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Cost of treating chronic hepatitis B:Comparison of current treatment guidelines

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第42期18卷 6106-6113页

作者： Monica Robotin Yumi Patton Melanie Kansil Andrew Penman Jacob George Medical and Scientific Issues Unit Cancer Council NSW153 Dowling StWooloomoolooSydney 2011Australia School of Public Health University of SydneySydney 2006Australia cathedral street partners 1/96 Cathedral StWoollomoolooSydney 2011Australia Faculty of Medicine University of SydneySydney 2006Australia Storr Liver Unit Westmead Millennium Institute Westmead HospitalSydney 2145Australia

AIM:To compare program costs of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) screening and treatment using Australian and other published CHB treatment ***:Economic modeling demonstrated that in Australia a strategy of hepatocellular cancer(HCC) prevention in patients with CHB is more cost-effective than current standard care,or HCC *** upon this model,we developed the B positive program to optimize CHB management of Australians born in countries of high CHB *** estimated CHB program costs using the B positive program algorithm and compared them to estimated costs of using the CHB treatment guidelines published by the AsianPacific,American and European Associations for the Study of Liver Disease(APASL,AASLD,EASL) and those suggested by an independent United States hepatology *** used a Markov model that factored in the costs of CHB screening and treatment,individualized by viral load and alanine aminotransferase levels,and calculated the relative costs of program *** were discounted by 5% and calculated in Australian dollars(AUD).RESULTS:Using the B positive algorithm,total program costs amount to 13 979 224 AUD,or 9634 AUD per *** least costly strategy is based upon using the AASLD guidelines,which would cost 34% less than our B positive *** the EASL and the United States Expert Group guidelines would increase program costs by 46%.The largest expenditure relates to the cost of drug treatment(66.9% of total program costs).The contribution of CHB surveillance(20.2%) and HCC screening and surveillance(6.6%) is small-and together they represent only approximately a quarter of the total program ***:The significant cost variations in CHB screening and treatment using different guidelines are relevant for clinicians and policy makers involved in designing population-based disease control programs.

关键词：慢性乙型肝炎药物治疗成本比较计划成本澳大利亚经济模型程序算法马尔可夫模型

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Creation and Appropriation of Value in Business Models of Hotel Enterprises Operating on the Polish Market

Creation and Appropriation of Value in Business Models of Ho...

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2019年第四届经济与企业管理国际学术会议

作者： Ma?gorzata Sztorc Kielce University of Technology Faculty of Management and Computer Modeling cathedral of Management and Marketing

Nowadays,hotel enterprises operate on the market according to a specific business model.A key component of this model,apart from creating value,is to intercept it for the organization *** of the conditions for providing value is to establish appropriate relations between market players and use their strategic *** value proposition that occurs in business models is a consequence of the differentiation between the value generated for the customer and the value generated and intercepted by the hotel *** kind of process is carried out with the participation of other organizations that function in the enterprise *** usually take the form of cooperative *** this respect,the aim of this paper is to indicate the importance of resources and network relations occurring in the business models of hotel enterprises as the key elements for the creation and appropriation of *** achieve the stated goal,conduct a survey using survey methods with the required questions about authors assisted by CAWI（Computer Assisted Web Interview）.The survey consisted of 18 questions and was carried out in April-July *** survey was carried out among respondents from hotels with Polish and foreign *** the next stage of research,the results obtained from questionnaires were subjected to verification and statistical analysis using the IBM SPSS Statistics version 13.0 *** paper presents forms and categories of inter-organizational relations and recognizes strategic *** conducted research shows that the majority of enterprises establishing relations with specific partners,do it both to support the creation and interception of *** research results may be an inspiration for improving the process of creating and appropriating values and creating business models among hotel managers with Polish capital according to the paradigms taken over by hotel managers with foreign capital.

关键词： creation and appropriation of values resources business model business networks hospitality

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