-nine MM patients were included in this ***： The prevalence of MM patients infected with HBV was 3.4% （n =25）, of which 17 cases were treated with *** had no significant influence on liver function （ALT before and after treatment： 36.69 ＆#177; 8.90 U/L vs.11.31 ＆#177; 2.74 U/L, P =0.19） and HBV DNA of MM patients with HBV （detectable HBV DNA percentage： 5.9% vs.11.8%, P =0.12）.Conclusions： Bortezomib can be used safely and effectively in MM patients with hepatitis *** prophylaxis and surveillance are recommended during the MM treatment.

关键词： Bortezomib Hepatitis B Lamivudine Myeloma Thalidomide

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使考虑激素替代治疗的许多健康妇女感到安心但仍然有必要进行个体化风险获益平衡的评估

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英国医学杂志中文版 2018年第3期21卷 123-124页

作者： Chrisandra Shufeh C Noel Bairey Merz 郑婷萍张雪芳 Barbra Streisand Women's heartCenter Cedars-Sinai Heart Institute Los AngelesCalifornia USA 首都医科大学附属北京朝阳医院妇产科

因为担心绝经后激素替代治疗（HRT）导致心脏病、卒中和乳腺癌的发生风险增加，许多女性惧怕HRT。这些担忧是由两个妇女健康计划（WHI）临床试验引起的，这两项试验分别在2002年和2004年被提前终止。

关键词： HRT 评价平衡利益风险女人健康

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Cardiovascular Benefits of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in the Andropausal Male

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Health 2015年第9期7卷 1206-1214页

作者： Satya K. Vatti Raef Madanieh Abed Madanieh Constantine E. Kosmas Timothy J. Vittorio St. Francis Hospital—The heart Center® Division of Cardiology Center for Advanced Cardiac Therapeutics Roslyn NY USA Zena and Michael A Wiener Cardiovascular institute Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York USA

Androgen deficiency has been receiving a lot of attention as an evolving health concern in the in-dustrialized world. With population aging, hypogonadism has become a challenging medical problem confronting practicing physicians. The importance of this increasingly prevalent disease arises from its potentially debilitating and serious consequences, such as atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, metabolic disorders, muscular weakness, psychiatric illness, sexual dysfunction and vascular inflammation. When left untreated, testosterone deficiency is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality.

关键词： Cardiovascular Hormones Hypogonadism Testosterone Therapy

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血管内超声评价冠心病患者的冠状动脉

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中国医学影像技术 2008年第12期24卷 1951-1954页

作者：张宇辉陈明刘怡张波苗爱雨罗淮 Robert J．Siegle 同济大学附属东方医院心脏中心上海200120 美国cedars-sinai医学中心心脏无创伤检查实验室洛杉矶90048-0750

目的报告应用血管内超声(IVUS)评估冠心病患者冠状动脉重构及斑块稳定性诊疗的体会。方法使用血管内超声观察236例冠心病患者(经冠状动脉造影确诊),其中不稳定型心绞痛(UA)78例,稳定型心绞痛(SA)61例,急性心肌梗死(AMI)97例。结果SA组... 详细信息

目的报告应用血管内超声(IVUS)评估冠心病患者冠状动脉重构及斑块稳定性诊疗的体会。方法使用血管内超声观察236例冠心病患者(经冠状动脉造影确诊),其中不稳定型心绞痛(UA)78例,稳定型心绞痛(SA)61例,急性心肌梗死(AMI)97例。结果SA组以稳定的纤维斑块为主,UA和AMI组以不稳定的软斑为主;UA和AMI组的偏心指数明显高于SA组(P<0.05)。UA组和AMI组以正性重构为主。结论IVUS能更准确观察冠状动脉内粥样斑块的特点,观察冠状动脉管腔的形态及狭窄的严重程度,对冠心病诊断具有独特的临床价值。

关键词：超声检查冠状动脉疾病

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